दुख्नु 30초 만에
- Dukhnu is the standard Nepali verb for physical pain like headaches or stomach aches.
- It is an intransitive verb, meaning the body part itself is the subject that hurts.
- The word also carries deep emotional weight, used to express sadness or a 'hurt heart'.
- Commonly conjugated as 'dukhcha' (hurts) or 'dukhyo' (hurt) in everyday conversation.
- Grammatical Category
- Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया). It describes a state or a sensation occurring within a subject.
मेरो टाउको निकै दुख्छ। (Mero tauko nikai dukhcha - My head hurts a lot.)
- Common Usage
- Used for headaches, stomach aches, muscle soreness, and emotional distress.
हिजो धेरै हिँडेकोले खुट्टा दुख्यो। (Hijo dherai hidekole khutta dukhyo - My legs hurt because I walked a lot yesterday.)
- Subject-Verb Agreement
- Since body parts are usually inanimate or third-person, you will mostly use the third-person singular forms: dukhcha (present), dukhyo (past), dukhnecha (future).
के तिम्रो दाँत दुख्दैछ? (Ke timro dant dukhdaicha? - Is your tooth hurting?)
- Tense Variations
- Dukhcha (Hurts regularly), Dukhdaicha (Is hurting now), Dukhyo (Hurt/Started hurting), Dukheko thiyo (Had been hurting).
यो घाउ अझै दुखिरहेको छ। (Yo ghaau ajhai dukhiiraheko cha - This wound is still hurting continuously.)
- Question Form
- Kaha dukhcha? (Where does it hurt?), Kahiledekhi dukhyo? (Since when did it hurt?).
- Medical Context
- Used to describe chronic pain (sadhai dukhne) or acute pain (ahile bharkharai dukhyo).
डाक्टर साब, मेरो ढाड निकै दुख्छ। (Doctor saab, mero dhad nikai dukhcha - Doctor, my back hurts a lot.)
- Social Context
- Used to express social empathy. 'Arko ko dukha dekhda man dukhcha' (The heart hurts seeing another's suffering).
तिमीलाई कहाँ दुखिरहेको छ? (Timilai kaha dukhiraheko cha? - Where is it hurting you?)
- Confusing Transitivity
- Dukhnu: The pain happens on its own. Dukhaunu: Someone causes the pain.
Incorrect: म टाउको दुख्छु। (I headache hurt.)
Correct: मेरो टाउको दुख्छ। (My head hurts.)
- Pronunciation Error
- Mistaking 'Dukh' (pain) with 'Durg' (fort) or 'Dudh' (milk). The 'kh' is aspirated.
Avoid: मेरो मन दुखायो (My heart caused pain - unless you mean someone else hurt you).
Use: मेरो मन दुख्यो (My heart hurts/is sad).
- चहराउनु (Chaharaunu)
- Used for a stinging or smarting sensation, like alcohol on a wound.
- पोलौनु (Polaunu)
- Used for a burning sensation, either from heat or spicy food in the stomach.
- बिझाउनु (Bijhaunu)
- Used for a pricking sensation, like a thorn or dust in the eye.
आँखामा केही बिझायो। (Something pricked in the eye.)
- Comparison
- Dukhnu is general ache. Polaunu is specifically burning. If you have acid reflux, you say 'Chati polcha' (My chest burns), not 'Chati dukhcha' (though the latter is also understood).
मेरो घाउ चहराइरहेको छ। (My wound is stinging.)
How Formal Is It?
"मलाई मेरो मेरुदण्डमा दुखाइ महसुस भइरहेको छ।"
"मेरो खुट्टा दुख्यो।"
"जीउ त बेस्सरी दुख्यो यार!"
"नानीलाई कहाँ दुख्यो? कुइँकुइँ भयो?"
"टाउको नदुखाऊ न!"
재미있는 사실
The opposite of 'duḥkha' is 'sukha' (happiness), which originally meant a 'good axle hole' for a smooth ride.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing 'kh' as a soft 'h'.
- Using a retroflex 'D' (like in 'Dog') instead of a dental 'd'.
- Making the 'u' too long like 'doo-khnu'.
난이도
The word is short and common in all texts.
Need to remember the 'kh' (ख) and the 'u' vowel.
Requires correct aspiration of 'kh'.
Very easy to recognize in daily speech.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Dative Subject Construction
Malai dukhcha (To me it hurts).
Causative Verbs
Dukhnu (intransitive) -> Dukhaunu (transitive).
Nominalization with -ai
Dukhnu -> Dukhai (The pain).
Conjunctive Participle -era
Khera dukhcha (It hurts while playing).
Negative suffix -daina
Dukhdaina (It does not hurt).
수준별 예문
मेरो टाउको दुख्छ।
My head hurts.
Simple present tense: dukhcha.
तिम्रो कहाँ दुख्छ?
Where does it hurt you?
Question form.
मेरो पेट दुख्यो।
My stomach hurt.
Past tense: dukhyo.
आज खुट्टा दुख्दैन।
Today the leg doesn't hurt.
Negative form: dukhdaina.
हात दुख्यो?
Did the hand hurt?
Simple past question.
मलाई अलि अलि दुख्छ।
It hurts me a little bit.
Use of 'malai' and 'ali ali'.
दाँत दुख्दा औषधि खानुस्।
Take medicine when the tooth hurts.
Conjunctive form: dukhda.
मेरो ढाड दुख्छ।
My back hurts.
Common body part usage.
हिजोदेखि मेरो कान दुखिरहेको छ।
My ear has been hurting since yesterday.
Present continuous: dukhiraheko cha.
धेरै लेखेर हात दुख्यो।
My hand hurt from writing a lot.
Cause-effect with 'era'.
के तिमीलाई अझै दुख्छ?
Does it still hurt you?
Use of 'ajhai' (still).
मलाई कतै पनि दुख्दैन।
Nothing hurts me anywhere.
Negative with 'katai pani'.
यो औषधिले दुखाइ कम गर्छ।
This medicine reduces the pain.
Nominalized form 'dukhai'.
चिसोले गर्दा दाँत दुख्यो।
The tooth hurt because of the cold.
Use of 'le garda' (because of).
कहिलेकाहीँ मेरो आँखा दुख्छ।
Sometimes my eyes hurt.
Adverb 'kahilekahi' (sometimes).
नरोऊ, अब दुख्दैन।
Don't cry, it won't hurt now.
Future/Habitual negative.
तिमीले नराम्रो भन्दा मेरो मन दुख्यो।
My heart hurt when you said bad things.
Figurative use: man dukhnu.
घाउ अझै पनि चहराइरहेको छ कि दुखिरहेको छ?
Is the wound still stinging or just aching?
Distinguishing types of pain.
धेरै नहिँड, खुट्टा दुख्ला।
Don't walk too much, your legs might hurt.
Probative future: dukhla.
दुखेको ठाउँमा बरफ लगाउनुहोस्।
Apply ice on the hurting place.
Adjectival use: dukheko.
मलाई तिम्रो समस्या सुन्दा मन दुख्छ।
My heart hurts when I hear your problems.
Empathy expression.
यो जुत्ताले मेरो खुट्टा दुखायो।
These shoes made my feet hurt.
Contrast with causative 'dukhaunu'.
कतिन्जेलसम्म दुखिरहन्छ?
How long will it keep hurting?
Continuous future inquiry.
दुख्न त दुख्छ तर सहनुपर्छ।
It does hurt, but one must endure.
Emphasis construction: dukhna ta dukhcha.
मुटु दुख्ने रोगलाई हल्का रूपमा लिनु हुँदैन।
Heart-aching diseases should not be taken lightly.
Participial use: dukhne.
गरिबको दुःख देख्दा कसको मन नदुख्ला र?
Whose heart wouldn't hurt seeing the poor's suffering?
Rhetorical question.
अपरेसनपछि केही दिन घाउ दुख्नु स्वाभाविक हो।
It is natural for the wound to hurt for a few days after surgery.
Infinitive as subject: dukhnu.
तिमीलाई दुख्दा मलाई पनि पीडा हुन्छ।
When you are in pain, I also feel suffering.
Temporal clause: dukhda.
यो पुरानो चोट कहिलेकाहीँ बल्झेर दुख्छ।
This old injury sometimes flares up and hurts.
Use of 'baljhera' (flaring up).
टाउको दुख्ने धेरै कारणहरू हुन सक्छन्।
There can be many reasons for a headache.
Compound noun phrase.
उसको कठोर वचनले मेरो आत्मसम्मान दुख्यो।
My self-respect was hurt by his harsh words.
Abstract subject.
केही नभनी जाँदा मलाई निकै दुख्यो।
It hurt me a lot when you left without saying anything.
Emotional pain from action.
समाजको बेथिति देख्दा नागरिकको मन दुख्नु अनिवार्य छ।
It is inevitable for a citizen's heart to hurt seeing the society's anomalies.
Formal/Academic tone.
यो कविताले विछोडको दुख्ने पाटोलाई उजागर गरेको छ।
This poem highlights the aching side of separation.
Literary analysis.
स्मृतिहरू कहिलेकाहीँ घाउ बनेर दुख्छन्।
Memories sometimes hurt like wounds.
Metaphorical usage.
अन्याय विरुद्ध नबोल्दा मेरो विवेक दुख्छ।
My conscience hurts when I don't speak against injustice.
Philosophical subject.
उनको स्वरमा एउटा अज्ञात दुखाइ लुकेको छ।
An unknown pain is hidden in her voice.
Abstract noun 'dukhai'.
समयले घाउ त भर्छ तर दाग सधैं दुखिरहन्छ।
Time heals the wound, but the scar always keeps hurting.
Proverbial style.
देश दुख्दा हामी चुप लागेर बस्न सक्दैनौं।
We cannot remain silent when the country is in pain.
Political metaphor.
मानवीय संवेदना दुख्ने गरी कुनै पनि काम गर्नु हुँदैन।
No work should be done in a way that hurts human sensitivity.
Adverbial clause: dukhne gari.
अस्तित्वको बोध हुनु नै एक प्रकारले दुख्नु हो।
To be aware of existence is, in a way, to hurt.
Existential philosophy.
यस महाकाव्यमा मानवता दुखेको मार्मिक चित्रण छ।
There is a poignant depiction of humanity's suffering in this epic.
High literary style.
शून्यको अनुभूतीले पनि कहिलेकाहीँ मुटु दुख्दो रहेछ।
It turns out the feeling of emptiness also makes the heart hurt.
Evidential mood: dukhdo rahecha.
शब्दहरू जब अस्त्र बन्छन्, तब आत्मा दुख्छ।
When words become weapons, the soul hurts.
Metaphysical usage.
सांस्कृतिक विचलनले गर्दा पुरानो पुस्ताको मन दुख्नु स्वाभाविक हो।
It is natural for the older generation's heart to hurt due to cultural deviation.
Sociological context.
उनको मौनतामा हजारौं नभनिएका कथाहरू दुखिरहेका छन्।
In her silence, thousands of untold stories are aching.
Poetic personification.
चेतनाको स्तर जति उच्च हुन्छ, त्यति नै संसारका दुःखले दुख्छ।
The higher the level of consciousness, the more one hurts with the world's sorrows.
Correlative construction.
सत्यको खोजीमा हिँड्दा गोडा मात्र होइन, सपना पनि दुख्छन्।
While walking in search of truth, not only the feet but also dreams hurt.
Complex metaphor.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
कहाँ दुख्छ?
धेरै दुख्यो।
दुख्न छाड्यो।
दुख्ने गरी
सधैं दुखिरहने
मन दुखाउनु
दुखाइको औषधि
पिल्सीएर दुख्नु
बल्झेर दुख्नु
नदुख्ने बनाउनु
관용어 및 표현
"टाउको दुखाउनु"
To worry excessively about something that isn't one's business.
अरूको काममा किन टाउको दुखाउँछौ?
Informal"मन दुख्नु"
To feel deeply offended or sad.
आमाको गालीले मेरो मन दुख्यो।
Neutral"मुटु दुख्नु"
To feel extreme grief or heartbreak.
छोरा टाढा जाँदा आमाको मुटु दुख्यो।
Poetic"दुख्ने नसा समात्नु"
To touch a sore spot or a sensitive topic.
उसले मेरो दुख्ने नसा समात्यो।
Metaphorical"पेट दुख्ने गरी हाँस्नु"
To laugh so hard your stomach hurts.
ठट्टा सुनेर पेट दुख्ने गरी हाँसियो।
Informal"दुःखको पहाड खस्नु"
To have a mountain of sorrow fall (extreme pain).
घर डढ्दा उसलाई दुःखको पहाड खस्यो।
Literary"आफ्नो हात जगन्नाथ"
Self-reliance (often used when pain teaches a lesson).
दुख्यो भने आफैंले उपचार गर्नुपर्छ।
Proverbial"घाउमा नुन छर्कनु"
To rub salt in the wound (make pain worse).
हारेको मान्छेलाई जिस्क्याएर घाउमा नुन नछर्क।
Idiomatic"आँखाको कसिङ्गर हुनु"
To be an eyesore (something that hurts to look at).
त्यो फोहर मेरो आँखाको कसिङ्गर भयो।
Idiomatic"दुःख पाउनु"
To suffer or face hardships.
अल्छीले जीवनमा दुःख पाउँछ।
Neutral어휘 가족
명사
동사
형용사
관련
암기하기
기억법
Think of 'Dukh' sounding like 'Duck'. If a 'Duck' bites you, it will 'Dukhnu' (hurt)!
시각적 연상
Imagine a red throbbing heart or a person holding their head. The word starts with 'D' for 'Discomfort'.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to name five body parts and say they hurt using 'dukhcha'. Then say they don't hurt using 'dukhdaina'.
어원
Derived from the Sanskrit word 'duḥkha' (दुःख), which means suffering, pain, or sorrow.
원래 의미: In Sanskrit, 'duḥkha' originally referred to a 'bad axle hole' in a chariot, leading to a bumpy and painful ride.
Indo-Aryan.문화적 맥락
Be careful when using 'man dukhnu' with elders; it's better to express your feelings politely rather than accusingly.
English speakers often say 'I am hurting', but in Nepali, you must say 'It is hurting me'.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
At the Doctor
- मलाई यहाँ दुख्छ।
- हिजो देखि दुख्यो।
- दुखाइ कम भएन।
- कहाँ दुख्छ?
After Exercise
- जीउ भरि दुख्यो।
- मांसपेशी दुख्यो।
- धेरै हिँडेर खुट्टा दुख्यो।
- आज दुख्दैन।
Emotional Talk
- तिम्रो कुराले मन दुख्यो।
- मलाई दुःख लाग्यो।
- उसको मन नदुखाऊ।
- दुःख नमान।
Pharmacy
- दुख्ने औषधि दिनुस्।
- दाँत दुख्यो।
- पेट दुख्दा के खाने?
- यो खाए दुख्दैन?
Workplace
- टाउको दुख्यो, बिदा पाउँ।
- कम्प्युटर हेर्दा आँखा दुख्यो।
- धेरै कामले ढाड दुख्यो।
- काम गर्दा दुख्छ।
대화 시작하기
"तपाईंको टाउको अझै दुखिरहेको छ?"
"के भयो? कहाँ दुख्यो?"
"धेरै काम गरेर ढाड दुख्यो कि?"
"यो औषधिले तपाईंको दुखाइ कम गर्यो?"
"के तिम्रो मन दुख्यो? मैले केही गलत भनेँ?"
일기 주제
आज तपाईंको शरीरको कुनै भाग दुख्यो? किन?
तपाईंलाई कसैको कुराले मन दुखेको छ? त्यसलाई कसरी समाधान गर्नुभयो?
तपाईंको देशको कुन कुराले तपाईंको मन दुख्छ?
शारीरिक दुखाइ र मानसिक दुखाइमा कुन सहन गाह्रो हुन्छ?
के तपाईंले कहिल्यै कसैलाई नदुख्ने गरी सत्य बोल्नुभएको छ?
Summary
The verb 'दुख्नु' (Dukhnu) is essential for expressing any form of pain. Remember: the body part is the subject. Example: 'Mero hat dukhcha' (My hand hurts). Don't confuse it with 'Dukhaunu' (to cause pain).
- Dukhnu is the standard Nepali verb for physical pain like headaches or stomach aches.
- It is an intransitive verb, meaning the body part itself is the subject that hurts.
- The word also carries deep emotional weight, used to express sadness or a 'hurt heart'.
- Commonly conjugated as 'dukhcha' (hurts) or 'dukhyo' (hurt) in everyday conversation.
