펀자브어 'u' 발음: 아운카르(ੁ) 및 둘란카르(ੂ)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Aunkar (ੁ) makes a short 'u' sound like 'put', while Dulankar (ੂ) makes a long 'oo' sound like 'boot'.
- Aunkar (ੁ) is a small hook under the consonant: 'ਕੁ' (ku).
- Dulankar (ੂ) is a double hook under the consonant: 'ਕੂ' (koo).
- These signs always sit directly beneath the consonant they modify.
Overview
Vowel Diacritic Formation
| Consonant | Short U (Aunkar) | Long OO (Dulankar) |
|---|---|---|
|
ਕ
|
ਕੁ
|
ਕੂ
|
|
ਸ
|
ਸੁ
|
ਸੂ
|
|
ਪ
|
ਪੁ
|
ਪੂ
|
|
ਦ
|
ਦੁ
|
ਦੂ
|
|
ਮ
|
ਮੁ
|
ਮੂ
|
|
ਨ
|
ਨੁ
|
ਨੂ
|
Meanings
These are vowel diacritics in the Gurmukhi script that represent the 'u' and 'oo' sounds.
Short U (Aunkar)
Represents the short vowel sound /ʊ/.
“ਕੁੜੀ (Kuṛī - girl)”
“ਪੁਲ (Pul - bridge)”
Long OO (Dulankar)
Represents the long vowel sound /uː/.
“ਕੂੜਾ (Kūṛā - trash)”
“ਸੂਰਜ (Sūraj - sun)”
Reference Table
| Vowel Name | Symbol | Sound Example | Punjabi Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Aunkar
|
ੁ
|
u as in 'put'
|
ਪੁਲ (Bridge)
|
|
Dulankar
|
ੂ
|
oo as in 'root'
|
ਸੂਟ (Suit)
|
|
Ura + Aunkar
|
ਉ
|
u as in 'up'
|
ਉੱਪਰ (Above)
|
|
Ura + Dulankar
|
ਊ
|
oo as in 'ooze'
|
ਊਠ (Camel)
|
|
Short U (Consonant)
|
ਕੁ
|
ku
|
ਕੁਲ (Total)
|
|
Long U (Consonant)
|
ਕੂ
|
koo
|
ਕੂਲ (Cool/Bank)
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
ਕੁੜੀ ਸੁਣ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। (Daily conversation)
ਕੁੜੀ ਸੁਣ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। (Daily conversation)
ਕੁੜੀ ਸੁਣਦੀ ਪਈ ਆ। (Daily conversation)
ਕੁੜੀ ਸੁਣਦੀ ਪਈ ਐ। (Daily conversation)
The 'U' Vowels in Punjabi
Aunkar (Short)
- ਪੁਲ Bridge
- ਖੁਸ਼ Happy
Dulankar (Long)
- ਸੂਰਜ Sun
- ਦੂਰ Far
Short vs Long U
Choosing the Right 'U'
Is the 'u' sound short (like 'put')?
Is the 'u' sound long (like 'boot')?
Common Words by Vowel
Short 'u' Words
- • ਤੁਸੀਂ
- • ਗੁਲਾਬ
- • ਭੁੱਖ
Long 'u' Words
- • ਚਾਕੂ
- • ਪੂਜਾ
- • ਰੂਪ
수준별 예문
ਕੁੜੀ
Girl
ਸੁਣ
Listen
ਪੁਲ
Bridge
ਦੂਰ
Far
ਸੂਰਜ ਗਰਮ ਹੈ।
The sun is hot.
ਉਹ ਦੂਰ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ।
He lives far away.
ਕੁੜੀ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਹੈ।
The girl is reading.
ਮੈਨੂੰ ਸੁਣੋ।
Listen to me.
ਕੂੜਾ ਬਾਹਰ ਸੁੱਟੋ।
Throw the trash outside.
ਉਹ ਬਹੁਤ ਖੁਸ਼ ਹੈ।
He is very happy.
ਪੁਸਤਕ ਮੇਜ਼ ਉੱਤੇ ਹੈ।
The book is on the table.
ਸੂਰਜ ਚੜ੍ਹ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ।
The sun is rising.
ਉਸਦੀ ਆਵਾਜ਼ ਬਹੁਤ ਮਿੱਠੀ ਹੈ।
Her voice is very sweet.
ਸਾਨੂੰ ਦੂਰ ਦੀ ਸੋਚਣੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ।
We should think long-term.
ਕੁੜੀ ਨੇ ਕਵਿਤਾ ਸੁਣਾਈ।
The girl recited a poem.
ਉਹ ਬਹੁਤ ਦੂਰ ਚਲਾ ਗਿਆ।
He went very far.
ਸੂਰਜਮੁਖੀ ਦੇ ਫੁੱਲ ਖਿੜੇ ਹਨ।
Sunflowers are blooming.
ਉਸਦੀ ਕੂੜੀ-ਮਜ਼ਾਕ ਦੀ ਆਦਤ ਹੈ।
He has a habit of joking.
ਸੁਣਨ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ ਬਹੁਤ ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੈ।
Listening power is very important.
ਦੂਰ-ਦੁਰਾਡੇ ਦੇ ਇਲਾਕੇ।
Remote areas.
ਸੂਰਜਵੰਸ਼ੀ ਰਾਜਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ।
History of the Solar dynasty kings.
ਉਸਨੇ ਸੁਣਿਆ-ਅਣਸੁਣਿਆ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ।
He ignored what he heard.
ਦੂਰਅੰਦੇਸ਼ੀ ਫੈਸਲਾ ਲਿਆ ਗਿਆ।
A far-sighted decision was taken.
ਕੂੜ-ਕਪਟ ਤੋਂ ਦੂਰ ਰਹੋ।
Stay away from deceit and fraud.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both are short vowels.
Both are long vowels.
Both are 'u' sounds.
자주 하는 실수
ਕੂੜੀ
ਕੁੜੀ
ਸੁਰਜ
ਸੂਰਜ
ਪੂਸਤਕ
ਪੁਸਤਕ
ਦੁਰ
ਦੂਰ
ਉਪਰ
ਉੱਪਰ
ਕੁੜਾ
ਕੂੜਾ
ਸੁਨ
ਸੁਣ
ਖੂਸ਼
ਖੁਸ਼
ਉਠ
ਊਠ
ਦੂਰ-ਦੁਰਾਡੇ
ਦੂਰ-ਦੁਰਾਡੇ
ਸੂਰਜਵੰਸ਼ੀ
ਸੂਰਜਵੰਸ਼ੀ
ਸੁਣਿਆ-ਅਣਸੁਣਿਆ
ਸੁਣਿਆ-ਅਣਸੁਣਿਆ
ਦੂਰਅੰਦੇਸ਼ੀ
ਦੂਰਅੰਦੇਸ਼ੀ
문장 패턴
___ ਬਹੁਤ ਦੂਰ ਹੈ।
___ ਸੁਣ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।
ਮੈਂ ___ ਸੁਣਿਆ।
___ ਸੁੱਟ ਦਿਓ।
Real World Usage
ਕੁੜੀ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਆ?
ਸੂਰਜ ਬਹੁਤ ਸੋਹਣਾ ਹੈ।
ਮੈਂ ਸੁਣਿਆ ਹੈ...
ਆਲੂ ਦੇ ਦਿਓ।
ਦੂਰ ਕਿੰਨਾ ਹੈ?
ਪੁਸਤਕ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ।
The 'Ura' Hack
ੳ. It becomes ਉ for short and ਊ for long. Don't try to use ਅ!Meaning Flip
ਸੁਰ (tune) and ਸੂਰ (pig). Mixing up Aunkar and Dulankar here can turn a compliment into an insult!Spelling Variations
Smart Tips
Say the word out loud to check vowel length.
Look at the number of hooks.
Check if you need a vowel carrier.
Compare with similar words.
발음
Aunkar
Short, clipped sound.
Dulankar
Long, sustained sound.
Falling
ਸੂਰਜ ↓
Statement of fact.
암기하기
기억법
Aunkar is a single hook for a short look; Dulankar is a double hook for a long book.
시각적 연상
Imagine a single hook catching a small fish (short 'u') and a double hook catching a big, long fish (long 'oo').
Rhyme
One hook is short, two hooks are long, get them right and you can't go wrong.
Story
A girl (kuṛī) went to the sun (sūraj). She was short (aunkar) and the sun was far (dūr - long).
Word Web
챌린지
Write 5 words using Aunkar and 5 using Dulankar in your notebook today.
문화 노트
Standard pronunciation is used in the Majha region.
Vowel length is often slightly different.
Very clear vowel distinction.
Derived from Brahmi scripts.
대화 시작하기
ਕੁੜੀ ਕੀ ਕਰ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ?
ਸੂਰਜ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹੈ?
ਤੁਸੀਂ ਖੁਸ਼ ਕਿਉਂ ਹੋ?
ਕੂੜਾ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਸੁੱਟਣਾ ਹੈ?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
ਦ___ਰ
Select the correct spelling for 'Khush':
Find and fix the mistake:
ਸੁਰਜ ਬਹੁਤ ਚਮਕ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ।
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesਕ_ੜੀ (Girl)
Which word means sun?
Find and fix the mistake:
ਕੂੜੀ (Girl)
ਕੁੜਾ -> ?
ਕੁੜੀ / ਦੂਰ
ਸੂਰਜ / ਦੂਰ / ਹੈ
Aunkar is a long vowel.
A: ਕੀ ਇਹ ਦੂਰ ਹੈ? B: ___
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesਕ___ਲਚਾ
Milk
ਗਰਮ / ਸੂਰਜ / ਹੈ
Match the following:
Choose the correct character:
ਸਕੁਲ
ਕ___ਲ
You
Select the correct word:
ਪੁਜਾ
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Aunkar is a diacritic for a short 'u' sound.
Dulankar is a diacritic for a long 'oo' sound.
It goes under the consonant.
Only with a vowel carrier.
Yes, it is very common.
You likely confused the length.
Bihari is 'ee', this is 'u'.
Yes, it is standard.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
U
Length matters in Punjabi.
U/OU
French uses letters, Punjabi uses diacritics.
U
German uses letters, Punjabi uses diacritics.
U
Japanese is mora-timed.
Damma
Arabic is written right-to-left.
U
Punjabi is not tonal.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Related Grammar Rules
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