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B1 verb 10분 분량

biodegradar

예시
설명 biodegradar in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word biodegradar very often, but it is good to recognize it. Think of it as a special way to say 'to disappear in nature.' When you see a green leaf on the ground, after some time, it disappears because it is eaten by tiny bugs and turns into dirt. That is what biodegradar means. It is a long word, but it is made of two parts: 'bio' (which means life or nature) and 'degradar' (which means to break down). You might see this word on a shopping bag in a supermarket in Portugal or Brazil. If the bag says it can biodegradar, it means it is good for the Earth. At this level, just remember that it is a positive word for the environment. You can compare it to 'limpar' (to clean) nature. Even though it is a big word, it follows the same rules as simple verbs like 'falar' (to speak) or 'comer' (to eat - though it ends in -ar). Don't worry about all the grammar yet; just know it is about nature recycling things.
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At the A2 level, you can start using biodegradar in simple sentences about the environment. You might say 'O papel pode biodegradar' (Paper can biodegrade). This shows you understand basic properties of materials. It is a regular verb, so you can conjugate it in the present tense: 'Eu biodegrado' (I biodegrade - though people don't usually say this about themselves!), 'Isso biodegrada' (That biodegrades). You will mostly use it in the third person (it/they). You should also know the adjective 'biodegradável' (biodegradable), which is very common on product packaging. If you are talking about garbage (lixo), you can explain that food waste is good because it can biodegradar, while plastic is bad because it cannot. Using this word helps you sound more advanced than just using 'morrer' (to die) or 'desaparecer' (to disappear) when talking about organic things in nature. It is a useful word for basic conversations about being 'green' or 'eco-friendly'.
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At the B1 level, you should be able to use biodegradar to discuss environmental issues and sustainability in more detail. You understand that it is a biological process. You should be comfortable using it with modal verbs: 'Precisamos de materiais que consigam biodegradar rapidamente' (We need materials that can biodegrade quickly). You also start to use the reflexive form biodegradar-se, which is very common: 'Muitos produtos químicos não se biodegradam' (Many chemical products do not biodegrade). This level requires you to understand the difference between this word and 'reciclar' (to recycle). You can participate in a discussion about waste management and explain why composting is important because it allows organic matter to biodegradar. You can also use it in the past tense to describe experiments or observations: 'A madeira biodegradou-se em poucos anos' (The wood biodegraded in a few years). Your vocabulary is now rich enough to handle the scientific nuance of this term.
At the B2 level, you use biodegradar with precision in technical and social contexts. You can explain the conditions required for something to biodegradar, such as 'biodegradação aeróbica' (aerobic biodegradation). You understand that the verb can be used to describe the action of microorganisms: 'As bactérias têm a capacidade de biodegradar poluentes complexos' (Bacteria have the ability to biodegrade complex pollutants). You can also use the word in more abstract or metaphorical ways in debates about the lifecycle of products. You are aware of the subtle differences between biodegradar, decompor, and desintegrar. In writing, you can use the word in complex sentence structures, including the conditional: 'Se o plástico se biodegradasse mais depressa, não teríamos este problema nos oceanos' (If plastic biodegraded faster, we wouldn't have this problem in the oceans). You are capable of reading scientific articles or news reports in Portuguese that use this term and its derivatives without difficulty.
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At the C1 level, biodegradar is a tool for professional and academic discourse. You can discuss the biochemical pathways involved when substances biodegradam. You use the word in formal reports, environmental impact assessments, and high-level debates. You are sensitive to the register of the word, knowing when to use the verb and when to use the noun 'biodegradação' or the noun 'biodegradabilidade' (biodegradability). You can critique the 'greenwashing' of companies that claim their products biodegradam when they actually only fragment into microplastics. Your use of the verb is fluent, and you can handle complex pronominal placements (mesoclisis in very formal European Portuguese, though rare for this verb, or complex enclisis/proclisis). You can use the word to discuss bioremediation: 'A técnica de fitorremediação ajuda a biodegradar metais pesados no solo' (Phytoremediation technique helps to biodegrade heavy metals in the soil). You have a deep understanding of the word's etymology and its place within the wider lexical field of ecology.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of biodegradar is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker or a specialist in the field. You can use the word with total flexibility, perhaps even in literary or highly rhetorical contexts where the 'biodegrading' of ideas or social structures is used as a metaphor for natural decay and rebirth. You understand all the nuances of its usage across different Lusophone countries (Portugal, Brazil, Angola, etc.) and can adapt your speech accordingly. You can lead seminars on sustainable chemistry where biodegradar is a central concept. You are able to interpret and translate complex scientific texts involving this term with perfect accuracy. You might even use the word to discuss the philosophy of nature, where the ability of things to biodegradar is seen as a fundamental law of existence. Your command of the verb includes all its rare forms and its integration into the most sophisticated grammatical structures of the Portuguese language.
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예시
The Portuguese verb biodegradar is a technical yet increasingly common term used to describe the biological process where organic substances are broken down by living organisms, primarily microorganisms like bacteria and fungi, into simpler, non-toxic substances such as water, carbon dioxide, and biomass. In the modern era of environmental consciousness, this word has moved from scientific laboratories into everyday conversation, particularly when discussing sustainability, waste management, and the lifecycle of consumer products. When you use biodegradar, you are highlighting a natural recycling process that prevents the accumulation of waste in the environment. Unlike mechanical breaking down, which might just result in smaller pieces of the same material (like microplastics), the act of biodegrading implies a chemical change facilitated by life itself. This word is essential for anyone living in a Portuguese-speaking country who wants to participate in discussions about ecology, shopping for eco-friendly products, or understanding local waste disposal regulations. It is frequently encountered on product packaging, in news reports regarding environmental policy, and in educational settings. Understanding this verb allows a speaker to distinguish between materials that are 'permanent' pollutants and those that return to the earth.
Scientific Context
In microbiology, to biodegradar involves the enzymatic pathways of microbes that metabolize complex molecules into energy and simpler building blocks.

Esta embalagem de amido de milho consegue biodegradar em apenas noventa dias numa composteira industrial.

Everyday Usage
People use it to describe kitchen scraps, paper, or specially designed bioplastics that do not harm the nature after disposal.

Muitos polímeros sintéticos levam séculos para se biodegradar completamente no oceano.

Environmental Impact
The capacity of a substance to biodegradar determines its ecological footprint and suitability for a circular economy.

É fundamental que os novos materiais têxteis possam biodegradar sem libertar substâncias tóxicas.

O papel higiénico foi desenhado para se biodegradar rapidamente nas redes de esgoto.

Precisamos de incentivar o uso de produtos que consigam biodegradar de forma eficiente em aterros sanitários.

In summary, biodegradar is the linguistic bridge between human consumption and natural recovery. It signifies hope for a cleaner planet where our waste does not outlive our civilizations. It is a verb of transformation, turning the 'useless' back into the 'useful' through the invisible work of nature's smallest workers.
Using biodegradar correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a regular first-conjugation verb ending in -ar. It can be used in an active sense, where a material is the subject that performs the action of breaking down, or in a pronominal form (biodegradar-se) to emphasize the process happening to the material itself. Because it is a process that takes time, you will often find it paired with temporal expressions or modal verbs like poder (can), conseguir (to manage to), or levar tempo para (to take time to). For example, when talking about plastics, one might say 'O plástico não se biodegrada facilmente,' emphasizing the difficulty of the process. In more technical writing, the active voice is common: 'Certas bactérias conseguem biodegradar hidrocarbonetos.' This highlights the agent of the decomposition.
Active Voice (The Agent)
When the subject is the microorganism or the environment doing the work.

Os fungos do solo ajudam a biodegradar a matéria orgânica morta.

Reflexive Usage (The Process)
Common in general statements about materials and their properties.

O algodão puro costuma biodegradar-se muito mais depressa do que o poliéster.

Quanto tempo demora o vidro a biodegradar? Na verdade, o vidro não se biodegrada.

Future Intentions
Using the future tense to predict environmental outcomes.

Se enterrarmos estes restos de comida, eles vão biodegradar e nutrir a terra.

A ciência procura formas de fazer com que o plástico se possa biodegradar em água salgada.

É impressionante como a natureza consegue biodegradar quase tudo o que é natural.

When writing, ensure the agreement between the subject and the verb. Since many discussions about biodegrading involve large quantities or categories of items, plural forms like biodegradam are frequent. For example: 'Os resíduos orgânicos biodegradam-se na composteira.' This structure is professional and clear. In more formal reports, you might use the noun form biodegradação, but the verb biodegradar is more dynamic for describing actions and potential capabilities of materials.
You will encounter biodegradar in several specific contexts in the Lusophone world. Firstly, in retail and supermarkets, especially in Portugal and Brazil where environmental laws are becoming stricter. You will see it on the labels of trash bags, disposable cutlery, and shopping bags. Cashiers might mention it when explaining why a bag costs more (e.g., 'Esta mala é feita de material que se pode biodegradar'). Secondly, it is a staple in television news and documentaries focused on the Amazon rainforest, ocean pollution, or urban sustainability. Experts interviewed will use biodegradar to explain the impact of human waste on ecosystems. Thirdly, in school and university settings, it is a key term in biology and chemistry classes. Students learn about the 'tempo de biodegradação' (biodegradation time) of various objects.
Product Labels
Commonly found in the 'Eco' or 'Green' section of stores.

Procure o selo que garante que a embalagem pode biodegradar em condições domésticas.

Environmental Activism
Used during protests or awareness campaigns about plastic pollution.

Não podemos continuar a usar materiais que levam mil anos para biodegradar.

O documentário explica como as bactérias marinhas tentam biodegradar o petróleo após um derrame.

Government Policy
Discussed in city council meetings regarding waste treatment plants.

A nova lei exige que todos os sacos de lixo orgânico consigam biodegradar totalmente.

Ao usar adubo natural, a palha vai biodegradar e enriquecer o solo do seu jardim.

Os cientistas descobriram uma enzima que pode biodegradar garrafas PET em tempo recorde.

Furthermore, in the corporate world, CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) reports from Portuguese and Brazilian companies frequently mention their efforts to use materials that biodegradam efficiently. It is a word that signals modernity and responsibility. If you are attending a conference on technology or the environment in Lisbon or São Paulo, you will hear this word dozens of times a day. It is part of the essential vocabulary for the 21st-century global citizen speaking Portuguese.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with biodegradar is confusing it with simpler verbs like decompor or apodrecer. While they are related, biodegradar specifically implies the action of biological agents. You wouldn't say a rock 'biodegrada' (it erodes or weathers), and you wouldn't say a digital file 'biodegrada' (it might corrupt). Another common error is grammatical: forgetting the reflexive 'se' when it is needed. In Portuguese, when a material is doing the action to itself naturally, we often say 'o material se biodegrada.' Without the 'se', it can sometimes sound like the material is actively biodegrading something else. Additionally, learners often struggle with the spelling, sometimes adding an extra 'i' or 'e' (like 'bio-degradar' with a hyphen, which is incorrect in modern Portuguese orthography).
Mistake: Wrong Subject
Using the word for non-biological processes.

Incorreto: A montanha vai biodegradar com a chuva. (Correto: A montanha vai sofrer erosão).

Mistake: Missing Reflexive
Leaving out 'se' in Brazilian Portuguese or European Portuguese when describing the material's property.

Incorreto: O plástico não biodegrada. (Melhor: O plástico não se biodegrada).

Muitos alunos escrevem 'biodegradar' com hífen, mas a regra atual dita que se escreve tudo junto.

Mistake: Confusing with 'Dissolver'
Thinking that because something disappears in water, it has biodegraded.

O sal dissolve-se na água, mas não se pode dizer que o sal vai biodegradar.

Não confunda biodegradar (v.) com biodegradável (adj.). Use o verbo para ações e o adjetivo para qualidades.

Evite dizer que algo 'foi biodegradado' (passiva) se puder usar 'biodegradou-se' (reflexiva), que soa mais natural.

Finally, avoid overusing the word in informal contexts where 'estragar' (to spoil) or 'apodrecer' (to rot) is more appropriate. If you're talking about a sandwich left in your bag, 'biodegradar' sounds too scientific—almost like you're conducting a lab experiment on your lunch. Use it when the environmental or scientific aspect is relevant.
To enrich your Portuguese vocabulary, it is helpful to know words that are similar to biodegradar but have slightly different nuances. The most common alternative is decompor. While decompor is a general term for breaking down into parts (which can be chemical or physical), biodegradar always implies a biological agent. Another word is apodrecer, which usually refers to the rotting of food or organic matter and often has a negative connotation of smelling bad or being useless. Then there is desintegrar, which suggests falling apart into very small pieces, often physically. In a more technical sense, mineralizar is used when organic matter is completely broken down into inorganic minerals.
Biodegradar vs. Decompor
Biodegradar is always biological; Decompor can be any type of breakdown.

A luz solar pode decompor o plástico, mas apenas os micróbios o podem biodegradar.

Biodegradar vs. Apodrecer
Apodrecer is informal and often implies a foul smell; Biodegradar is scientific and neutral.

A maçã começou a apodrecer na fruteira; no solo, ela vai biodegradar e virar adubo.

Em vez de esperar que os restos de relva se consigam biodegradar sozinhos, vamos compostá-los.

Biodegradar vs. Reciclar
Reciclar involves human industrial processing; Biodegradar is a natural biological process.

Podemos reciclar o alumínio infinitamente, mas ele nunca se irá biodegradar.

O objetivo é biotransformar os resíduos antes que eles comecem a biodegradar de forma anaeróbica.

Muitas vezes, o termo 'metabolizar' é usado por biólogos como sinónimo de biodegradar.

Understanding these distinctions helps you choose the right word for the right situation. If you are writing a formal essay on the environment, biodegradar and decomposição are your best friends. If you are talking to a neighbor about why their garden smells, apodrecer or fermentar might be more accurate. By mastering these synonyms, you show a deeper grasp of the nuances of the Portuguese language.
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수준별 예문

1

O papel pode biodegradar.

Paper can biodegrade.

Simple subject + modal verb + infinitive.

2

A maçã vai biodegradar no jardim.

The apple is going to biodegrade in the garden.

Future with 'ir' + infinitive.

3

Folhas de árvore biodegradam.

Tree leaves biodegrade.

Present tense, third person plural.

4

O plástico não consegue biodegradar.

Plastic cannot biodegrade.

Negative sentence with 'conseguir'.

5

Isto é bom para biodegradar.

This is good for biodegrading.

Preposition 'para' + infinitive.

6

A comida biodegrada depressa.

Food biodegrades fast.

Adverb 'depressa' modifying the verb.

7

Nós ajudamos a natureza a biodegradar.

We help nature to biodegrade.

Verb 'ajudar' + 'a' + infinitive.

8

O lixo orgânico vai biodegradar.

Organic waste will biodegrade.

Subject-verb agreement with 'lixo'.

1

Muitos materiais naturais se biodegradam facilmente.

Many natural materials biodegrade easily.

Reflexive 'se' used with plural subject.

2

Quanto tempo leva para o cartão biodegradar?

How long does it take for cardboard to biodegrade?

Interrogative sentence with 'levar tempo para'.

3

O vidro nunca se biodegrada no mar.

Glass never biodegrades in the sea.

Negative adverb 'nunca' + reflexive verb.

4

As bactérias ajudam a biodegradar os restos.

Bacteria help to biodegrade the remains.

Plural subject performing the action.

5

Eu vi o lixo biodegradar na composteira.

I saw the trash biodegrade in the composter.

Perception verb 'ver' + object + infinitive.

6

Este saco é especial porque pode biodegradar.

This bag is special because it can biodegrade.

Conjunction 'porque' introducing a clause.

7

As plantas precisam de terra para se biodegradar.

Plants need soil to biodegrade.

Reflexive infinitive after a preposition.

8

Se molharmos o papel, ele vai biodegradar mais rápido.

If we wet the paper, it will biodegrade faster.

Conditional 'se' + future construction.

1

É importante que o lixo se possa biodegradar sem poluir.

It is important that the waste can biodegrade without polluting.

Subjunctive mood after 'é importante que'.

2

Alguns plásticos modernos já conseguem biodegradar-se no solo.

Some modern plastics already manage to biodegrade in the soil.

Reflexive pronoun after the infinitive (EU style).

3

A empresa quer que as suas embalagens biodegradem em um ano.

The company wants its packaging to biodegrade in one year.

Present subjunctive 'biodegradem'.

4

Se não biodegradar, o objeto ficará aqui para sempre.

If it doesn't biodegrade, the object will stay here forever.

Future subjunctive 'biodegradar' in a condition.

5

Antigamente, as pessoas não sabiam como os materiais se biodegradavam.

In the past, people didn't know how materials biodegraded.

Imperfect indicative 'biodegradavam'.

6

A investigação foca-se em como biodegradar resíduos tóxicos.

The research focuses on how to biodegrade toxic waste.

Infinitive used as a noun phrase.

7

O pano de algodão biodegradou-se completamente após seis meses.

The cotton cloth biodegraded completely after six months.

Preterite indicative 'biodegradou-se'.

8

Não basta ser natural, tem de biodegradar de forma segura.

It's not enough to be natural, it has to biodegrade safely.

Modal phrase 'tem de' + infinitive.

1

A biodegradação ocorre quando os microrganismos começam a biodegradar a matéria.

Biodegradation occurs when microorganisms begin to biodegrade the matter.

Relationship between noun and verb forms.

2

Duvido que este tipo de polímero se consiga biodegradar no oceano.

I doubt that this type of polymer can biodegrade in the ocean.

Subjunctive after 'duvido que'.

3

O processo de biodegradar requer humidade e temperatura adequadas.

The process of biodegrading requires adequate humidity and temperature.

Infinitive used as the subject of the sentence.

4

Embora pareça papel, este material leva décadas a biodegradar.

Although it looks like paper, this material takes decades to biodegrade.

Concessive 'embora' + subjunctive.

5

Os engenheiros procuram enzimas capazes de biodegradar o PET.

Engineers are looking for enzymes capable of biodegrading PET.

Adjective 'capazes de' + infinitive.

6

Ao biodegradar-se, a substância liberta nutrientes essenciais.

Upon biodegrading, the substance releases essential nutrients.

Gerundial 'ao' + infinitive + reflexive.

7

Caso a embalagem não se biodegrade, teremos de a reciclar mecanicamente.

In case the packaging doesn't biodegrade, we will have to recycle it mechanically.

Conditional 'caso' + subjunctive.

8

A taxa à qual os materiais biodegradam varia conforme o clima.

The rate at which materials biodegrade varies according to the climate.

Relative clause 'à qual'.

1

A capacidade de certos fungos de biodegradar lignina é fundamental para a floresta.

The ability of certain fungi to biodegrade lignin is fundamental for the forest.

Technical vocabulary (lignina) and complex noun phrases.

2

É imperativo que as indústrias adotem materiais que se biodegradem aerobicamente.

It is imperative that industries adopt materials that biodegrade aerobically.

Formal 'é imperativo que' + subjunctive.

3

O estudo analisa a rapidez com que os hidrocarbonetos se podem biodegradar em águas frias.

The study analyzes the speed with which hydrocarbons can biodegrade in cold waters.

Abstract noun 'rapidez' with relative clause.

4

Não obstante a sua origem natural, a lã pode demorar a biodegradar se for tratada quimicamente.

Notwithstanding its natural origin, wool can take time to biodegrade if chemically treated.

Concessive 'não obstante' + complex condition.

5

A biotecnologia visa otimizar microrganismos para biodegradar plásticos de engenharia.

Biotechnology aims to optimize microorganisms to biodegrade engineering plastics.

Purpose clause with 'para'.

6

Instaurou-se uma política para que todos os resíduos urbanos se biodegradem em aterros controlados.

A policy was established so that all urban waste biodegrades in controlled landfills.

Passive voice 'instaurou-se' and purpose 'para que'.

7

A eficácia com que estas bactérias biodegradam o petróleo é surpreendente.

The efficiency with which these bacteria biodegrade oil is surprising.

Relative structure 'a eficácia com que'.

8

A menos que o material se biodegrade totalmente, não será certificado como ecológico.

Unless the material biodegrades totally, it will not be certified as ecological.

Conditional 'a menos que' + subjunctive.

1

A obsolescência programada contrasta com a necessidade de materiais que se biodegradem perfeitamente.

Planned obsolescence contrasts with the need for materials that biodegrade perfectly.

High-level socio-economic vocabulary.

2

Sob condições anaeróbicas, a matéria orgânica pode tardar a biodegradar, libertando metano.

Under anaerobic conditions, organic matter can delay biodegrading, releasing methane.

Technical environmental description.

3

O filósofo argumenta que a nossa cultura deveria biodegradar as suas velhas ideias para florescer.

The philosopher argues that our culture should biodegrade its old ideas to flourish.

Metaphorical usage of the verb.

4

A complexidade molecular do poliestireno impede que os agentes biológicos o consigam biodegradar.

The molecular complexity of polystyrene prevents biological agents from being able to biodegrade it.

Scientific precision in subject and object.

5

Preconiza-se o desenvolvimento de polímeros que se biodegradem mediante estímulos específicos.

The development of polymers that biodegrade through specific stimuli is advocated.

Formal 'preconiza-se' and 'mediante'.

6

A resiliência de certos poluentes deve-se à sua incapacidade de se biodegradar no ecossistema.

The resilience of certain pollutants is due to their inability to biodegrade in the ecosystem.

Causal structure 'deve-se a'.

7

Urge fomentar a investigação sobre como biodegradar microplásticos em larga escala.

It is urgent to promote research on how to biodegrade microplastics on a large scale.

Formal 'urge' + infinitive.

8

A simbiose entre fungos e bactérias permite biodegradar compostos que seriam outrora indestrutíveis.

The symbiosis between fungi and bacteria allows for the biodegradation of compounds that were once indestructible.

Complex subject and temporal adverb 'outrora'.

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