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A2 verb #1,500 가장 일반적인 15분 분량

jogar fora

상위 1,500

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 jogar fora 30초 만에

설명 jogar fora in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just beginning your journey into the Portuguese language. The phrase 'jogar fora' is one of the most practical and immediate expressions you can learn because it relates to daily survival and basic household management. When you are at this stage, you do not need to worry about complex conjugations or metaphorical meanings. You simply need to know that when you have a piece of trash, an empty bottle, or a dirty napkin, this is the phrase you use to say you are putting it in the garbage. To use it effectively, you should memorize the first-person present tense: 'Eu jogo fora' (I throw away). You can pair this with simple vocabulary words you are already learning, such as 'o lixo' (the trash), 'o papel' (the paper), or 'a garrafa' (the bottle). For example, 'Eu jogo o lixo fora' is a perfect, complete sentence for a beginner. You should also learn the basic command form, 'jogue fora', which you can use if you need to ask someone else to dispose of something. At this level, do not worry about where exactly to place the object in the sentence; putting it at the very end is always safe and understood. Focus on the pronunciation, ensuring that the 'o' in 'fora' is open, like the 'aw' in the English word 'law'. By mastering this simple phrase, you gain a significant tool for navigating everyday life in a Portuguese-speaking environment, whether you are staying in a hotel, eating at a restaurant, or visiting a friend's house. It is a building block that will eventually lead to more complex sentence structures.

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Reaching the A2 level means you are becoming more comfortable with everyday interactions and can describe routines and past events. At this stage, your use of 'jogar fora' should expand beyond the simple present tense. You need to start using it in the past tense to describe things you have already done. The preterite perfect tense is crucial here: 'eu joguei fora' (I threw away), 'você jogou fora' (you threw away), and 'nós jogamos fora' (we threw away). This allows you to tell simple stories or report on chores you have completed, such as 'Ontem, eu joguei fora as revistas velhas' (Yesterday, I threw away the old magazines). Additionally, you should begin to use the phrase with modal verbs like 'precisar' (to need) or 'querer' (to want). Saying 'Eu preciso jogar fora este sapato' (I need to throw away this shoe) shows a higher level of grammatical competence than just using the basic present tense. You should also start noticing the difference between placing the object in the middle of the phrase versus at the end. While both are correct, experimenting with 'jogar o lixo fora' versus 'jogar fora o lixo' will help you develop a more natural rhythm in your speech. At the A2 level, you are still primarily using the phrase in its literal sense—discarding physical objects—but your ability to manipulate the timing and structure of the sentence is growing, making your Portuguese sound much more fluid and natural to native speakers.

At the B1 level, you are crossing the threshold into intermediate proficiency. You can handle most situations likely to arise while traveling and can enter unprepared into conversations on familiar topics. Now, your understanding of 'jogar fora' must deepen. You should be completely comfortable with all basic tenses, including the imperfect ('eu jogava fora' - I used to throw away) and the future ('eu vou jogar fora' or 'eu jogarei fora'). More importantly, this is the level where you begin to explore the metaphorical uses of the phrase. You are no longer just throwing away trash; you are throwing away opportunities, time, and money. You can construct sentences like 'Ele jogou fora uma grande oportunidade de emprego' (He threw away a great job opportunity). This metaphorical usage is incredibly common in everyday conversation and shows that you are moving beyond literal translations. Furthermore, at the B1 level, you should be aware of the regional differences, particularly if you are exposed to European Portuguese, where 'deitar fora' is the standard equivalent. You should also start practicing the use of direct object pronouns, even if informally. In Brazil, you might say 'Vou jogar ele fora' (I will throw it away), while recognizing that the grammatically correct written form is 'Vou jogá-lo fora'. This awareness of the gap between spoken and written Portuguese is a key characteristic of a B1 learner, allowing you to adapt your language to the appropriate context.

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As a B2 learner, you possess a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. Your use of 'jogar fora' should now be sophisticated and nuanced. You are expected to use the phrase effortlessly in complex sentences involving subordinate clauses and conditional moods. For example, you might say, 'Se eu soubesse que a comida estava estragada, eu a teria jogado fora mais cedo' (If I had known the food was spoiled, I would have thrown it away earlier). Notice the use of the compound conditional tense. At this level, you must also master the formal use of object pronouns. While you know that Brazilians say 'jogar ele fora' in casual speech, you must be able to write 'jogá-lo fora' correctly in essays, emails, or formal reports. You should also be fully comfortable using synonyms like 'descartar' to vary your vocabulary and avoid repetition, especially in professional or academic contexts. Your comprehension of the phrase in fast-paced native media—such as movies, news broadcasts, and podcasts—should be excellent. You can pick up on the emotional undertones when someone talks about 'jogar a vida fora' (throwing one's life away) and understand the cultural context behind such dramatic statements. At B2, the phrase is a fully integrated part of your active vocabulary, used with precision and grammatical accuracy across a wide range of topics and situations.

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At the C1 level, you can express yourself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. You use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes. Your mastery of 'jogar fora' is absolute, but your focus shifts to stylistic choices and idiomatic mastery. You understand that while 'jogar fora' is perfectly acceptable, there are times when a more precise or evocative word is required. You can seamlessly switch between 'jogar fora', 'descartar', 'livrar-se de', and 'rejeitar' depending on the exact shade of meaning you wish to convey. You are adept at using the phrase in highly complex grammatical structures, including the passive voice and the personal infinitive. For instance, 'O fato de eles terem jogado fora os documentos originais causou um grande problema legal' (The fact of them having thrown away the original documents caused a major legal problem). You also understand the subtle sociolinguistic markers associated with the phrase. You know when it sounds too informal for a business meeting and when using a formal synonym might sound pretentious in a casual setting. Furthermore, you can play with the language, perhaps using the phrase ironically or sarcastically. Your understanding of Portuguese is deep enough that you no longer translate from English; you think directly in Portuguese, and 'jogar fora' is naturally retrieved from your mental lexicon exactly when needed, with all its cultural and emotional connotations intact.

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At the C2 level, you have achieved near-native proficiency. You can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read, and you can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Your relationship with the phrase 'jogar fora' is identical to that of an educated native speaker. You are aware of its etymological roots, its historical usage, and its presence in classic and contemporary Portuguese literature. You can analyze how the concept of 'throwing away' reflects broader societal attitudes towards consumerism, waste, and environmentalism in Lusophone cultures. You might write a complex academic paper discussing the 'cultura do descarte' (throwaway culture) and use the phrase 'jogar fora' alongside highly technical vocabulary without breaking the flow or tone of the text. You are completely comfortable with the most obscure regional variations and slang terms related to disposal. You can effortlessly correct the subtle mistakes of lower-level learners, explaining not just the grammatical rules, but the intuitive reasons why a certain phrasing sounds 'off'. At this pinnacle of language learning, 'jogar fora' is not just a vocabulary item to be memorized; it is a microscopic lens through which you can examine the mechanics, the beauty, and the cultural depth of the Portuguese language.

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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

jogar fora 30초 만에

Literally means to throw in the trash.
Used for discarding unwanted physical objects.
Metaphorically means to waste an opportunity.
A very common, everyday Portuguese expression.

The Portuguese expression jogar fora is a fundamental phrasal verb that translates directly to the English action of throwing something away, discarding it, or disposing of it. In its literal sense, it involves taking an object that is no longer useful, wanted, or functional, and placing it in the trash or removing it from one's possession. The verb jogar typically means to play or to throw, while the adverb fora means outside or out. When combined, they create a powerful and universally understood concept of disposal. This phrase is deeply embedded in everyday Portuguese conversation, used across all demographics, regions, and social classes. Whether you are cleaning your house, organizing your workspace, or deciding what to do with spoiled food, this is the exact phrase you will need. Understanding how to use this expression correctly is crucial for achieving fluency, as it appears in both highly informal contexts and relatively formal situations, though extremely formal writing might prefer single-word equivalents like descartar. The beauty of this expression lies in its versatility. You can use it for physical objects, such as an old pair of shoes or a broken television, but you can also use it metaphorically. For instance, you might hear someone talk about throwing away an opportunity, throwing away a relationship, or throwing away money. This metaphorical extension makes it a rich and dynamic part of the Portuguese vocabulary.

Literal Usage: Used when physically placing an item into a garbage receptacle or removing it from a physical space because it is considered waste.
Metaphorical Usage: Used when describing the act of wasting something intangible, such as time, talent, money, or a rare opportunity, often carrying a tone of regret or criticism.
Emotional Context: Can convey frustration when someone discards something valuable, or relief when getting rid of clutter and unnecessary burdens.

When you are learning Portuguese, mastering the conjugation of the main verb is your primary task. Since jogar is a regular verb ending in -ar, it follows the standard conjugation patterns for the vast majority of tenses. The word fora remains completely invariable; it never changes its form regardless of who is doing the throwing or when the action takes place. This makes it relatively easy for English speakers to adopt, as it mirrors the structure of English phrasal verbs like throw away or toss out. However, you must pay attention to the placement of object pronouns if you are using them. In spoken Brazilian Portuguese, people often place the object before the verb or use the subject pronoun as an object, whereas in European Portuguese, the pronoun often attaches to the verb. Regardless of the regional variation, the core meaning remains absolutely identical.

Eu decidi jogar fora todas as roupas que não uso mais para ter mais espaço no meu armário.

Não vá jogar fora essa oportunidade incrível de trabalhar no exterior.

Ele acabou de jogar fora o jantar porque a comida estava estragada.

Nós precisamos jogar fora esses papéis antigos antes que a fiscalização chegue.

Você vai jogar fora o seu futuro se continuar tomando essas decisões ruins.

Constructing sentences with this expression requires a solid grasp of basic Portuguese sentence structure, specifically the subject-verb-object order. Because it is a transitive verb phrase, it almost always requires a direct object. You cannot simply say that you are throwing away without specifying what is being thrown away, unless the context is overwhelmingly obvious from the previous sentence. The direct object can be placed immediately after the entire phrase, or it can be placed between the verb and the adverb, though the former is significantly more common in modern Portuguese. For example, saying 'jogar o lixo fora' and 'jogar fora o lixo' are both grammatically correct and widely used, but the rhythm of the sentence often dictates which one a native speaker will choose. In shorter sentences, placing the object in the middle feels very natural and balanced. In longer sentences with complex objects, placing the object at the end prevents the verb and the adverb from being separated by too many words, which could confuse the listener. This flexibility is one of the aspects that makes Portuguese both beautiful and sometimes challenging for learners.

Object Placement: Middle: Placing the noun between the verb and the adverb. Example: Eu vou jogar o bolo fora. This is highly common in everyday speech for short, simple nouns.
Object Placement: End: Placing the noun after the entire phrase. Example: Eu vou jogar fora todos os documentos antigos. This is preferred when the object is a long phrase.
Pronoun Replacement: When replacing the noun with a pronoun in formal Portuguese, the pronoun attaches to the verb. Example: Vou jogá-lo fora. In informal Brazilian Portuguese, it is common to hear: Vou jogar ele fora.

Another important aspect of using this phrase in sentences is understanding how it interacts with different tenses and moods. In the imperative mood, which is used for giving commands or making strong suggestions, the conjugation changes depending on whether you are speaking formally or informally. In Brazil, where 'você' is the standard second-person pronoun, the imperative form is 'jogue fora'. If you are telling someone not to do it, you say 'não jogue fora'. In Portugal, where 'tu' is widely used for informal interactions, the affirmative command is 'joga fora', and the negative command is 'não jogues fora'. This distinction is critical for sounding natural in different Portuguese-speaking regions. Furthermore, when telling stories in the past tense, you will frequently use the preterite perfect tense, such as 'eu joguei fora' (I threw away) or 'ele jogou fora' (he threw away). If you are describing a continuous or habitual action in the past, you would use the imperfect tense, such as 'eu jogava fora' (I used to throw away). Mastering these variations will allow you to express a wide range of temporal contexts accurately and confidently.

Por favor, jogue fora essas caixas vazias que estão no corredor.

Eu não acredito que você teve a coragem de jogar fora as cartas que eu te escrevi.

Sempre que a comida passa da validade, nós precisamos jogar fora imediatamente.

Ela estava tão brava que decidiu jogar fora todos os presentes do ex-namorado.

Se o computador não tem conserto, a única solução é jogar fora e comprar um novo.

You will encounter this expression in virtually every setting where Portuguese is spoken, as the concept of discarding items is a universal human activity. In domestic environments, it is a staple of daily conversation. Parents frequently use it when instructing children to clean their rooms, partners use it when discussing household chores, and roommates use it when managing shared spaces like the kitchen or the living room. For example, you might hear a mother say, 'Filho, vá jogar fora esse papel de bala' (Son, go throw away that candy wrapper). In these contexts, the phrase is entirely neutral and simply describes a necessary action to maintain cleanliness and order. It is also incredibly common in workplaces, particularly in offices where paper waste, broken equipment, or old files need to be managed. A manager might instruct an employee to discard outdated documents to make room for new ones. In retail and food service industries, the phrase is used constantly to refer to expired products, damaged goods, or leftover materials that cannot be sold or consumed. The ubiquity of the phrase means that as a learner, you will have countless opportunities to hear it and practice it in real-life situations.

Household Chores: The most common context. Discussing taking out the trash, cleaning out the refrigerator, or decluttering a bedroom.
Workplace Organization: Used when managing physical files, broken office supplies, or digital equivalents (though 'deletar' or 'apagar' is more common for digital items).
Emotional Conversations: Used metaphorically to describe ending a relationship, abandoning a project, or wasting a significant life opportunity.

Beyond the literal physical contexts, you will frequently hear this phrase in media, literature, and emotional conversations. In soap operas (novelas), which are a massive part of Brazilian and Portuguese culture, characters often use the phrase dramatically. A betrayed lover might scream that they are going to throw away all the memories of their partner, or a disappointed parent might lament that their child is throwing away their education. In sports commentary, a broadcaster might say that a team 'jogou fora' a chance to win the championship by making a critical mistake in the final minutes of the game. In financial contexts, advisors or news anchors might discuss how consumers are throwing money away on unnecessary subscriptions or bad investments. The phrase is also prevalent in environmental discussions, where activists talk about the dangers of a throwaway culture (cultura do descarte) and urge people not to throw away items that can be recycled or repurposed. This wide range of applications demonstrates that the phrase is not just a functional tool for describing waste disposal, but a versatile linguistic asset that can convey deep emotion, critical analysis, and societal commentary.

Na cozinha do restaurante, a regra é clara: se o ingrediente cheirar mal, tem que jogar fora.

O comentarista disse que o time conseguiu jogar fora a vitória nos últimos cinco minutos da partida.

Muitas pessoas costumam jogar fora roupas que poderiam facilmente ser doadas para instituições de caridade.

Durante a faxina de primavera, a família inteira se reuniu para jogar fora o que não servia mais.

Ele sentiu que estava prestes a jogar fora anos de amizade por causa de uma discussão boba.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning this phrase is attempting to translate the English phrasal verb throw away word-for-word without understanding the Portuguese structure. For instance, a learner might try to say 'atirar longe' or use the preposition 'via' instead of 'fora'. It is essential to remember that 'jogar fora' is a fixed expression. Another common error involves the placement of the adverb 'fora'. While in English you can say throw the trash away or throw away the trash, in Portuguese, you cannot place a long, complex object between the verb and the adverb without making the sentence sound incredibly awkward. For example, saying 'Eu vou jogar a caixa de papelão que estava na garagem desde o ano passado fora' is grammatically permissible but stylistically terrible. The adverb 'fora' gets lost at the end of the sentence. Instead, you should keep the verb and adverb together: 'Eu vou jogar fora a caixa de papelão que estava na garagem desde o ano passado'. This ensures clarity and maintains the natural rhythm of the language. Additionally, learners sometimes confuse 'jogar' with 'brincar' because both can translate to the English word play. However, 'brincar' means to play like a child or to joke around, and you absolutely cannot say 'brincar fora' to mean throw away. That would mean to play outside, which is a completely different concept.

Separating Verb and Adverb Too Much: Mistake: Jogar a televisão velha que quebrou ontem fora. Correction: Jogar fora a televisão velha que quebrou ontem.
Confusing with Play Outside: Mistake: Thinking 'jogar fora' means to play sports outside. While 'jogar' means to play a sport, 'jogar fora' is exclusively to throw away. To play outside is 'brincar lá fora' or 'jogar lá fora'.
Incorrect Pronoun Usage: Mistake: Eu vou jogar o fora. Correction: Eu vou jogá-lo fora (formal) or Eu vou jogar ele fora (informal Brazilian).

Another area where learners stumble is the pronunciation, specifically the vowel sounds. The 'o' in 'jogar' is closed, sounding somewhat like the 'o' in the English word go, but shorter. The 'o' in 'fora', however, is open, sounding like the 'aw' in the English word law. Pronouncing both with the same vowel sound immediately marks you as a non-native speaker. Furthermore, the 'r' in 'fora' is a flap 'r', similar to the 'tt' in the American English pronunciation of butter. It is not the hard, guttural 'r' found at the beginning of Portuguese words like 'rato'. Mispronouncing this can lead to confusion. Lastly, learners often forget that 'jogar fora' can take an indirect object when talking about throwing something away for someone else, but this requires careful preposition use. You cannot say 'jogar fora para mim' as easily as you say throw it away for me in English; it often sounds better to say 'jogar no lixo para mim'. Understanding these nuances requires active listening and practice, but avoiding these common pitfalls will significantly improve your fluency and confidence when speaking Portuguese.

Incorreto: Eu vou jogar a comida fora que está ruim. Correto: Eu vou jogar fora a comida que está ruim.

Incorreto: Não brinca isso fora. Correto: Não vá jogar fora isso.

Incorreto: Eu joguei o fora ontem. Correto: Eu joguei fora isso ontem (ou joguei-o fora).

Incorreto: Nós precisamos jogar os documentos velhos da empresa fora. Correto: Nós precisamos jogar fora os documentos velhos da empresa.

Incorreto: Ele jogou fora no lixo a garrafa. Correto: Ele decidiu jogar fora a garrafa.

While this phrase is the most common way to express the idea of throwing something away, the Portuguese language offers several excellent alternatives that can elevate your vocabulary and allow you to adapt to different levels of formality. The most direct synonym is the single verb 'descartar'. This word is slightly more formal and is frequently used in written Portuguese, official documents, medical contexts, and environmental discussions. For example, a hospital protocol will instruct staff to 'descartar' medical waste, not 'jogar fora'. Similarly, a recycling campaign might urge citizens to 'descartar corretamente' their electronics. Another very common alternative, especially in spoken Brazilian Portuguese, is 'jogar no lixo', which literally translates to throw in the trash. This is functionally identical to the main phrase and is used interchangeably in domestic settings. If you want to emphasize the act of getting rid of something permanently, you might use the reflexive verb 'livrar-se de', which translates to get rid of. This is often used when the object being discarded is a burden, such as old furniture, bad habits, or even toxic relationships. Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the perfect word for the specific situation you are in.

Descartar: A formal, single-word alternative. Best used in writing, professional environments, or when discussing waste management and environmental policies.
Jogar no lixo: An informal, highly common alternative. It specifies the destination of the item (the trash can) and is perfect for everyday household conversations.
Livrar-se de: Translates to 'get rid of'. It carries a stronger emotional weight, implying that the item was a nuisance or a burden before it was discarded.

In addition to these direct synonyms, there are related verbs that describe specific types of disposal or removal. For instance, 'eliminar' means to eliminate or eradicate, and is used for abstract concepts like errors, risks, or pests, rather than physical objects like an old shoe. The verb 'rejeitar' means to reject, which involves refusing to accept something rather than throwing away something you already own. In European Portuguese, you might also hear the verb 'deitar fora'. This is the standard equivalent in Portugal and is used exactly the same way as its Brazilian counterpart. If you are learning European Portuguese, 'deitar fora' should be your primary phrase, while 'jogar fora' will still be understood but might sound distinctly Brazilian to local ears. Knowing these regional differences is a hallmark of an advanced learner. By expanding your vocabulary to include these alternatives, you not only improve your reading comprehension but also gain the ability to express yourself with greater precision and cultural awareness.

O manual de instruções diz que devemos descartar as pilhas usadas em locais apropriados.

Eu vou jogar no lixo essas revistas velhas que estão acumulando poeira na sala.

Ela finalmente conseguiu se livrar de todas as roupas que não serviam mais.

Em Portugal, é muito mais comum ouvir as pessoas dizerem que vão deitar fora o lixo.

A empresa decidiu eliminar o uso de plásticos descartáveis em todos os seus escritórios.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

Because 'jogar' originally meant to play, Portuguese is one of the few languages where the verb for playing a sport and throwing away trash share the exact same root word. This is why you 'play' soccer (jogar futebol) and 'throw' the trash (jogar o lixo).

발음 가이드

UK /ʒuˈɣaɾ ˈfɔ.ɾɐ/

US /ʒoˈɡa(ʁ) ˈfɔ.ɾɐ/

jo-GAR FO-ra

라임이 맞는 단어

agora embora senhora demora chora adora explora ignora

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing the 'j' like the English 'j' in 'jump'. It should be a soft 'zh' sound, like the 's' in 'measure'.
Pronouncing the 'o' in 'fora' as a closed 'o' (like 'go'). It must be an open 'aw' sound.
Pronouncing the 'r' in 'fora' as a hard English 'r' or a guttural 'r'. It must be a tap 'r', like the 'tt' in 'butter'.
Failing to drop or soften the final 'r' in 'jogar' in casual Brazilian speech, which can sound overly formal.
Saying 'fora' with the stress on the last syllable. The stress is on the first syllable: FO-ra.

난이도

독해 2/5

Very easy to recognize in text. The words are common and the meaning is usually clear from the context.

쓰기 4/5

Requires knowing how to conjugate the verb 'jogar' correctly and deciding where to place the object in the sentence.

말하기 3/5

Easy to say, but learners must remember the open 'o' pronunciation in 'fora' and avoid translating 'throw' literally as 'atirar'.

듣기 3/5

In fast speech, the 'r' in 'jogar' is often dropped, making it sound like 'jogá fora', which might briefly confuse beginners.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

jogar fora lixo eu você

다음에 배울 것

descartar reciclar guardar aproveitar limpar

고급

obsolescência desperdício esbanjar dilapidar sucata

알아야 할 문법

Placement of Direct Objects with Phrasal Verbs

You can say 'jogar o lixo fora' or 'jogar fora o lixo'. Both are correct, but short objects often go in the middle.

Use of Direct Object Pronouns (Formal)

To say 'throw it away', formal Portuguese uses 'jogá-lo fora' (for masculine) or 'jogá-la fora' (for feminine).

Use of Direct Object Pronouns (Informal Brazilian)

In casual speech in Brazil, subject pronouns are used as objects: 'jogar ele fora' or 'jogar ela fora'.

Imperative Mood for Commands

To tell someone to throw something away, use 'jogue fora' (você form) or 'joga fora' (tu form).

Preterite Perfect for Completed Past Actions

To describe throwing something away yesterday, use 'joguei fora' (I threw away) or 'jogou fora' (he/she threw away).

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수준별 예문

Eu jogo o lixo fora.

I throw the trash away.

Simple present tense, first person singular.

Você joga o papel fora?

Do you throw the paper away?

Simple question in the present tense.

Nós jogamos a garrafa fora.

We throw the bottle away.

First person plural in the present tense.

Por favor, jogue isso fora.

Please, throw this away.

Formal imperative command.

Eu não jogo comida fora.

I do not throw food away.

Negative sentence in the simple present.

Ele joga a caixa fora.

He throws the box away.

Third person singular present tense.

Ela vai jogar fora o sapato.

She is going to throw away the shoe.

Immediate future using 'ir' + infinitive.

Onde eu jogo isso fora?

Where do I throw this away?

Question word 'onde' combined with the phrase.

Ontem, eu joguei fora as revistas velhas.

Yesterday, I threw away the old magazines.

Preterite perfect tense for a completed past action.

Você precisa jogar fora essa camisa rasgada.

You need to throw away that torn shirt.

Modal verb 'precisar' followed by the infinitive.

Nós jogamos fora tudo o que estava quebrado.

We threw away everything that was broken.

Preterite perfect with a relative clause.

Ela não quis jogar fora os desenhos do filho.

She didn't want to throw away her son's drawings.

Negative past tense with the verb 'querer'.

Eles vão jogar fora o sofá antigo amanhã.

They are going to throw away the old sofa tomorrow.

Future tense indicating a planned action.

Eu sempre jogava fora as cascas de maçã.

I always used to throw away the apple peels.

Imperfect tense for a habitual past action.

Por que você jogou o bolo fora?

Why did you throw the cake away?

Question in the past tense with object in the middle.

Vou jogar fora esta caneta porque não funciona.

I will throw away this pen because it doesn't work.

Cause and effect sentence structure.

Ele jogou fora uma excelente oportunidade de emprego por preguiça.

He threw away an excellent job opportunity out of laziness.

Metaphorical use of the phrase.

Se a carne cheirar mal, você deve jogá-la fora imediatamente.

If the meat smells bad, you must throw it away immediately.

Conditional 'se' clause with formal pronoun attachment.

Eu estava arrumando o quarto e decidi jogar fora várias coisas inúteis.

I was cleaning the room and decided to throw away several useless things.

Past continuous tense combined with the infinitive.

Eles acabaram de jogar fora os documentos que nós precisávamos.

They just threw away the documents that we needed.

Expression 'acabar de' for a recently completed action.

Não jogue fora o seu dinheiro comprando coisas que você não usa.

Don't throw your money away buying things you don't use.

Negative imperative with metaphorical meaning.

Acho um absurdo a quantidade de comida que os supermercados jogam fora.

I find the amount of food that supermarkets throw away absurd.

Expressing an opinion with a relative clause.

Antes de nos mudarmos, teremos que jogar fora muitos móveis velhos.

Before we move, we will have to throw away many old pieces of furniture.

Future tense with 'ter que' indicating obligation.

Ela chorou quando percebeu que tinha jogado fora a carta por engano.

She cried when she realized she had thrown away the letter by mistake.

Pluperfect (past perfect) tense indicating an action before another past action.

Se eu soubesse que o computador ainda funcionava, não o teria jogado fora.

If I had known the computer still worked, I wouldn't have thrown it away.

Imperfect subjunctive mixed with conditional perfect.

A política da empresa exige que todos os rascunhos confidenciais sejam jogados fora.

The company's policy requires that all confidential drafts be thrown away.

Passive voice in the present subjunctive.

É lamentável ver jovens talentosos jogando fora o seu potencial com más escolhas.

It is regrettable to see talented youth throwing away their potential with bad choices.

Gerund form used metaphorically.

Apesar de ter valor sentimental, chegou a hora de jogar fora essas lembranças dolorosas.

Despite having sentimental value, the time has come to throw away these painful memories.

Concessive clause with 'apesar de'.

O projeto foi um fracasso total; praticamente jogamos fora seis meses de trabalho árduo.

The project was a total failure; we practically threw away six months of hard work.

Adverbial modification of the metaphorical phrase.

Eles foram criticados por jogar fora toneladas de plástico no oceano anualmente.

They were criticized for throwing away tons of plastic into the ocean annually.

Passive voice followed by a prepositional phrase.

Para evitar o desperdício, tente reciclar os materiais em vez de simplesmente jogá-los fora.

To avoid waste, try to recycle the materials instead of simply throwing them away.

Infinitive with attached formal pronoun.

Mal ela virou as costas, ele jogou fora o presente que ela lhe dera.

Hardly had she turned her back, he threw away the gift she had given him.

Time clause with 'mal' and the literary pluperfect.

A cultura do descarte nos condicionou a jogar fora aparelhos eletrônicos ao menor sinal de defeito.

The throwaway culture has conditioned us to throw away electronic devices at the slightest sign of a defect.

Complex sociological vocabulary combined with the phrase.

É imperativo que não joguemos fora as lições aprendidas durante esta crise econômica sem precedentes.

It is imperative that we do not throw away the lessons learned during this unprecedented economic crisis.

Present subjunctive triggered by an impersonal expression.

O fato de terem jogado fora as provas cruciais comprometeu irremediavelmente a investigação policial.

The fact of them having thrown away the crucial evidence irretrievably compromised the police investigation.

Personal infinitive in a compound past form.

Longe de ser uma atitude libertadora, jogar fora o passado muitas vezes significa ignorar as próprias raízes.

Far from being a liberating attitude, throwing away the past often means ignoring one's own roots.

Infinitive used as the subject of the sentence.

Ele argumentou que, ao subsidiar indústrias obsoletas, o governo estava essencialmente jogando dinheiro fora.

He argued that, by subsidizing obsolete industries, the government was essentially throwing money away.

Reported speech with the gerund.

A menos que mudemos nossos hábitos de consumo, continuaremos a jogar fora os recursos naturais do planeta.

Unless we change our consumption habits, we will continue to throw away the planet's natural resources.

Subjunctive conjunction 'a menos que' with future indicative.

A relutância em jogar fora tradições anacrônicas tem impedido o progresso social daquela comunidade.

The reluctance to throw away anachronistic traditions has hindered the social progress of that community.

Abstract noun followed by the infinitive phrase.

Tendo jogado fora todas as suas economias no cassino, ele se viu na mais absoluta miséria.

Having thrown away all his savings at the casino, he found himself in absolute misery.

Perfect gerund indicating a completed action before the main clause.

A propensão inerente da sociedade contemporânea de jogar fora não apenas bens materiais, mas também relacionamentos interpessoais, é um sintoma de uma alienação mais profunda.

Contemporary society's inherent propensity to throw away not only material goods but also interpersonal relationships is a symptom of a deeper alienation.

Highly academic sentence structure with dual objects.

Qualquer tentativa de reformar o sistema educacional que envolva jogar fora o currículo clássico em prol de modismos pedagógicos será veementemente rechaçada pelos acadêmicos conservadores.

Any attempt to reform the educational system that involves throwing away the classical curriculum in favor of pedagogical fads will be vehemently rejected by conservative academics.

Subjunctive relative clause within a complex passive construction.

O autor constrói uma narrativa pungente sobre um homem que, no crepúsculo da vida, percebe ter jogado fora sua juventude em busca de quimeras inalcançáveis.

The author constructs a poignant narrative about a man who, in the twilight of his life, realizes he has thrown away his youth in pursuit of unattainable chimeras.

Literary vocabulary with the compound infinitive.

É de uma ironia atroz que a mesma corporação que financia campanhas de sustentabilidade seja flagrada jogando fora toneladas de efluentes tóxicos no rio adjacente.

It is of an atrocious irony that the same corporation that finances sustainability campaigns is caught throwing away tons of toxic effluents into the adjacent river.

Complex subjunctive trigger expressing irony.

A decisão de jogar fora os arquivos históricos foi vista não como um mero erro administrativo, mas como um ato deliberado de apagamento cultural.

The decision to throw away the historical archives was seen not as a mere administrative error, but as a deliberate act of cultural erasure.

Correlative conjunctions 'não... mas' contrasting interpretations.

Não se pode simplesmente jogar fora séculos de jurisprudência consolidada sob o pretexto de agilizar os trâmites burocráticos do judiciário.

One cannot simply throw away centuries of consolidated jurisprudence under the pretext of streamlining the bureaucratic procedures of the judiciary.

Impersonal 'se' construction with advanced legal terminology.

A obsolescência programada é o motor invisível que nos compele a jogar fora dispositivos perfeitamente funcionais apenas para saciar a sede de novidade do mercado.

Planned obsolescence is the invisible engine that compels us to throw away perfectly functional devices just to satisfy the market's thirst for novelty.

Advanced economic vocabulary surrounding the core phrase.

Ao deparar-se com a traição, seu primeiro instinto foi jogar fora todas as missivas trocadas, num ato de catarse que, no entanto, não aplacou sua dor.

Upon encountering the betrayal, her first instinct was to throw away all the exchanged missives, in an act of catharsis that, however, did not appease her pain.

Infinitive clause introduced by 'ao' indicating time/cause.

자주 쓰는 조합

jogar o lixo fora

jogar dinheiro fora

jogar a vida fora

jogar comida fora

jogar tudo fora

jogar a oportunidade fora

jogar o papel fora

jogar fora no lixo

vontade de jogar fora

jogar fora o que não presta

자주 쓰는 구문

Jogar dinheiro no lixo

— A variation of throwing money away. It emphasizes the absolute waste of financial resources.

Pagar por esse serviço ruim é jogar dinheiro no lixo.

Jogar conversa fora

— To make small talk or chat casually without a specific purpose. This is a very common idiom.

Nós passamos a tarde toda jogando conversa fora.

Jogar a toalha

— To give up or surrender. Derived from boxing, similar to 'throw in the towel' in English.

O projeto estava muito difícil, então ele decidiu jogar a toalha.

Jogar verde para colher maduro

— To drop a hint or ask a leading question to get someone to reveal information. Literally: throw green to harvest ripe.

Ele estava jogando verde para colher maduro e descobrir a surpresa.

Jogar sujo

— To play dirty or cheat. To act unethically to gain an advantage.

Aquele político é conhecido por jogar sujo nas eleições.

Jogar a culpa em

— To blame someone else. To throw the guilt onto another person.

Não tente jogar a culpa em mim pelo seu erro.

Jogar água no chope

— To ruin the fun or spoil a good moment. Literally: throw water in the draft beer.

A chuva jogou água no chope da nossa festa na praia.

Jogar para escanteio

— To sideline someone or ignore an issue. Derived from soccer (kicking the ball out for a corner).

Depois que o novo chefe chegou, ele foi jogado para escanteio.

Jogar na cara

— To throw something in someone's face (metaphorically). To remind someone of a favor you did or a mistake they made.

Ela sempre joga na minha cara que me ajudou no passado.

Jogar duro

— To play hardball. To be tough and uncompromising in a negotiation or situation.

O advogado decidiu jogar duro durante o acordo.

자주 혼동되는 단어

jogar fora vs Jogar

By itself, 'jogar' means to play a sport or a game. It only means 'throw away' when combined with 'fora' or 'no lixo'.

jogar fora vs Atirar

Learners often translate 'throw' to 'atirar'. While 'atirar' means to throw a projectile (like a rock or a ball), you do not 'atirar fora' trash. You 'jogar fora'.

jogar fora vs Brincar fora

Learners confuse 'play' and 'throw'. 'Brincar fora' means children playing outside in the yard. It has nothing to do with garbage.

관용어 및 표현

"Jogar conversa fora"

— To chat aimlessly, to shoot the breeze. It implies a relaxed, informal conversation with no serious goal.

Sentamos no bar apenas para jogar conversa fora.

informal

"Jogar a toalha"

— To give up completely on a task or situation. Equivalent to 'throw in the towel'.

Depois de tentar consertar o carro por horas, ele jogou a toalha.

neutral

"Jogar pérolas aos porcos"

— To cast pearls before swine. To offer something valuable to someone who cannot appreciate it.

Tentar ensinar arte para ele é jogar pérolas aos porcos.

formal

"Jogar lenha na fogueira"

— To add fuel to the fire. To make a bad situation or argument even worse.

Seus comentários sarcásticos só serviram para jogar lenha na fogueira.

neutral

"Jogar a pá de cal"

— To put the final nail in the coffin. The final action that ends or destroys something completely.

Aquele escândalo foi a pá de cal na carreira do diretor.

formal

"Jogar com a sorte"

— To push one's luck or take a risky gamble.

Viajar sem seguro de saúde é jogar com a sorte.

neutral

"Jogar no mesmo time"

— To be on the same side or have the same goals. To work together.

Não precisamos brigar, estamos jogando no mesmo time.

informal

"Jogar as cartas na mesa"

— To lay one's cards on the table. To be completely honest and transparent about one's intentions.

É hora de jogar as cartas na mesa e dizer a verdade.

neutral

"Jogar para a plateia"

— To play to the gallery. To act in a way that is intended to get approval from the public rather than doing what is right.

O discurso do prefeito foi apenas para jogar para a plateia.

neutral

"Jogar no lixo"

— While literally meaning to throw in the trash, it is used idiomatically to mean completely wasting something.

Você jogou no lixo cinco anos de faculdade para virar cantor.

informal

혼동하기 쉬운

jogar fora vs Fora

It means 'outside', so learners think 'jogar fora' means to play outside.

When combined with 'jogar', it creates a phrasal verb meaning disposal. To play outside is 'brincar lá fora' or 'jogar bola lá fora'.

As crianças estão brincando lá fora (playing outside). Eu vou jogar o lixo fora (throw away).

jogar fora vs Lixo

Learners know 'lixo' is trash, so they might say 'fazer lixo' instead of 'jogar fora'.

'Lixo' is the noun (trash). 'Jogar fora' is the verb action. You can combine them: 'jogar o lixo fora'.

O lixo está cheio. Preciso jogar fora.

jogar fora vs Descartar

It is a direct synonym, but learners might use it in overly casual situations.

'Descartar' is formal. You wouldn't normally tell your roommate to 'descartar' a banana peel; you'd say 'jogar fora'.

Vou jogar fora essa banana (casual). Favor descartar o material biológico (formal).

jogar fora vs Deitar

In Brazil, 'deitar' means to lie down. In Portugal, 'deitar fora' means to throw away.

If you are in Brazil, use 'jogar fora'. If you use 'deitar fora' in Brazil, people will understand but find it strange. In Portugal, use 'deitar fora'.

Vou deitar fora o lixo (Portugal). Vou jogar fora o lixo (Brazil).

jogar fora vs Lançar

Another translation for 'throw' or 'launch'.

'Lançar' is used for launching rockets, releasing products, or throwing things great distances. It is never used for throwing away trash.

A empresa vai lançar um novo produto. Eu vou jogar fora a embalagem.

문장 패턴

Eu jogo [objeto] fora.

Eu jogo o papel fora.

Eu vou jogar [objeto] fora.

Eu vou jogar a caixa fora.

Eu joguei [objeto] fora.

Eu joguei o lixo fora.

Eu preciso jogar fora [objeto longo].

Eu preciso jogar fora todas essas roupas velhas.

Não jogue [objeto] fora.

Não jogue a comida fora.

Se eu fosse você, eu jogaria [objeto] fora.

Se eu fosse você, eu jogaria esse sapato fora.

É um absurdo que eles joguem [objeto] fora.

É um absurdo que eles joguem tanta comida fora.

Ao invés de jogá-lo fora, [ação alternativa].

Ao invés de jogá-lo fora, decidi doá-lo para a caridade.

어휘 가족

명사

o jogo (the game/play)

o jogador (the player)

a jogada (the move/play)

o lixo (the trash - related concept)

동사

jogar (to play/throw)

rejeitar (to reject)

descartar (to discard)

형용사

jogado (thrown/abandoned)

descartável (disposable)

사용법

frequency

Extremely High. It is a core vocabulary item needed for daily life.

자주 하는 실수

Using 'atirar fora' to mean throw away. → Jogar fora.
English speakers translate 'throw' to 'atirar'. However, 'atirar' means to throw a projectile or to shoot. You must use 'jogar' for disposal.
Saying 'brincar fora' to mean throw away. → Jogar fora.
Because 'jogar' also means 'to play', learners sometimes use the other word for play, 'brincar'. 'Brincar fora' means children playing outside.
Writing 'jogar-lo fora' instead of 'jogá-lo fora'. → Jogá-lo fora.
When attaching a direct object pronoun (o, a, os, as) to a verb ending in 'r', you must drop the 'r' and add an accent to the vowel.
Placing a very long object between the verb and adverb: 'Vou jogar a televisão velha que quebrou fora'. → Vou jogar fora a televisão velha que quebrou.
While grammatically possible, separating the verb and adverb with a long phrase makes the sentence sound awkward and confusing.
Pronouncing 'fora' with a closed 'o' sound. → Pronouncing 'fora' with an open 'aw' sound.
Vowel sounds are critical in Portuguese. A closed 'o' in 'fora' sounds unnatural and marks a strong foreign accent.

팁

Object Placement Rule of Thumb

If the object is one or two words (like 'o lixo' or 'a caixa'), put it in the middle: 'jogar o lixo fora'. If it's a long description, put it at the end: 'jogar fora a caixa grande e pesada'.

The Open 'O' in Fora

Make sure you pronounce the 'o' in 'fora' like the 'aw' in 'law'. If you pronounce it like the 'o' in 'go', it sounds like a different word.

European vs. Brazilian

If you are traveling to Lisbon, switch your brain to 'deitar fora'. If you are traveling to Rio, use 'jogar fora'.

Small Talk

Memorize the phrase 'jogar conversa fora'. It's the perfect way to describe sitting at a bar with friends just chatting about nothing important.

Formal Writing Upgrade

When taking a Portuguese proficiency test, try to use 'descartar' instead of 'jogar fora' in your essays to show off a more advanced vocabulary.

Pronoun Attachment

Remember the spelling change for formal pronouns: jogar + o = jogá-lo. You drop the 'r' and add an acute accent to the 'a'.

The Disappearing 'R'

Don't be confused if Brazilians say 'Vou jogá fora'. Dropping the final 'r' of verbs is extremely common in spoken Brazilian Portuguese.

Wasting Money

Use 'jogar dinheiro fora' to complain about bad purchases. It's exactly like saying 'throwing money down the drain' in English.

Recycling Awareness

When discussing the environment, use 'reciclar' as the positive opposite of 'jogar fora'.

Never use 'Atirar'

Erase the word 'atirar' from your mind when thinking about garbage. 'Atirar' is for throwing rocks, not trash.

암기하기

기억법

Imagine you are JOGGING (jogar) outside (FORA) and you toss your empty water bottle into a recycling bin. JOGAR FORA = to throw away.

시각적 연상

Picture a basketball player (jogador) taking a shot, but instead of a ball, he is throwing a bag of trash into a dumpster located outside (fora) the arena.

Word Web

jogar fora lixo descartar velho quebrado limpeza desperdício

챌린지

Look around your room right now. Find three items that you no longer need. Point to each one and say out loud: 'Eu vou jogar isso fora'.

어원

The verb 'jogar' comes from the Latin 'jocari', which meant to joke or to play. Over time in the Iberian Peninsula, the meaning expanded from playing games to the physical action of throwing something (like throwing dice or a ball). The adverb 'fora' comes from the Latin 'foras', meaning outside or out of doors. When combined, the phrase literally evolved to mean 'to throw outside'.

원래 의미: To throw outside (literally removing something from the interior of a house).

Romance Languages (Latin origin).

문화적 맥락

Be mindful when telling someone to throw away something that belongs to them. It can be perceived as rude or intrusive if the item has sentimental value. Always ask 'Posso jogar fora?' (Can I throw this away?) before discarding someone else's property.

English speakers use 'throw away' or 'toss out'. The Portuguese phrase functions almost exactly the same way, making it a very intuitive direct translation for learners.

The song 'Joga Fora' by the Brazilian band Titãs, which talks about throwing away old concepts and starting fresh. Various Brazilian soap operas where dramatic breakups involve someone screaming 'Vou jogar fora tudo que me lembra você!' Environmental campaigns in Portugal using the slogan 'Não deite fora o nosso futuro' (Don't throw away our future).

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Cleaning the house

Vou jogar o lixo fora.
Isso é para jogar fora?
Onde eu jogo isso fora?
Preciso jogar fora essas caixas.

Cooking and Kitchen

A carne estragou, tem que jogar fora.
Não jogue fora as sobras.
Joguei fora o leite vencido.
Vou jogar as cascas fora.

Office and Work

Pode jogar fora esses rascunhos.
Não jogue fora os recibos.
Joguei fora o relatório antigo.
Temos que jogar fora esses arquivos.

Emotional/Metaphorical

Ele jogou a chance fora.
Não jogue sua vida fora.
Jogamos dinheiro fora com isso.
Ela jogou fora anos de estudo.

Environmental Discussions

Não devemos jogar plástico fora na rua.
Jogar fora no lugar certo.
O que você joga fora afeta o planeta.
Evite jogar fora o que pode ser reciclado.

대화 시작하기

"Você tem dificuldade em jogar fora coisas antigas que têm valor sentimental?"

"Qual foi a coisa mais cara que você já teve que jogar fora porque quebrou?"

"Você acha que a nossa sociedade joga fora muita comida? Como podemos resolver isso?"

"Você já jogou fora alguma oportunidade na vida e se arrependeu depois?"

"Na sua casa, quem é a pessoa responsável por jogar o lixo fora todos os dias?"

일기 주제

Escreva sobre uma vez em que você jogou fora algo importante por engano. Como você se sentiu?

Faça uma lista de cinco coisas no seu quarto que você deveria jogar fora hoje e explique o porquê.

Reflita sobre a expressão 'jogar dinheiro fora'. Qual foi a sua pior compra recente?

Descreva o processo de reciclagem na sua cidade. As pessoas costumam jogar o lixo fora corretamente?

Escreva sobre um mau hábito que você gostaria de 'jogar fora' da sua vida.

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

Yes, absolutely. For short objects, it is very common and natural to say 'jogar o lixo fora'. However, if the object is a long phrase, it is better to put it at the end: 'jogar fora as roupas velhas que não uso mais'.

It is understood in Portugal, but the standard and much more common expression there is 'deitar fora'. If you are learning European Portuguese, you should prioritize 'deitar fora'.

In formal written Portuguese, you must use the attached object pronouns. For a masculine object, it becomes 'jogá-lo fora'. For a feminine object, it is 'jogá-la fora'. The 'r' is dropped and an accent is added to the 'a'.

No, it is frequently used metaphorically. You can 'jogar fora' an opportunity, money, time, or even a relationship. It carries the meaning of wasting something valuable.

'Jogar fora' is the everyday, conversational phrase used by everyone. 'Descartar' is a more formal synonym used in writing, professional environments, medical protocols, and environmental regulations.

'Atirar' means to throw a projectile, like throwing a ball to a dog or shooting a gun. It implies trajectory and force. 'Jogar fora' specifically implies disposal and getting rid of something.

Yes, 'jogar no lixo' (throw in the trash) is a perfect synonym in casual speech and is used interchangeably with 'jogar fora' in Brazilian Portuguese.

The verb 'jogar' is regular. The past tense (preterite) is: eu joguei fora, você/ele/ela jogou fora, nós jogamos fora, eles/elas jogaram fora.

Only metaphorically and it sounds very harsh, implying you are treating a person like garbage or abandoning them completely. It is better to use 'abandonar' or 'deixar'.

It is a very common idiom that means to make small talk, chat aimlessly, or shoot the breeze. It does not mean to throw away a conversation.

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