이 페이지를 내 언어로

English

فارسی

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B1 verb #6,500 가장 일반적인 9분 분량

polir

상위 6,500

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 polir 30초 만에

설명 polir in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn 'polir' as a simple action verb related to cleaning. Think of it like making things shine. You might use it when talking about your shoes or a piece of jewelry. At this stage, don't worry too much about the tricky 'eu pulo' conjugation; focus on the infinitive 'polir' and using it with other verbs like 'preciso polir' (I need to polish). Example: 'Eu preciso polir meus sapatos pretos.' The word is easy to remember because it sounds almost exactly like 'polish' in English. Just remember it's an action you do with a cloth to make something bright. You can also think of it in the context of 'polite' behavior, though that's a bit more advanced. For now, keep it physical. Imagine you are cleaning a mirror or a silver spoon. That is 'polir'. It's a useful word for basic daily chores and describing how you take care of your belongings. You will likely see it in basic vocabulary lists for household items and actions. Try to associate it with the visual of a sparkle or a reflection.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the A2 level, you can start using 'polir' in more complete sentences and understand its basic conjugation. You should recognize that 'polir' is something you do to furniture, cars, and metals. You might say, 'Nós polimos a mesa de madeira ontem' (We polished the wooden table yesterday). At this level, you should also be aware that 'polir' is different from 'limpar' (to clean). Cleaning removes dirt, but polishing makes it shine. You might also encounter the word in simple instructions, such as 'Polir com um pano seco' (Polish with a dry cloth). You should begin to notice the irregular present tense: 'Ele pule os sapatos todos os dias'. This might be confusing because 'pule' also comes from 'pular' (to jump), but in the context of shoes, it always means polish. Start practicing the difference between the physical action and the result (o brilho). It's also a good time to learn the noun 'polimento' (polishing/the act of polishing), which you might see at a car wash or a jewelry store. Using 'polir' correctly at A2 shows you are paying attention to the specific types of cleaning and care for objects.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'polir' both physically and figuratively. You should be comfortable discussing the 'polishing' of skills, such as 'polir o meu português' (polishing my Portuguese) or 'polir um relatório' (polishing a report). This level requires you to understand that 'polir' implies a final stage of refinement. You aren't just starting the work; you are making it better and more professional. You should also be confident with the irregular present tense: 'Eu pulo os metais, mas ele não pule nada'. Awareness of the homonym with 'pular' (to jump) is essential here to avoid misunderstandings. You might use 'polir' in a work context to describe the final review of a project. For example: 'Antes de enviar o e-mail, vou polir o texto para que não haja erros'. You are also moving beyond simple objects to more complex surfaces like marble or specific car parts. This is the stage where you start to appreciate the nuance of 'refinement' that the word carries. You might also encounter the adjective 'polido' to describe a person who is very polite and well-mannered, showing the connection between physical smoothness and social grace.

At the B2 level, 'polir' becomes a tool for expressing detail and precision. You should be able to distinguish between 'polir', 'lustrar', and 'esfregar' based on the context and the desired outcome. You will use 'polir' to describe the 'polishing of edges' (polir as arestas) in a negotiation or a relationship, meaning to resolve small conflicts or friction. Your vocabulary should include more technical uses, such as 'polimento técnico' in automotive or industrial contexts. You should also be able to use the verb in various tenses, including the subjunctive: 'Espero que ele pola os sapatos antes do casamento' (I hope he polishes the shoes before the wedding - though 'pula' is more common, 'pola' is an archaic variant sometimes found in literature). At B2, you should understand the stylistic choice of using 'polir' over 'melhorar' to emphasize the aesthetic or formal quality of the improvement. You might read 'polir' in news articles discussing the 'polishing' of a politician's image or the 'polishing' of a legal draft. It’s about the subtle art of making something look its best for an audience.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C1 level, you should have a sophisticated grasp of 'polir' and its more literary synonyms like 'lapidar' or 'burilar'. You will encounter 'polir' in high-level literature and academic writing where it describes the meticulous refinement of ideas and philosophical concepts. You should understand the historical and etymological connection between 'polir' and 'civilização' (civilization), where the 'polishing' of the individual is seen as a hallmark of a civilized society. Your usage should be flawless, including the correct application of the irregular forms in complex sentence structures. You might use 'polir' to describe the subtle work of a translator who needs to 'polir' the nuances of a poem to maintain its original luster in a new language. You should also recognize the word in the context of 'polidez' as a social construct, discussing how different cultures 'polish' their social interactions differently. At this level, you are not just using a verb; you are using a concept of refinement that permeates art, social life, and professional excellence. You might also explore the use of 'polir' in scientific contexts, such as the polishing of optical lenses where precision is measured in microns.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

At the C2 level, you command the full range of 'polir', including its most obscure and archaic uses. You can discuss the evolution of the word from its Latin roots ('polire') and how it has shaped the Portuguese language's approach to aesthetics and manners. You might use the verb in a philosophical treatise on the 'polishing of the soul' through virtue, or in a highly technical critique of an architectural marvel focusing on the 'polimento das superfícies' and its interaction with light. You are comfortable with the most irregular and rare forms of the verb and can use them for stylistic effect in creative writing. You understand the deep irony when 'polir' is used sarcastically to describe someone trying too hard to appear sophisticated ('Ele tenta polir o seu passado, mas todos conhecem a verdade'). You can compare the Portuguese 'polir' with its cognates in other Romance languages, noting the subtle differences in usage and connotation. At C2, 'polir' is a versatile instrument in your linguistic orchestra, used to denote the highest level of craftsmanship, whether in the physical world of materials or the abstract world of thought and language.

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

polir 30초 만에

Polir means to rub a surface to make it smooth and shiny, like shoes or silver.
It is commonly used metaphorically to mean 'refining' or 'fine-tuning' a skill or project.
The verb is irregular in the present tense, with the stem changing from 'o' to 'u' (eu pulo).
It is a key word for discussing craftsmanship, domestic chores, and professional self-improvement.

The Portuguese verb polir primarily describes the physical act of rubbing a surface to make it smooth, shiny, and reflective. However, its utility in the Portuguese language extends far beyond the workshop or the kitchen. At its core, polir represents the transition from a raw, rough, or dull state to one of luster and refinement. Whether you are talking about a piece of antique furniture, a precious gemstone, or your own Portuguese pronunciation, this verb is your go-to term for the process of improvement through friction and effort.

Physical Maintenance: In everyday contexts, you will hear this word used when people are cleaning silver, waxing a car, or finishing woodwork. It implies a level of care that goes beyond mere cleaning; it is about achieving a specific aesthetic quality of brightness.
Metaphorical Refinement: In a professional or academic setting, polir refers to the 'fine-tuning' of a project. You might 'polir um texto' (polish a text) to remove grammatical errors and improve flow, or 'polir o seu comportamento' (polish your behavior) to better fit into a formal social environment.

Preciso polir as pratas antes do jantar de Natal para que a mesa fique impecável.

Translation: I need to polish the silver before the Christmas dinner so the table looks impeccable.

The verb belongs to the third conjugation (-ir), but it carries a significant linguistic trap for learners: its conjugation is irregular in the present indicative. The 'o' in the stem changes to 'u' in certain persons (e.g., eu pulo). This creates a homonym with the verb pular (to jump), where eu pulo also means 'I jump'. Context is crucial here to avoid confusion. You wouldn't 'jump' a diamond, nor would you 'polish' over a fence!

O autor passou meses a polir o manuscrito final para garantir que cada palavra fosse perfeita.

Artistic Context: Sculptors and jewelers use polir to describe the final stage of their work. It is the moment when the true beauty of the material is revealed through careful abrasion and buffing.

When using polir, consider the intensity of the action. It is not a violent scrubbing (which might be esfregar), but a rhythmic, intentional movement designed to enhance rather than just clean. It suggests a high level of attention to detail and a desire for perfection. If you tell someone you are 'polishing' your presentation, you are signaling that the core content is done, and you are now focusing on the elegance of the delivery.

Using polir correctly requires understanding both its physical and figurative applications. Because it is a transitive verb, it almost always takes a direct object—the thing being polished. Let's break down the grammatical structures and contexts where you will encounter it most frequently.

Structure: [Subject] + [Conjugated Polir] + [Object]: This is the standard usage. Example: 'O sapateiro pule os sapatos.' (The shoemaker polishes the shoes). Note the stem change to 'u' in the third person singular present tense.

Eles estão a polir o mármore da entrada do hotel.

They are polishing the marble at the hotel entrance.

In the figurative sense, polir often appears with abstract nouns like talento (talent), estilo (style), or discurso (speech). When you use it this way, you are emphasizing the transition from 'good' to 'excellent'. It is the final 10% of the work that makes the difference.

Você deve polir as suas habilidades de negociação antes da reunião.

The Passive Voice: It is common to see 'polir' in the passive voice when focusing on the result. 'As joias foram polidas com cuidado.' (The jewelry was polished with care). Here, 'polidas' acts as a past participle agreeing with the feminine plural noun.

In European Portuguese, you will often see the construction 'estar a + polir' (e.g., 'Estou a polir o carro'), whereas in Brazilian Portuguese, the gerund is preferred ('Estou polindo o carro'). Both are correct and widely understood, but choosing the right one for your location will make your speech sound more authentic.

É necessário polir as arestas deste projeto para evitar conflitos futuros.

Finally, consider the use of the verb in the infinitive as a noun-like entity. 'O ato de polir requer paciência.' (The act of polishing requires patience). This structure allows you to discuss the concept of refinement broadly across various disciplines.

You will encounter the word polir in a variety of real-world settings, ranging from the domestic to the highly specialized. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word when it is spoken in natural conversation.

In the Home: If you are visiting a Portuguese-speaking family, you might hear it during house cleaning. 'Vou polir os móveis da sala' (I'm going to polish the living room furniture). It's a common chore, especially before hosting guests or during traditional holidays.
At the Mechanic or Detailer: Car culture is big in many Lusophone countries. You will see signs for 'Polimento de Faróis' (Headlight Polishing) or 'Polimento e Cristalização' (Polishing and Crystallization/Waxing). Mechanics use it to describe the restoration of a car's paintwork.

O mecânico disse que precisa polir a lataria para remover os riscos superficiais.

The mechanic said he needs to polish the bodywork to remove superficial scratches.

In the jewelry industry (especially in cities like Porto, known for its filigree), polir is a technical term used daily. Artisans discuss the best techniques to 'polir o ouro' (polish gold) without losing too much material. If you visit a jewelry shop, the jeweler might offer to 'polir a sua aliança' (polish your wedding ring) as a service.

O diretor decidiu polir a cena final para dar mais impacto emocional.

Education and Self-Improvement: Teachers often use the word when encouraging students. 'Você tem ótimas ideias, só precisa polir a sua gramática.' (You have great ideas, you just need to polish your grammar). It's a constructive way to suggest improvement.

In the corporate world, polir appears in the context of 'polishing a presentation' or 'polishing a proposal'. It suggests the final review phase where typos are caught and formatting is perfected. If you are in a meeting and someone says 'Vamos polir estes detalhes', they mean it's time to finalize the small points before the launch.

While polir seems straightforward, English speakers and even beginner Portuguese learners often stumble on its conjugation and its distinction from similar verbs. Avoiding these common pitfalls will make you sound much more like a native speaker.

The 'Pulo' Confusion: The biggest mistake is the present indicative conjugation. Many learners try to say 'Eu polio' (which is incorrect) or get confused when they see 'Eu pulo'. Remember: Eu pulo can mean 'I polish' (from polir) or 'I jump' (from pular). Context is your only savior here. If you are holding a cloth and a vase, you are polishing. If you are at a track meet, you are jumping.

Errado: Eu polio o carro aos domingos.
Correto: Eu pulo o carro aos domingos.

Another frequent error is using polir when limpar (to clean) or lavar (to wash) is more appropriate. Polir is about shine and smoothness. You don't 'polir' the dishes after dinner (unless they are fancy silver); you 'lavar' them. You don't 'polir' a dirty window to remove mud; you 'limpar' it. Use polir only for the stage where you are making it sparkle.

Confusão: Ela é polir.
Correto: Ela é polonesa.

Overusing Figurative Polir: While you can 'polir' a skill, overusing it can sound a bit stiff. Sometimes aperfeiçoar (to perfect) or melhorar (to improve) is more natural in casual conversation. Use polir when you specifically mean 'putting the finishing touches' on something.

Finally, watch out for the preposition. In English, we polish 'up' a skill. In Portuguese, we just 'polir' the skill. Adding extra prepositions like 'polir para cima' is a literal translation that doesn't work. Keep it simple: 'Polir o talento'.

Portuguese is a rich language with many verbs that touch upon the concept of cleaning, refining, and shining. Choosing the right synonym for polir depends on the material you are working with and the level of formality you wish to convey.

Lustrar vs. Polir: Lustrar is very close to polir and is often used for shoes (lustrar sapatos) or furniture. While polir can involve removing a layer (abrasion), lustrar often implies adding a substance (like wax or oil) to create shine. In many contexts, they are interchangeable.
Lapidar: This is specifically used for gemstones (cutting and polishing diamonds). Figuratively, it is used for something that requires intense, expert refinement, like 'lapidar um poema' (to craft/refine a poem to perfection).

Comparação:
Vou lustrar meus sapatos de couro. (Focus on shine)
Vou polir o metal oxidado. (Focus on smoothing/restoring)

If you are talking about improving a project or a skill, aperfeiçoar (to perfect) or esmerar (to do with great care) are excellent alternatives. Esmerar-se is a reflexive verb used when someone puts a lot of effort into the details of their work. 'Ele se esmerou na apresentação' means he did an exceptionally polished job.

O carpinteiro teve que lixar a madeira antes de a polir.

Burilar: This is a very formal, literary word. It comes from 'buril' (a graver/chisel). To 'burilar' a text means to work on it with extreme, almost obsessive precision, like an engraver working on metal.

In summary, while polir is the most versatile and common term, using lustrar for shoes, lapidar for gems/metaphorical perfection, and aperfeiçoar for skills will demonstrate a higher level of Portuguese proficiency. Always consider the material and the 'roughness' of the starting point when choosing your verb.

How Formal Is It?

재미있는 사실

The English word 'polite' comes from the same Latin root 'politus', the past participle of 'polire'. This is why in Portuguese, a 'polished' person is a 'polite' person.

발음 가이드

UK /puˈliɾ/

US /puˈliʁ/

The stress is on the last syllable: po-LIR.

라임이 맞는 단어

dormir subir partir sorrir pedir ouvir abrir sentir

자주 하는 실수

Pronouncing it as 'PO-lir' (stressing the first syllable).
Using an open 'o' sound like in 'pot' for the first syllable.
Confusing the pronunciation of 'pulo' (polish) with 'pulo' (jump) - they are identical.
Failing to change the 'o' to 'u' in the present tense (saying 'polio' instead of 'pulo').
Nasalizing the 'i' sound unnecessarily.

난이도

독해 3/5

Easy to recognize due to English cognate, but metaphorical uses require context.

쓰기 5/5

Difficult due to the irregular present tense stem change (o -> u).

말하기 4/5

Requires remembering the 'eu pulo' form and correct stress on the last syllable.

듣기 4/5

Can be confused with 'pular' (to jump) in fast conversation.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

limpar brilhar pano madeira metal

다음에 배울 것

lustrar lapidar aperfeiçoar esmerar refinar

고급

burilar cinzelar verniz abrasivo polidez

알아야 할 문법

Irregular -ir verbs with 'o' in the stem

Polir -> Eu pulo; Dormir -> Eu durmo; Tossir -> Eu tuso.

Stem change o -> u in present indicative

Eu pulo, tu pules, ele pule, eles pulem.

Transitive verbs and direct objects

Eu polir [algo]. O 'algo' é o objeto direto.

Passive voice with past participle

A prata foi polida (agreement with feminine singular).

Future Subjunctive of -ir verbs

Quando eu polir (looks like infinitive).

무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기

수준별 예문

Eu vou polir meus sapatos.

I am going to polish my shoes.

Future with 'vou' + infinitive.

Ela gosta de polir a prata.

She likes to polish the silver.

Verb 'gostar de' followed by infinitive.

Você pode polir este anel?

Can you polish this ring?

Modal verb 'pode' + infinitive.

O menino pule os sapatos do pai.

The boy polishes his father's shoes.

Third person singular present (stem change o -> u).

Nós polimos a mesa hoje.

We polished the table today.

Preterite tense (same as present for 'nós').

Eles querem polir o carro novo.

They want to polish the new car.

Verb 'querer' + infinitive.

Use um pano para polir.

Use a cloth to polish.

Imperative 'use' + purpose 'para polir'.

O metal está brilhando após polir.

The metal is shining after polishing.

Gerund-like use of infinitive after 'após'.

Eu sempre pulo as pratas antes do Natal.

I always polish the silver before Christmas.

First person singular present 'pulo'.

O carpinteiro poliu a madeira com cuidado.

The carpenter polished the wood carefully.

Preterite tense (past action).

É importante polir os móveis para protegê-los.

It is important to polish furniture to protect it.

Impersonal 'é importante' + infinitive.

Eles poliram o chão de mármore da igreja.

They polished the marble floor of the church.

Third person plural preterite.

Você já poliu os vidros da janela?

Have you already polished the window panes?

Present perfect context (using preterite).

Ela estava polindo as medalhas de ouro.

She was polishing the gold medals.

Past continuous (Brazilian style gerund).

Nós vamos polir o troféu da escola.

We are going to polish the school trophy.

Future with 'ir'.

O brilho voltou depois de polir bem.

The shine came back after polishing well.

Adverb 'bem' modifying the action.

Preciso polir o meu discurso para a conferência.

I need to polish my speech for the conference.

Figurative use for abstract objects.

O autor está a polir os capítulos finais do livro.

The author is polishing the final chapters of the book.

European Portuguese continuous 'a + infinitive'.

Se você polir suas habilidades, terá mais chances.

If you polish your skills, you will have more chances.

Future subjunctive 'polir' (same as infinitive for -ir).

Eles pulam os detalhes técnicos do projeto.

They polish the technical details of the project.

Present indicative 'pulam' (stem change).

A equipe poliu a apresentação durante toda a noite.

The team polished the presentation all night long.

Preterite showing completed duration.

O professor sugeriu que eu polisse a minha redação.

The teacher suggested that I polish my essay.

Imperfect subjunctive 'polisse'.

Polir o estilo de escrita leva tempo e prática.

Polishing one's writing style takes time and practice.

Infinitive as the subject of the sentence.

Ela pule o seu comportamento em eventos sociais.

She polishes her behavior at social events.

Present tense figurative use.

O diplomata poliu as arestas da negociação internacional.

The diplomat smoothed out the rough edges of the international negotiation.

Idiomatic expression 'polir as arestas'.

O escultor dedica horas a polir a superfície da estátua.

The sculptor spends hours polishing the surface of the statue.

Verb 'dedicar' + 'a' + infinitive.

É necessário polir a imagem pública da empresa.

It is necessary to polish the company's public image.

Metaphorical use in PR/Marketing.

O joalheiro pule o diamante para revelar seu fogo.

The jeweler polishes the diamond to reveal its fire.

Present tense technical context.

Eles haviam polido o roteiro antes das filmagens.

They had polished the script before the filming.

Pluperfect 'haviam polido'.

Mesmo que você pola o texto, ele ainda precisa de alma.

Even if you polish the text, it still needs soul.

Present subjunctive 'pola' (rare/formal variant).

O polimento das lentes deve ser extremamente preciso.

The polishing of the lenses must be extremely precise.

Noun form 'polimento'.

Ela pule as suas palavras para não ofender ninguém.

She polishes her words so as not to offend anyone.

Metaphor for tact/diplomacy.

O filósofo procurava polir os seus argumentos metafísicos.

The philosopher sought to polish his metaphysical arguments.

Imperfect tense showing ongoing effort.

A obra carece de um polimento final que a torne sublime.

The work lacks a final polishing that would make it sublime.

Noun 'polimento' in an aesthetic critique.

Lapidar e polir são processos distintos na ourivesaria.

Cutting and polishing are distinct processes in goldsmithing.

Technical comparison of verbs.

Ao polir a sua conduta, ele ascendeu na hierarquia social.

By polishing his conduct, he rose in the social hierarchy.

Gerund phrase 'Ao polir' (On/By polishing).

O tradutor pule a prosa para manter o ritmo do original.

The translator polishes the prose to maintain the rhythm of the original.

Literary translation context.

Não basta polir a superfície; é preciso cuidar do cerne.

It is not enough to polish the surface; one must care for the core.

Philosophical/Metaphorical contrast.

A erosão poliu as rochas ao longo de milênios.

Erosion polished the rocks over millennia.

Natural process as the subject.

Ele pule o seu estilo literário com uma dedicação quase monástica.

He polishes his literary style with an almost monastic dedication.

Simile used to enhance the verb.

A dialética serviu para polir as arestas do pensamento contemporâneo.

Dialectics served to smooth the rough edges of contemporary thought.

Highly abstract/intellectual use.

Burilar e polir cada verso é a sina do verdadeiro poeta.

To engrave and polish every verse is the fate of the true poet.

Use of 'burilar' (synonym) for emphasis.

A sofisticação de sua linguagem advém do esforço em polir o vernáculo.

The sophistication of his language stems from the effort to polish the vernacular.

Focus on linguistic refinement.

O polimento exaustivo da tese revelou falhas anteriormente invisíveis.

The exhaustive polishing of the thesis revealed previously invisible flaws.

Noun 'polimento' in a research context.

Eles pulam o metal até que este se torne um espelho da realidade.

They polish the metal until it becomes a mirror of reality.

Poetic/Descriptive present tense.

A civilidade nada mais é do que o polir das pulsões humanas.

Civility is nothing more than the polishing of human impulses.

Substantive use of the infinitive.

O artesão pule a laca com uma paciência que desafia o tempo.

The artisan polishes the lacquer with a patience that defies time.

Focus on high-level craftsmanship.

Se pola o mármore com tal ímpeto, acabará por desgastá-lo.

If you polish the marble with such impetus, you will end up wearing it down.

Use of 'pola' (subjunctive) in a conditional 'se' clause.

자주 쓰는 조합

polir sapatos

polir o carro

polir as pratas

polir um texto

polir habilidades

polir as arestas

polir o mármore

polir joias

polir o discurso

polir metais

자주 쓰는 구문

Dar um polimento

— To give something a quick polish or a final touch-up.

Vou dar um polimento rápido no balcão.

Falta polimento

— Used to describe something that is unrefined or needs more work.

A ideia é boa, mas ainda falta polimento.

Polir o comportamento

— To improve one's manners or social conduct.

Ele precisa polir o comportamento se quiser ser promovido.

Polir a imagem

— To improve how one is perceived by the public.

A empresa contratou uma agência para polir sua imagem.

Polir com cuidado

— To perform the action with great attention and delicacy.

Deve-se polir o cristal com muito cuidado.

Massa de polir

— Polishing compound/paste used for cars or metals.

Comprei uma massa de polir para tirar o risco do carro.

Pano de polir

— A specific cloth used for polishing.

Use sempre um pano de polir limpo.

Polir até brilhar

— To polish until it reaches a high shine.

Ele poliu a maçaneta até brilhar.

Polir o estilo

— To refine one's way of doing something, especially writing or art.

Ela está tentando polir seu estilo de pintura.

Polir o talento

— To work hard to develop a natural ability.

O jovem pianista poliu seu talento por anos.

자주 혼동되는 단어

polir vs pular

The first person singular 'eu pulo' is identical for both 'polir' (I polish) and 'pular' (I jump).

polir vs polidez

This is the noun for politeness; 'polido' is the adjective. Don't use the verb 'polir' when you mean 'to be polite'.

polir vs limpar

Cleaning removes dirt; polishing adds shine. They are not always interchangeable.

관용어 및 표현

"Polir as arestas"

— To smooth over difficulties or resolve minor conflicts in a situation or relationship.

Temos que polir as arestas antes de assinar o acordo.

neutral/formal

"Ser uma joia por polir"

— To be a 'diamond in the rough'; someone with great potential but lacking refinement.

Aquele estagiário é uma joia por polir.

informal

"Falta de polimento"

— Refers to a lack of manners or education.

A sua falta de polimento incomodou os convidados.

neutral

"Polir o vernáculo"

— To speak or write in a very refined, correct version of the language.

O orador poliu o vernáculo para o grande evento.

literary

"Dar brilho"

— Often used as a synonym for polishing, focusing on the result.

Vou dar brilho na prataria.

informal

"Passar um pano"

— Literally to wipe, but can imply a quick, superficial polish.

Passe um pano nos móveis para polir um pouco.

informal

"Lapidar o caráter"

— To build or refine one's moral character over time.

A vida se encarregou de lapidar seu caráter.

formal

"Polidez de fachada"

— Surface-level politeness that hides a lack of true respect.

Não me engana essa sua polidez de fachada.

informal

"Polir a pedra"

— To work persistently on a difficult task (like Sisyphus, but with a goal of refinement).

Estou aqui a polir a pedra deste projeto há meses.

metaphorical

"Brilho nos olhos"

— While not using 'polir', it relates to the 'shine' found in something well-cared for or passionate.

Ele poliu sua ideia até que ela trouxesse brilho nos olhos dos investidores.

informal

혼동하기 쉬운

polir vs Pular

Shared conjugation 'eu pulo'.

Pular is movement (jumping); Polir is cleaning/refinement (polishing).

Eu pulo a cerca (I jump the fence) vs Eu pulo o metal (I polish the metal).

polir vs Lustrar

Very similar meaning.

Lustrar usually implies adding wax/oil for shine; Polir can be abrasive to make it smooth.

Lustrar sapatos vs Polir o mármore.

polir vs Lixar

Both involve friction on a surface.

Lixar is rough (sanding); Polir is the fine, final step for shine.

Lixar a parede vs Polir a prata.

polir vs Polonês

English 'Polish' refers to both the action and the nationality.

Polir is the verb; Polonês is the person from Poland.

Ele é polonês e está a polir o carro.

polir vs Esfregar

Both involve rubbing.

Esfregar is scrubbing (often to remove dirt); Polir is gentle rubbing for shine.

Esfregar a mancha vs Polir o anel.

문장 패턴

Eu vou polir [objeto].

Eu vou polir a prata.

[Sujeito] poliu [objeto] ontem.

O pai poliu os sapatos ontem.

Preciso polir [abstrato].

Preciso polir o meu estilo.

Ele está a polir [objeto].

Ele está a polir o carro.

É necessário polir as arestas de [situação].

É necessário polir as arestas da proposta.

Ao polir [objeto], [consequência].

Ao polir o texto, ele encontrou erros.

O [substantivo] carece de polimento.

O manuscrito carece de polimento.

Se polas o [objeto], [consequência futura].

Se polas o mármore, ele brilhará.

어휘 가족

명사

polimento (the act of polishing)

polidez (politeness)

polidor (polisher - the tool or the person)

polidura (an archaic term for polishing)

동사

repolir (to polish again)

pular (homonym in some forms, but unrelated)

형용사

polido (polished/polite)

impolido (unpolished/rude)

polidor (polishing - e.g., 'cera polidora')

사용법

frequency

Common in household, automotive, and professional contexts.

자주 하는 실수

Eu polio o carro. → Eu pulo o carro.
The verb 'polir' is irregular in the first person singular present indicative. It changes the 'o' to 'u'.
Ele é polir. → Ele é polonês.
Confusing the verb 'to polish' with the English word for the Polish nationality.
Vou polir a louça. → Vou lavar a louça.
You wash dishes ('lavar'), you only 'polir' them if they are decorative silver or crystal requiring special shine.
Preciso polir para cima meu inglês. → Preciso polir meu inglês.
Don't translate 'polish up' literally. In Portuguese, the verb 'polir' doesn't take a preposition like 'para cima'.
O chão está polir. → O chão está polido.
Use the past participle 'polido' as an adjective to describe the state of the floor.

팁

Master the Stem Change

Remember the 'o' to 'u' change in the present tense: Eu pulo, Tu pules, Ele pule, Eles pulem. This is the most common mistake for students.

Polir vs. Lustrar

Use 'lustrar' for shoes and 'polir' for metals or cars to sound more specific and native.

Professional Use

In an office, use 'polir o texto' to mean 'proofread and refine'. It sounds more sophisticated than 'corrigir'.

Stress the End

Always stress the 'LIR' at the end. Po-LIR. If you stress the first syllable, it won't be understood.

Negotiation Tip

Use 'polir as arestas' when you want to suggest that a deal is almost done but needs a few minor fixes.

Not for People

Don't call someone 'polir'. If they are polite, call them 'polido'. 'Polir' is only the action.

Read Critiques

Read book or movie reviews in Portuguese; you will often see 'polimento' used to describe the quality of the work.

Think Sparkle

Whenever you see something sparkle in a Portuguese video, think 'polido'.

Polish vs. Clean

If there is dirt, you 'limpar'. If it's already clean but dull, you 'polir'.

Refine Your Writing

Use 'polir' in your own journals to describe your progress in Portuguese. 'Hoje, poli minha gramática'.

암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'Polisher' named 'Paul'. Paul is 'polir' (polishing) his 'pool' table. Paul-ir.

시각적 연상

Imagine a silver trophy that is so dull you can't see your face, then someone rubs it and it becomes a mirror. That transition is 'polir'.

Word Web

Shine Smooth Clean Refine Polish Manners Wax Jewelry

챌린지

Try to find three things in your house that need polishing and say out loud: 'Eu vou polir [object]'.

어원

From the Latin 'polire', which means to smooth, to polish, or to refine. It has been a part of the Portuguese language since its early development from Vulgar Latin.

원래 의미: To make smooth by rubbing; to improve the appearance of something.

Romance (Latin-derived).

문화적 맥락

Be careful not to confuse 'polir' with 'polonês' (Polish nationality) to avoid sounding nonsensical.

English speakers might use 'polish' for people (e.g., 'he has a lot of polish'), but in Portuguese, 'polido' is the adjective used for the person's character.

The poem 'A Arte de Polir' (metaphorical references in various works). Technical manuals for Portuguese 'azulejos' (tiles). Diplomatic protocols in the 'Palácio das Necessidades' (Lisbon).

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Household Chores

Polir a mobília
Polir os talheres
Cera para polir
Polir o espelho

Automotive

Polimento de pintura
Polir os faróis
Massa de polir fina
Polir a lataria

Professional Writing

Polir o relatório
Polir a gramática
Polir a tradução
Falta um polimento final

Jewelry

Polir o ouro
Polir pedras preciosas
Banho e polimento
Polir a prata

Social Etiquette

Polir os modos
Comportamento polido
Polir a linguagem
Falta de polimento social

대화 시작하기

"Você costuma polir seus sapatos em casa?"

"Qual é o melhor produto para polir móveis de madeira?"

"Você acha que este texto precisa de mais polimento?"

"Como podemos polir as arestas deste conflito?"

"Você já levou seu carro para fazer um polimento profissional?"

일기 주제

Descreva um objeto que você gosta de polir e por quê.

Quais habilidades você está tentando polir no momento?

Como a ideia de 'polir as arestas' pode ajudar em um relacionamento?

Relate uma experiência onde um 'polimento final' mudou o resultado de um projeto.

O que significa para você ser uma pessoa 'polida' hoje em dia?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

No, the correct first-person singular present indicative of 'polir' is 'eu pulo'. This is an irregular stem change common in some -ir verbs. Using 'polio' is a frequent mistake for learners.

Not directly. 'Polir' is the verb 'to polish'. However, the adjective 'polido' means 'polished' or 'polite', and the noun 'polidez' means 'politeness'. You can 'polir os modos' (polish your manners), but you can't 'polir' a person to mean they are nice.

No, you don't usually polish clothes. For clothes, you use 'passar' (to iron) or 'limpar' (to clean). 'Polir' is for hard surfaces like metal, wood, or stone.

'Polir' is the specific action of rubbing a surface. 'Dar brilho' (to give shine) is a more general phrase that describes the result. You can 'dar brilho' by polishing, waxing, or even just cleaning well.

Yes, it is used in all Portuguese-speaking countries. In Brazil, you will often hear the gerund 'polindo', while in Portugal you will hear 'a polir'.

The past tense (preterite) is regular: eu poli, tu poliste, ele poliu, nós polimos, vós polistes, eles poliram. The irregularity only happens in the present tense.

Only metaphorically or in very specific cases like 'polir o arroz' (polishing rice) in an industrial sense. For cleaning a fruit to make it shine, you can say 'polir a maçã'.

It means to resolve small disagreements or technical issues to reach a final agreement. It's like smoothing out the rough parts of a deal.

Yes, 'polimento' is the noun form. You see it at car washes ('polimento de pintura') or in dental clinics ('polimento dentário').

Yes! 'Polir o idioma' or 'polir as habilidades' is a very common and natural way to say you are refining your skills.

무료 가입하고 팁과 노트 보기