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B2 noun 9분 분량

конкуренция

예시 конкуренция 30초 만에
설명 конкуренция in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'конкуренция' often, but it's good to know it exists. It means 'competition.' Imagine two shops selling the same bread. They are in 'конкуренция.' In Russian, we say 'Это конкуренция.' It is a big word for a simple idea: two or more people want the same thing. You might see it in simple news or on signs in a mall. For now, just remember it is a feminine noun ending in -ия. You can think of it like the English word 'competition' – they sound similar! If you want to say something is very competitive, you can say 'Большая конкуренция.' This is enough for a beginner. You will mostly hear it in business contexts, even simple ones like 'Who has the better price?'
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'конкуренция' in basic sentences about work or school. You should know that it is a feminine noun. For example, 'В нашем городе большая конкуренция между магазинами.' (In our city, there is a lot of competition between shops.) Note the word 'между' (between). At this level, you can also understand that 'конкуренция' is usually about business or jobs. If you are looking for a job, you can say 'На эту работу большая конкуренция.' (There is high competition for this job.) This level is about recognizing the word in context and using it with simple adjectives like 'большая' (big), 'сильная' (strong), or 'маленькая' (small). You should also distinguish it from 'соревнование' (sports competition).
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'конкуренция' in various grammatical cases. You understand that it describes a market state or a social situation. You can use phrases like 'здоровая конкуренция' (healthy competition) or 'жесткая конкуренция' (tough competition). You also begin to use the verb 'конкурировать' (to compete). For example: 'Компании конкурируют за клиентов.' (Companies compete for clients.) You should be able to discuss the pros and cons of competition in a simple essay. You might say, 'Конкуренция помогает делать товары лучше.' (Competition helps make goods better.) At this stage, you are moving beyond just 'big' or 'small' competition and starting to describe its effects on society and the economy.
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At the B2 level, you use 'конкуренция' as a standard part of your vocabulary for discussing economics, politics, and social issues. You are familiar with collocations like 'недобросовестная конкуренция' (unfair competition) and 'свободная конкуренция' (free competition). You can use the word in the Genitive case after 'отсутствие' (absence) or 'наличие' (presence). You understand the nuance between 'конкуренция' and 'соперничество' (personal rivalry). You can participate in a debate about whether competition in schools is good for children. You are also aware of the phrase 'вне конкуренции' (beyond competition/unmatched) and can use it to praise someone's work. Your sentences are more complex: 'В условиях глобальной конкуренции компании вынуждены постоянно внедрять инновации.' (In conditions of global competition, companies are forced to constantly introduce innovations.)
At the C1 level, you possess a nuanced understanding of 'конкуренция' across different domains. You can discuss 'межвидовая конкуренция' in biology or 'ценовая конкуренция' in economics with ease. You understand the historical and philosophical implications of the word, perhaps referencing how competition shaped modern Russia. You can use the word in formal writing, such as business reports or academic papers, using precise verbs like 'обострять' (to sharpen/intensify) or 'нивелировать' (to level out/neutralize). You are also comfortable with the word's family, including 'конкурентоспособность' (competitiveness). You can analyze complex situations: 'Государство должно регулировать конкуренцию, чтобы не допустить появления монополий.' (The state must regulate competition to prevent the emergence of monopolies.)
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At the C2 level, 'конкуренция' is a concept you can manipulate with precision and stylistic flair. You can use it metaphorically in literature or high-level journalism. You understand the subtle differences in connotation when using 'конкуренция' versus 'антагонизм' or 'коллизия' in specialized contexts. You can discuss the word's etymology and its role in different economic theories, from Adam Smith to modern game theory. You can use the word to describe abstract philosophical struggles, such as the 'конкуренция идей' (competition of ideas). Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, incorporating idioms and rare collocations effortlessly. You might say: 'Феномен гиперконкуренции в цифровую эпоху требует принципиально новых подходов к стратегическому планированию.' (The phenomenon of hyper-competition in the digital age requires fundamentally new approaches to strategic planning.)
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예시

конкуренция 30초 만에

  • Конкуренция is a feminine Russian noun meaning 'competition' or 'rivalry,' primarily used in economic, biological, and professional contexts to describe a struggle for resources.
  • It differs from 'соревнование' (sports/contests) by implying a more systemic and often higher-stakes environment, such as market dynamics or career advancement.
  • Grammatically, it is a first-declension noun often paired with 'между' (between) + Instrumental case or 'за' (for) + Accusative case to define the rivals and the goal.
  • Commonly modified by adjectives like 'жёсткая' (tough), 'здоровая' (healthy), or 'недобросовестная' (unfair), it is a key term in Russian business and academic discourse.

The Russian word конкуренция is a fundamental concept that describes the state of rivalry between individuals, groups, or entities striving for the same goal or limited resources. It is most commonly associated with the economic sphere, but its application extends far beyond business into biology, sports, and social dynamics. When you use this word, you are highlighting a struggle for superiority or survival. In a market economy, it is the engine of innovation and price regulation. In nature, it determines which species flourish. In our daily lives, it describes the pressure we feel to perform better than our peers.

Economic Context
In business, it refers to the struggle between companies for consumers. For example, 'свободная конкуренция' (free competition) is a pillar of capitalism where prices are set by the market rather than the state.

На этом рынке существует огромная конкуренция между производителями смартфонов.

The word carries a weight of seriousness. Unlike 'соревнование' (competition/contest), which can be friendly or recreational, конкуренция often implies a more systemic, sometimes ruthless environment where the stakes are high. It is the force that pushes a student to study harder for a single university spot or a startup to pivot its product to survive against a tech giant. It is often described with adjectives like 'жёсткая' (tough), 'здоровая' (healthy), or 'недобросовестная' (unfair/unscrupulous).

Biological Context
In biology, it describes the interaction between organisms or species in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another due to a limited supply of resources.

Межвидовая конкуренция за ресурсы может привести к исчезновению одного из видов.

Socially, the word can describe the atmosphere in a workplace or a prestigious school. If there are ten applicants for one position, the конкуренция is high. It is a noun that demands attention to the environment it describes. It is not just about the act of competing, but the entire condition of the environment where multiple parties are present and active.

Psychological Impact
Psychologically, constant competition can lead to stress, but it can also be a powerful motivator that drives personal growth and excellence.

Здоровая конкуренция внутри коллектива стимулирует сотрудников работать лучше.

In summary, this word is a versatile tool for describing any situation where multiple actors are vying for a limited prize. Whether you are analyzing the global economy, studying the evolution of species, or describing the tension in a high-stakes poker game, this term provides the necessary weight and clarity to the situation.

Using the word конкуренция correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a feminine noun and its typical collocations. It follows the standard first declension for nouns ending in -ия. Because it describes a relationship or a state, it is frequently used with prepositions that define the participants and the object of the struggle. Understanding these patterns is key to sounding natural in Russian.

The Preposition 'Между' (Between)
When you want to specify who is competing, use 'между' followed by the Instrumental case. This is the most common way to define the scope of the rivalry.

Конкуренция между этими двумя компаниями длится уже десятилетия.

Another vital construction involves the preposition 'за' (for), which indicates the goal or the resource being fought over. This is followed by the Accusative case. For instance, 'конкуренция за таланты' (competition for talent) or 'конкуренция за рынки сбыта' (competition for sales markets). This helps clarify the motivation behind the actions of the competitors.

Adjectival Modifiers
Adjectives are crucial for describing the nature of the competition. 'Острая' (sharp/acute), 'высокая' (high), 'мировая' (global), and 'честная' (fair) are frequent companions to this noun.

В условиях жёсткой конкуренции выживают только самые эффективные предприятия.

Verbs also play a significant role. You can 'выдерживать' (withstand) competition, 'проигрывать' (lose) it, or 'стимулировать' (stimulate) it. When the competition increases, we say it 'обостряется' (intensifies). When it decreases, it 'ослабевает' (weakens). Mastery of these verb-noun pairs allows for much more descriptive and precise communication in business and academic settings.

The Genitive of Absence
When stating that there is no competition, use the Genitive case: 'Здесь нет никакой конкуренции' (There is no competition here whatsoever).

Благодаря отсутствию конкуренции, фирма стала монополистом в регионе.

Finally, consider the word in the context of 'вне конкуренции' (beyond competition). This phrase is used to describe something so superior that nothing else can compare to it. It is a high compliment for a product, an athlete, or an idea. For example, 'Её талант был вне конкуренции' means her talent was unmatched.

The word конкуренция is a staple of Russian public discourse, appearing daily in news broadcasts, financial reports, and academic lectures. If you turn on a Russian news channel like Rossiya 24 or RBK, you will hear it within minutes in the context of global markets, sanctions, or domestic economic policy. It is a 'serious' word that signals a shift from casual conversation to professional or analytical discussion.

In Business Meetings
Corporate strategy sessions revolve around this term. Managers discuss 'анализ конкуренции' (competition analysis) and how to gain a 'конкурентное преимущество' (competitive advantage).

Нам нужно изучить конкуренцию на китайском рынке перед запуском продукта.

In the educational system, especially at the university level, students hear this word regarding their future careers and university admissions. Professors might speak about the 'высокая конкуренция при поступлении' (high competition for admission) to prestigious faculties like Law or Economics at Moscow State University (MGU). This prepares students for the reality of the labor market, where 'конкуренция за рабочие места' (competition for jobs) is a constant theme.

Politics and Geopolitics
Politicians use the word to describe the struggle between nations or political parties. 'Геополитическая конкуренция' is a common phrase in international relations discussions.

Мировая конкуренция за природные ресурсы продолжает расти.

You will also encounter this word in popular science documentaries and articles about evolution. Biologists discuss 'внутривидовая конкуренция' (intraspecific competition) when explaining why certain traits are passed down. It provides a scientific, objective way to describe the struggle for life. Even in everyday life, someone might complain about the 'огромная конкуренция' at a popular restaurant where it's impossible to get a table, using the word slightly more hyperbolically.

In the Tech World
Startups and tech giants are in constant 'технологическая конкуренция' to develop the next big AI or hardware breakthrough.

Конкуренция в сфере искусственного интеллекта меняет мир каждый день.

Ultimately, hearing this word suggests a situation where performance matters and results are compared. It is a word of high stakes and measurable outcomes, making it indispensable for anyone navigating the professional or intellectual landscape of the Russian-speaking world.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Russian is the confusion between конкуренция (the process/condition) and конкурент (the person/entity). In English, 'competition' can sometimes refer to the people you are competing against (e.g., 'The competition is tough today'). In Russian, you cannot say 'Конкуренция очень сильная' to mean the people are strong; you must mean the *state* of competing is intense. If you want to talk about the rivals themselves, use 'конкуренты'.

Mistake 1: Confusing the State with the People
Incorrect: 'Наша конкуренция очень умная' (Our competition is very smart). Correct: 'Наши конкуренты очень умные' (Our competitors are very smart).

Мы должны уважать своих конкурентов, но стремиться победить в конкуренции.

Another common pitfall is the misuse of 'конкуренция' versus 'соревнование'. While both translate to 'competition', 'соревнование' is almost always used for sports, organized contests, or friendly matches. Using 'конкуренция' for a football match sounds strange and overly clinical. Conversely, using 'соревнование' to describe the struggle between Apple and Samsung for market share sounds too much like a school sports day. Context is everything.

Mistake 2: Prepositional Errors
Learners often use 'для' (for) instead of 'за' when describing the object of competition. 'Конкуренция для ресурсов' is wrong; it must be 'конкуренция за ресурсы'.

Школьники ведут конкуренцию за лучшие оценки.

Spelling can also be an issue. The word is 'конкуренция' (with 'е' after 'р'). Beginners sometimes try to spell it phonetically based on English, leading to 'конкуриция' or other variations. It is helpful to remember the verb 'конкурировать' (to compete), which shares the same root. Finally, remember that 'конкуренция' is an abstract noun. In Russian, abstract nouns are frequently used without articles (since Russian has no articles), but their placement in the sentence and their case endings are vital for clarity.

Mistake 3: Overuse in Informal Speech
Using this word when playing a board game with friends sounds too formal. Use 'соперничество' or simply 'кто победит?' (who will win?).

Между друзьями не должно быть конкуренции.

By avoiding these common errors—distinguishing between the state and the actors, choosing the right word for the context (market vs. sport), and using the correct prepositions—you will communicate much more effectively and sound like a sophisticated Russian speaker.

Russian is rich in synonyms for 'competition', each with its own nuance and register. Choosing the right one can change the tone of your sentence from scientific to poetic to casual. While конкуренция is the standard term for business and biology, other words like 'соперничество', 'борьба', and 'состязание' offer different shades of meaning.

Соперничество (Rivalry)
This word is more personal and emotional than 'конкуренция'. It is used for rivals in love, art, or long-standing personal feuds. It implies a direct confrontation between specific individuals.

Их соперничество началось ещё в начальной школе.

Another powerful alternative is 'борьба' (struggle/fight). This is broader and more intense. It can describe a 'борьба за выживание' (struggle for survival) or 'политическая борьба' (political struggle). While 'конкуренция' suggests a regulated process (like a market), 'борьба' can imply a more chaotic or violent conflict where the rules might not be as clear.

Состязание (Contest/Match)
This is a formal or literary word for a contest. It is often used for poetry slams, musical contests, or ancient Olympic games. It has a noble, organized feel to it.

Завтра состоится состязание юных пианистов.

For sports specifically, 'соревнование' is the go-to term. It is used for everything from the World Cup to a local swimming meet. If you are describing a race or a match, 'соревнование' is almost always the correct choice. Interestingly, in the Soviet era, 'социалистическое соревнование' was a common term for workers competing to exceed production quotas—a state-sanctioned alternative to 'capitalist' competition.

Противостояние (Confrontation/Stand-off)
Used for long-term conflicts, often between ideological groups or nations. It suggests a lack of cooperation and a state of being 'against' one another.

Холодная война была периодом глобального противостояния.

By understanding these alternatives, you can navigate the nuances of Russian social and professional life. You will know when to sound like an economist (конкуренция), a novelist (соперничество), a sports commentator (соревнование), or a historian (борьба). Each word is a tool that helps you paint a more precise picture of the human (and natural) experience of striving for more.

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수준별 예문

1

Здесь большая конкуренция.

There is a lot of competition here.

Subject + adjective + noun. Simple nominative case.

2

Это честная конкуренция?

Is this fair competition?

Interrogative sentence using a descriptive adjective.

3

Конкуренция — это хорошо.

Competition is good.

Using a dash to equate a noun with an adverb/state.

4

У нас нет конкуренции.

We have no competition.

Genitive case after 'нет'.

5

Я не люблю конкуренцию.

I don't like competition.

Accusative case as the direct object of a verb.

6

Маленькая конкуренция — это скучно.

Small competition is boring.

Adjective-noun agreement in the feminine gender.

7

Где здесь конкуренция?

Where is the competition here?

Basic question word 'где'.

8

Эта конкуренция очень сильная.

This competition is very strong.

Demonstrative pronoun 'эта' matching the feminine noun.

1

Между нами большая конкуренция.

There is a lot of competition between us.

Use of 'между' with the instrumental case 'нами'.

2

В бизнесе всегда есть конкуренция.

In business, there is always competition.

Prepositional case for 'бизнесе'.

3

Они боятся конкуренции.

They are afraid of competition.

Genitive case after the verb 'бояться'.

4

Здоровая конкуренция помогает всем.

Healthy competition helps everyone.

Adjective 'здоровая' (healthy) used figuratively.

5

На рынке высокая конкуренция.

There is high competition in the market.

Adjective 'высокая' is the standard way to say 'high'.

6

Мы победили в этой конкуренции.

We won in this competition.

Prepositional case after 'в'.

7

Конкуренция за клиентов растет.

Competition for clients is growing.

Preposition 'за' + Accusative for the object of competition.

8

Без конкуренции цены будут высокими.

Without competition, prices will be high.

Genitive case after 'без'.

1

Жёсткая конкуренция заставляет нас работать лучше.

Tough competition forces us to work better.

The verb 'заставлять' requires an infinitive.

2

Благодаря конкуренции качество товаров улучшилось.

Thanks to competition, the quality of goods has improved.

Dative case after 'благодаря'.

3

Эта фирма не выдержала конкуренции и закрылась.

This firm could not withstand the competition and closed down.

The phrase 'выдержать конкуренцию' in the genitive negative.

4

Между банками идет постоянная конкуренция за вкладчиков.

There is constant competition between banks for depositors.

Verb 'идти' used to describe an ongoing process.

5

Свободная конкуренция — основа рыночной экономики.

Free competition is the basis of a market economy.

Compound sentence with a definition structure.

6

Мы должны изучить конкуренцию в этом регионе.

We must study the competition in this region.

Direct object in the accusative case.

7

Конкуренция может быть не только в бизнесе, но и в спорте.

Competition can be not only in business, but also in sports.

Correlative conjunction 'не только... но и'.

8

Они создали условия для честной конкуренции.

They created conditions for fair competition.

Genitive case after 'для'.

1

Недобросовестная конкуренция преследуется по закону.

Unfair competition is prosecuted by law.

Passive construction with 'преследуется'.

2

Вне конкуренции оказался новый проект молодого архитектора.

The new project by the young architect turned out to be beyond competition.

Idiomatic phrase 'вне конкуренции' meaning 'the best'.

3

Обострение конкуренции привело к снижению цен на нефть.

The intensification of competition led to a decrease in oil prices.

Verbal noun 'обострение' followed by genitive.

4

Конкуренция на рынке труда становится всё более интенсивной.

Competition in the labor market is becoming increasingly intensive.

Comparative structure 'всё более'.

5

Необходимо развивать конкуренцию для стимулирования инноваций.

It is necessary to develop competition to stimulate innovation.

Infinitive 'развивать' as part of a modal construction.

6

Ценовая конкуренция больше не является главным фактором успеха.

Price competition is no longer the main factor for success.

Instrumental case after 'является'.

7

Мы столкнулись с серьезной конкуренцией со стороны азиатских компаний.

We faced serious competition from Asian companies.

Instrumental case after the verb 'столкнуться'.

8

Конкуренция идей — это то, что двигает науку вперед.

Competition of ideas is what moves science forward.

Abstract usage of the noun.

1

Антимонопольная служба следит за соблюдением правил конкуренции.

The antimonopoly service monitors compliance with competition rules.

Complex genitive chain: 'соблюдением правил конкуренции'.

2

Межвидовая конкуренция играет ключевую роль в процессе естественного отбора.

Interspecific competition plays a key role in the process of natural selection.

Scientific terminology usage.

3

Глобализация привела к беспрецедентному росту международной конкуренции.

Globalization has led to an unprecedented increase in international competition.

Dative case after 'привела к'.

4

В условиях совершенной конкуренции ни один продавец не может влиять на цену.

Under conditions of perfect competition, no single seller can influence the price.

Economic term 'совершенная конкуренция'.

5

Политическая конкуренция является необходимым условием демократии.

Political competition is a necessary condition for democracy.

Abstract political usage.

6

Ослабление конкуренции может привести к застою в экономике.

The weakening of competition can lead to stagnation in the economy.

Verbal noun 'ослабление' + genitive.

7

Конкуренция за таланты становится главным вызовом для HR-департаментов.

The competition for talent is becoming the main challenge for HR departments.

Usage in a corporate/HR context.

8

Эффективная конкуренция невозможна без прозрачности рынка.

Effective competition is impossible without market transparency.

Negative construction with 'без'.

1

Диалектика конкуренции и сотрудничества определяет вектор развития цивилизации.

The dialectic of competition and cooperation determines the vector of civilization's development.

Philosophical register.

2

Парадигма рыночной конкуренции претерпела значительные изменения в цифровую эпоху.

The paradigm of market competition has undergone significant changes in the digital era.

Use of the high-level verb 'претерпеть'.

3

Внутривидовая конкуренция зачастую бывает более острой, чем межвидовая.

Intraspecific competition is often more acute than interspecific competition.

Comparative degree 'более острой'.

4

Конкуренция за право обладания ресурсами нередко перерастает в открытые конфликты.

Competition for the right to possess resources often escalates into open conflicts.

Complex noun phrase with 'право обладания'.

5

Эволюционный успех вида напрямую зависит от его способности выдерживать конкуренцию.

The evolutionary success of a species directly depends on its ability to withstand competition.

Genitive case after 'способности'.

6

Нивелирование конкуренции через государственное вмешательство может иметь долгосрочные негативные последствия.

The leveling out of competition through state intervention can have long-term negative consequences.

Verbal noun 'нивелирование'.

7

Конкуренция дискурсов в медийном пространстве формирует общественное мнение.

The competition of discourses in the media space shapes public opinion.

Academic/sociological usage.

8

Апологеты свободной конкуренции утверждают, что рынок саморегулируется.

Apologists for free competition argue that the market is self-regulating.

High-level vocabulary 'апологеты'.

자주 쓰는 조합

жёсткая конкуренция
здоровая конкуренция
недобросовестная конкуренция
выдерживать конкуренцию
ценовая конкуренция
свободная конкуренция
конкуренция за ресурсы
отсутствие конкуренции
мировая конкуренция
обострение конкуренции

자주 쓰는 구문

Вне конкуренции

— To be the best, having no equals. Used to praise superior quality.

Её голос был просто вне конкуренции.

Составить конкуренцию

— To become a rival to someone or something. To be able to compete.

Этот новый продукт может составить конкуренцию лидеру рынка.

Условия конкуренции

— The rules or environment in which competition takes place.

Условия конкуренции должны быть одинаковыми для всех.

Проигрывать в конкуренции

— To lose out to rivals in a competitive environment.

Наш завод проигрывает в конкуренции импортным товарам.

Двигатель конкуренции

— Something that drives or stimulates competitive behavior.

Реклама — это не только двигатель торговли, но и конкуренции.

Подавлять конкуренцию

— To use power or influence to stop others from competing.

Монополии часто пытаются подавлять конкуренцию.

Стимулировать конкуренцию

— To encourage more rivalry to improve results.

Государство должно стимулировать конкуренцию в образовании.

Жертва конкуренции

— A person or company that suffered or failed due to intense rivalry.

Этот старый бренд стал жертвой конкуренции.

Анализ конкуренции

— The process of studying rivals to gain an advantage.

Анализ конкуренции — первый шаг бизнес-плана.

Дух конкуренции

— The psychological drive or atmosphere of wanting to win.

В нашем офисе царит дух конкуренции.

관용어 및 표현

"Выжить в конкуренции"

— To manage to stay in business or keep a position despite pressure. Similar to 'survival of the fittest'.

В этом бизнесе сложно выжить в конкуренции.

Neutral
"Здоровая конкуренция"

— Competition that leads to positive results and follows fair rules.

Нам нужна здоровая конкуренция, а не вражда.

Neutral
"Грязная конкуренция"

— Using unethical methods to win against rivals.

Они используют грязную конкуренцию, чтобы убрать нас с рынка.

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