영어 전치사: with과 without
with와 without을 잘 쓰면 친구, 도구, 그리고 뭔가 없을 때 어떤 상황인지 «자세히 설명»할 수 있어요.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'with' to show things or people together, and 'without' to show when something is missing or alone.
- Use 'with' for people you are with: 'I am with my friend.'
- Use 'with' for tools or ingredients: 'I eat with a fork.'
- Use 'without' for things that are missing: 'I like tea without sugar.'
Overview
without 긴 비행을 버텨보려고 한 적 있어? 아니면 오트 밀크 with 커피를 주문했는데 1달러가 더 비싸다는 걸 깨달았다거나? 이 두 단어, with와 without은 영어에서 분위기를 결정짓는 아주 중요한 역할을 해.with와 without을 영어의 절친이라고 생각해봐. 한 명은 모두를 하나로 모으는 사교적인 친구(with)고, 다른 한 명은 단순한 걸 좋아하는 미니멀리스트 친구(without)야. 이 단어들은 전치사라고 불러.with 상태인 거지. 파티에서 휴대폰을 잃어버렸다면(우리 다 그런 적 있잖아?) 휴대폰 without 상태가 되는 거고.How This Grammar Works
with와 without을 사용하는 건 레고 블록을 가지고 노는 것과 같아. 그냥 딱 끼워 맞추기만 하면 되거든. 철자를 바꿀 필요도 없고, 복잡한 동사 시제를 걱정할 필요도 없어.with + my friend나 without + her처럼 말이야.with 글을 쓴다거나. 들고 있는 물건을 설명할 때도 좋아. 우산 with 상태니?without 비에 흠뻑 젖고 있니? 이 단어들은 음식 주문할 때도 완벽해. 그냥 평범한 버거인지 아니면 예술 작품인지의 차이를 만들어주지.I am with라고만 하면 안 돼. 사람들이 "누구랑?Formation Pattern
with 또는 without.
with | sugar | I drink tea with sugar.
without | shoes | She walks without shoes.
with | us | They play with us.
I든, She든, They든 상관없어. 전치사는 항상 그대로야. 문장에서 가장 의리 있는 부분이지. 강조하고 싶을 때는 문장 맨 앞에 쓸 수도 있어. Without you, I am lost. (너 없인 난 길을 잃어. 노래 가사나 절박한 문자 메시지에 딱인 아주 드라마틱한 표현이지.) 아니면, With this app, I can learn English faster.라고 할 수도 있고. 이런 유연함 덕분에 아주 강력한 도구가 돼. 그냥 이 패턴만 따라가면 돼: [행동/사물] + [전치사] + [명사/대명사]. 언제나 성공적인 공식이야.
When To Use It
with와 without을 사용할 이유는 수만 가지야. 가장 흔한 상황들을 한번 보자.- 동반 (Accompaniment): 사람들과 무언가를 할 때 사용해. "I'm at the mall
withSarah." 내가 외로운 유령이 아니라는 걸 보여주지. - 도구 및 수단 (Tools and Instruments): 어떤 동작을 어떻게 하고 있어? "I'm filming this TikTok
withmy new tripod." 삼각대가 너의 도구인 셈이야. - 재료 및 특징 (Ingredients and Features): 음식이나 전자기기에 쓰기 딱 좋아.
A latte
이나withvanilla syrupA laptop
처럼 말이야.witha touch screen - 태도나 감정 (Manner or Feeling): 기분이 어때?
He speaks
혹은withconfidence.She listened
(아, 이건 좀 상처네).withoutinterest - 소유 (Possession): 무엇을 가지고 있어?
The girl
군중 속에서 누군가를 특정할 때 도움이 돼.withthe blue hair. - 조건 (Conditions): "You can't enter
withouta ticket." 규칙을 정할 때 써.
without을 써서 너의 식사를 지켜내자!Common Mistakes
without대신no사용하기:I go to school with no books
라고 하지 마. 사람들이 알아듣긴 하겠지만, 좀 어색하게 들려.I go to school
라고 하는 게 훨씬 깔끔해.withoutbooks- 잘못된 어순:
The sugar
처럼 간단한 문장 끝에 전치사를 두지 마.withtea is goodTea
이라고 해야 해. 전치사는 사건의 중심에 있는 걸 좋아하거든.withsugar is good with라고 해야 할 때and사용하기:I study and my friend
는 틀린 표현이야.I study
라고 써야 해.withmy friend- 대상을 빼먹기: 그냥
I am without이라고만 하면 안 돼. 뭐가 없다는 거야? 휴대폰? 자존심? 열쇠? 항상 생각을 마무리 지어줘. with와by헷갈리기: 이건 정말 흔한 실수야.I write by a pen
이라고 하지 말고,I write
이라고 해.witha penwith는 물리적인 도구에 쓰고,by는 방법(예:by hand)에 쓰는 거야.
with you)이지, 네 적이 아니니까!Contrast With Similar Patterns
with와 without의 주인공 자리를 뺏으려 할 때가 있어. 혼란을 정리해보자.withvs.for:with는 연결을 보여줘.I am
withyou.for는 목적이나 혜택을 보여주지.This coffee is
누군가에게 커피를 줄 때는foryou.for를 쓰고, 같이 마실 때는with를 써.withoutvs.except:without은 부재를 보여줘. "I'mwithouta car.
Everyone is hereexcept는 그룹에서의 제외를 보여주지.exceptJohn." 가지고 있지 않은 것에는without을 쓰고, 목록에서 빼는 것에는except를 써.withvs.by: 아까 말했듯이with는 도구에 써.Open it
witha knife.by는 행위자나 수단에 쓰지.It was opened
나byMarkI travel
처럼 말이야.bybus
Quick FAQ
도구에 with를 써도 돼?
응! 일을 할 때 사용하는 건 뭐든지 쓸 수 있어.
I eat with a fork.
without은 not with와 같은 뜻이야?
기본적으로는 그래. 하지만 without이 한 단어이기도 하고 대부분의 상황에서 훨씬 자연스럽게 들려.
감정에도 with를 쓸 수 있어?
당연하지.
She smiled with happiness. 행동의 분위기를 설명해주거든.
with의 반대말은 뭐야?
대부분의 맥락에서 반대말은 without이야. 완벽한 짝꿍이지.
문장을 without으로 시작해도 돼?
응. 강조할 때 아주 좋아. "Without Wi-Fi, I can't work." (현대 사회의 비극이지).
문자로 «나 그녀와 함께 있어»라고 어떻게 말해?
그냥 이렇게 말하면 돼! "I'm with her at the gym." 아주 흔하고 유용한 표현이야.
with 다음에 관사(a/an/the)가 꼭 필요해?
명사가 셀 수 있는 명사라면 보통 필요해.
With a phone이나 With the manager처럼 말이야.
without 뒤에 -ing 동사를 쓸 수 있어?
응!
He left without saying goodbye. 이건 조금 더 고급 문법이지만 정말 유용해.
Basic Structure of With/Without
| Preposition | Object Type | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
with
|
Noun
|
with a friend
|
|
without
|
Noun
|
without money
|
|
with
|
Object Pronoun
|
with me / him / us
|
|
without
|
Object Pronoun
|
without her / them
|
|
with
|
Gerund (-ing)
|
with smiling (rare)
|
|
without
|
Gerund (-ing)
|
without crying
|
Informal Abbreviations
| Full Word | Abbreviation | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
with
|
w/
|
Texting/Notes
|
|
without
|
w/o
|
Texting/Notes
|
Meanings
Prepositions used to indicate accompaniment, the use of a tool, or the absence of something.
Accompaniment
Being together with another person or thing.
“I live with my parents.”
“She is walking with her brother.”
Instrument/Tool
Using an object to perform an action.
“I write with a pen.”
“He cuts the bread with a knife.”
Possession/Features
Describing a person or thing by what they have.
“The girl with blue eyes.”
“A house with a big garden.”
Absence
The lack or omission of something.
“I can't see without my glasses.”
“Coffee without milk, please.”
Manner
How an action is performed.
“She speaks with confidence.”
“Handle with care.”
Reference Table
| 전치사 | 핵심 의미 | 예시 (영어) |
|---|---|---|
|
with
|
함께 / 가지고 있는
|
Coffee with milk, go with friends
|
|
with
|
도구를 사용하여
|
Cut with a knife, write with a pen
|
|
with
|
동반
|
Plays with his band, lives with his family
|
|
with
|
방식 / 특징
|
Spoke with passion, person with good ideas
|
|
without
|
가지고 있지 않은 / 부족한
|
Tea without sugar, left without a coat
|
|
without
|
조건의 부재
|
Can't enter without a ticket, impossible without help
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
I shall be accompanied by my colleague. (socializing)
I am going with my friend. (socializing)
I'm hanging with my bestie. (socializing)
I'm rollin' with my squad. (socializing)
수준별 예문
I drink coffee with milk.
She is with her friend.
I want water without ice.
He plays with a ball.
Can you come with me?
They are without a car today.
The man with the red hat is my uncle.
You can't enter without a ticket.
I am writing with a new pen.
She left the room without a word.
We are happy with our new house.
He walked home with his dog.
He handled the situation with great patience.
Without knowing the truth, I cannot decide.
I'm bored with this movie.
She arrived with her luggage already packed.
Can we live without technology?
He spoke with a slight accent.
The results are consistent with our theory.
He was faced with a difficult choice.
Without a doubt, this is the best pizza.
She was trembling with fear.
I can't deal with this right now.
With the deadline approaching, we must hurry.
With all due respect, I disagree.
The project was fraught with difficulties.
He is a man with many strings to his bow.
Without so much as a glance, he walked past.
What with the rain and the wind, the party was ruined.
She is synonymous with success.
The treaty was signed with a view to ending the war.
He was left without a leg to stand on.
With the best will in the world, it won't work.
She bore the news with stoic resignation.
The city was teeming with life.
Without recourse to violence, they sought peace.
혼동하기 쉬운
Learners use 'by' for tools because it feels like the 'method' of doing something.
Sometimes 'with' is used when 'and' is more natural for joining two subjects.
Learners use 'without' to start a conditional clause where 'unless' is needed.
자주 하는 실수
I am with I.
I am with me.
I write by a pen.
I write with a pen.
Coffee with out sugar.
Coffee without sugar.
I go with bus.
I go by bus.
He left without to say goodbye.
He left without saying goodbye.
The man with the blue eyes is here.
The man with blue eyes is here.
I am bored of this.
I am bored with this.
Without your help, I can't do it.
Without your help, I couldn't do it.
With the respect...
With all due respect...
문장 패턴
I like my ___ with ___.
I can't ___ without my ___.
The ___ with the ___ is ___.
He left without ___ing.
Real World Usage
A latte with oat milk and without sugar, please.
I have five years of experience with Python.
My computer won't start without the charger.
R u w/ Sarah?
Are you traveling with any liquids?
Looking for someone with a good sense of humor.
'더하기' 또는 '빼기'처럼 생각해 보세요
with를 더하기(+)라고 생각해 보세요. 뭔가 «더해지는» 느낌이죠. without은 빼기(-)라고 생각하면, 뭔가 «없어지는» 느낌이에요. 이렇게 생각하면 뭘 써야 할지 빨리 고를 수 있을 거예요! Coffee with milk (우유 추가), Tea without sugar (설탕 제거).행동에 대한 with와 by를 헷갈리지 마세요
with와 by를 헷갈리지 마세요! with는 «도구»를 쓸 때 사용해요 (예: write with a pen).
by는 보통 «누가» 했는지 또는 «어떤 방법»으로 했는지 말할 때 사용해요 (예: written by Shakespeare, travel by bus). 서로 바꿔 쓸 수 없어요!동사 뒤에는 without + -ing
without 뒤에 동사 -ing를 붙여서 사용할 수 있어요. 예를 들어, She left without saying goodbye.이건 아주 흔하고 자연스러운 표현이랍니다.
음식 주문할 때 with / without 활용
with와 without은 정말 유용해요! Coffee with milk (우유 넣은 커피), burger without onions (양파 없는 버거) 같은 표현을 카페나 배달 앱에서 많이 쓸 거예요!일상생활에서 연습해 보세요
I woke up without an alarm.(알람 없이 일어났어요.)
I ate breakfast with my roommate.(룸메이트랑 아침을 먹었어요.) 이렇게 자기 생각에 적용하면 더 빨리 익숙해질 거예요.
Smart Tips
Always use 'with' for what you want and 'without' for what you don't want. It's the most polite and clear way to order.
Change it to 'me' or 'us' immediately. Prepositions always take the object form.
Use 'with' for things they are wearing or physical features. It's like a shortcut for a long sentence.
Always add '-ing' to the verb. Never use 'to' or the base form.
발음
The 'th' in With
In 'with', the 'th' can be voiced /ð/ or unvoiced /θ/. Both are correct.
Linking
When 'with' is followed by a vowel, the 'th' links to the next word.
Reduction of Without
In fast speech, the first syllable of 'without' is very short.
Emphasis on Without
I said WITHOUT sugar!
Used when a mistake was made in an order.
암기하기
기억법
WITH: We Include These Here. WITHOUT: We Ignore These Out Under Today.
시각적 연상
Imagine a magnet. 'With' is the magnet pulling two things together. 'Without' is the same poles pushing things apart, leaving a gap.
Rhyme
With is for a friend or tool, Without means empty, that's the rule!
Story
A chef is making a soup. He adds salt 'with' a spoon. He realizes he is 'without' onions. He goes to the store 'with' his bag.
Word Web
챌린지
Look around your room. Name 3 things you have 'with' you and 3 things you are 'without' right now.
문화 노트
In the UK, 'with' is often used in the phrase 'Are you finished with that?' when a waiter wants to take your plate.
Americans often use 'with' in the phrase 'to go with' meaning to match or look good together.
When invited to a party, 'with' usually implies you can bring a guest ('plus one'), while 'without' is rarely used on invitations but implied if no guest is mentioned.
'With' comes from Old English 'wið', which originally meant 'against' or 'opposite' (like in 'withstand'). 'Without' comes from 'wið' + 'utan' (outside).
대화 시작하기
Do you like your coffee with or without sugar?
Who do you live with?
What is one thing you cannot live without?
If you go to a desert island, who would you go with?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
She arrived at the party ___ her sister.
Choose the correct sentence:
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesI like my pizza ___ extra cheese.
He is very lonely. He is ___ any friends.
Find and fix the mistake:
She is going to the party with I.
sugar / coffee / I / without / drink
Match the phrases.
I open the box ___ a key.
The girl ___ the yellow umbrella is my sister.
He left the house ___ his keys.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesHe likes his coffee black, ___ milk.
I went to the store and my dog.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella no puede vivir sin su familia.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the following phrases:
Please leave the package ___ the front desk.
Translate into English: 'Ella canta con mucha pasión.'
I can't focus work noise.
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
Yes! In casual English, it is very common. For example: 'Who are you going with?' is more natural than 'With whom are you going?'
Yes, it has a negative meaning (lack of something), but it doesn't make the whole sentence grammatically negative like 'not' does.
Use `with` for tools (with a hammer) and `by` for methods or people (by bus, by John).
Use 'with me' for normal accompaniment. 'With myself' is only used if you are the subject of the sentence (e.g., 'I am angry with myself').
Yes, but use the -ing form. 'He left without eating.'
No, it is just an abbreviation for 'with' used in texting and note-taking.
Use 'with'. For example: 'The boy with green eyes.'
No, that is a double negative. Say 'without any' or just 'without' + noun.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
con / sin
English uses 'by' for transport, Spanish uses 'con'.
avec / sans
English uses -ing after 'without'; French uses the infinitive.
mit / ohne
English doesn't change the noun's ending after the preposition.
と (to) / なしで (nashi de)
English prepositions come BEFORE the noun; Japanese particles come AFTER.
مع (ma'a) / بدون (bi-duni)
Arabic can use a prefix (bi-) for tools, while English always uses a full word (with).
跟 (gēn) / 没有 (méiyǒu)
Chinese often uses verbs where English uses prepositions.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
관련 동영상
Chris Fleming on Nightmare Stand-Up Gig, Jacob Elordi Kissing Jimmy & Being in a Super Bowl Ad
INSIDE OUT Clips (2015) Disney Pixar
Rain, Rain, Go Away Nursery Rhyme in 4K - ChuChu TV Kids Songs for Infants #ChuChuTV100M
Grammar rules for prepositions | Common English Grammar Mistakes
WOW English
10 EASY Grammar Rules For PREPOSITIONS (in, at, on, to, for, etc.)
linguamarina
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