A1 Prepositions 3 min read 쉬움

영어 전치사: with과 without

withwithout을 잘 쓰면 친구, 도구, 그리고 뭔가 없을 때 어떤 상황인지 «자세히 설명»할 수 있어요.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'with' to show things or people together, and 'without' to show when something is missing or alone.

  • Use 'with' for people you are with: 'I am with my friend.'
  • Use 'with' for tools or ingredients: 'I eat with a fork.'
  • Use 'without' for things that are missing: 'I like tea without sugar.'
👤 + 🤝 + 👤 = with | 👤 - ☕ = without

Overview

헤드폰 without 긴 비행을 버텨보려고 한 적 있어? 아니면 오트 밀크 with 커피를 주문했는데 1달러가 더 비싸다는 걸 깨달았다거나? 이 두 단어, withwithout은 영어에서 분위기를 결정짓는 아주 중요한 역할을 해.
무엇이 포함되어 있고 무엇이 빠졌는지를 알려주거든. 문장에서 플러스(+)와 마이너스(-) 기호 같은 존재라고 생각하면 돼. 틴더 자기소개를 쓰든, 앱으로 부리토를 주문하든 이 도구들이 꼭 필요해.
간단하지만 아주 큰 의미를 담고 있거든. 하나는 세상을 연결해주고, 다른 하나는 꼭 필요한 개인적인 공간을 만들어줘. 우리 일상에서 이 단어들이 어떻게 쓰이는지 한번 살펴보자.
withwithout을 영어의 절친이라고 생각해봐. 한 명은 모두를 하나로 모으는 사교적인 친구(with)고, 다른 한 명은 단순한 걸 좋아하는 미니멀리스트 친구(without)야. 이 단어들은 전치사라고 불러.
사물 사이의 관계를 보여준다는 뜻의 멋진 표현일 뿐이야. 손에 휴대폰이 있다면 휴대폰 with 상태인 거지. 파티에서 휴대폰을 잃어버렸다면(우리 다 그런 적 있잖아?) 휴대폰 without 상태가 되는 거고.
이 단어들은 주변 환경을 묘사하고, 필요한 걸 구체적으로 말하고, 감정을 표현하는 데 도움을 줘. A1 학습자들에게는 정말 필수적이야. 인스타그램 캡션부터 구직 면접까지 어디서나 등장하거든.
안 쓸 이유가 없지? 문장을 명확하고 구체적으로 만들어주니까. 이 단어들이 없으면 마치 길 잃은 관광객처럼 사물을 가리키기만 해야 할지도 몰라.
하지만 이 단어들과 함께라면 자기가 원하는 게 뭔지 정확히 아는 사람처럼 보일 거야.

How This Grammar Works

withwithout을 사용하는 건 레고 블록을 가지고 노는 것과 같아. 그냥 딱 끼워 맞추기만 하면 되거든. 철자를 바꿀 필요도 없고, 복잡한 동사 시제를 걱정할 필요도 없어.
아주 안정적인 단어들이지. 그냥 전치사를 명사나 대명사 앞에 두기만 하면 돼. 예를 들어 with + my friendwithout + her처럼 말이야.
이게 기본 원리야. 사람, 사물, 심지어 '사랑'이나 '두려움' 같은 추상적인 아이디어에도 다 쓸 수 있어. 무언가를 어떻게 하는지 묘사할 때도 쓸 수 있지.
예를 들어 펜 with 글을 쓴다거나. 들고 있는 물건을 설명할 때도 좋아. 우산 with 상태니?
아니면 우산 without 비에 흠뻑 젖고 있니? 이 단어들은 음식 주문할 때도 완벽해. 그냥 평범한 버거인지 아니면 예술 작품인지의 차이를 만들어주지.
하나만 기억해, 이 단어들은 항상 뒤에 대상(목적어)이 필요해. 그냥 I am with라고만 하면 안 돼. 사람들이 "누구랑?
뭐랑?" 하고 끝까지 기다릴 거거든. 상대방을 궁금하게 만들지 마! 하이파이브 하려고 손들었는데 아무도 안 받아주는 것 같은 상황이 될 테니까.

Formation Pattern

1
이 전치사들로 문장을 만드는 건 3단계 과정이야. 넷플릭스 새 프로필 만드는 것보다 쉽지.
2
메인 아이디어(명사나 동사구)로 시작해.
3
전치사를 넣어: with 또는 without.
4
대상(사람, 사물, 생각)을 추가해.
5
실제로 어떻게 쓰이는지 보여주는 간단한 표를 확인해봐:
6
Subject + Verb | Preposition | Object | Result
7
I drink tea | with | sugar | I drink tea with sugar.
8
She walks | without | shoes | She walks without shoes.
9
They play | with | us | They play with us.
10
전치사가 절대 변하지 않는 거 보이지? 주어가 I든, She든, They든 상관없어. 전치사는 항상 그대로야. 문장에서 가장 의리 있는 부분이지. 강조하고 싶을 때는 문장 맨 앞에 쓸 수도 있어.
Without you, I am lost.
(너 없인 난 길을 잃어. 노래 가사나 절박한 문자 메시지에 딱인 아주 드라마틱한 표현이지.) 아니면,
With this app, I can learn English faster.
라고 할 수도 있고. 이런 유연함 덕분에 아주 강력한 도구가 돼. 그냥 이 패턴만 따라가면 돼: [행동/사물] + [전치사] + [명사/대명사]. 언제나 성공적인 공식이야.

When To Use It

withwithout을 사용할 이유는 수만 가지야. 가장 흔한 상황들을 한번 보자.
  • 동반 (Accompaniment): 사람들과 무언가를 할 때 사용해. "I'm at the mall with Sarah." 내가 외로운 유령이 아니라는 걸 보여주지.
  • 도구 및 수단 (Tools and Instruments): 어떤 동작을 어떻게 하고 있어? "I'm filming this TikTok with my new tripod." 삼각대가 너의 도구인 셈이야.
  • 재료 및 특징 (Ingredients and Features): 음식이나 전자기기에 쓰기 딱 좋아.
    A latte with vanilla syrup
    이나
    A laptop with a touch screen
    처럼 말이야.
  • 태도나 감정 (Manner or Feeling): 기분이 어때?
    He speaks with confidence.
    혹은
    She listened without interest
    (아, 이건 좀 상처네).
  • 소유 (Possession): 무엇을 가지고 있어?
    The girl with the blue hair.
    군중 속에서 누군가를 특정할 때 도움이 돼.
  • 조건 (Conditions): "You can't enter without a ticket." 규칙을 정할 때 써.
단톡방에 문자를 보내든 배달 앱으로 음식을 시키든, 이 단어들은 최고의 도구야. 정확하게 표현할 수 있게 도와주거든. 아무도 버거에 예상치 못한 양파가 들어있는 걸 원치 않잖아. without을 써서 너의 식사를 지켜내자!

Common Mistakes

이 단어들이 간단하긴 하지만, 여전히 실수하는 사람들이 있어. 멋져 보이려다가 자기 발에 걸려 넘어지는 것 같은 상황이지.
  • without 대신 no 사용하기:
    I go to school with no books
    라고 하지 마. 사람들이 알아듣긴 하겠지만, 좀 어색하게 들려.
    I go to school without books
    라고 하는 게 훨씬 깔끔해.
  • 잘못된 어순:
    The sugar with tea is good
    처럼 간단한 문장 끝에 전치사를 두지 마.
    Tea with sugar is good
    이라고 해야 해. 전치사는 사건의 중심에 있는 걸 좋아하거든.
  • with라고 해야 할 때 and 사용하기:
    I study and my friend
    는 틀린 표현이야.
    I study with my friend
    라고 써야 해.
  • 대상을 빼먹기: 그냥 I am without이라고만 하면 안 돼. 뭐가 없다는 거야? 휴대폰? 자존심? 열쇠? 항상 생각을 마무리 지어줘.
  • withby 헷갈리기: 이건 정말 흔한 실수야.
    I write by a pen
    이라고 하지 말고,
    I write with a pen
    이라고 해. with는 물리적인 도구에 쓰고, by는 방법(예: by hand)에 쓰는 거야.
이런 실수들만 피하면 전문가처럼 보일 거야. 설령 실수하더라도 걱정 마. 영어 화자들은 보통 네 편(with you)이지, 네 적이 아니니까!

Contrast With Similar Patterns

가끔 다른 단어들이 withwithout의 주인공 자리를 뺏으려 할 때가 있어. 혼란을 정리해보자.
  • with vs. for: with는 연결을 보여줘.
    I am with you.
    for는 목적이나 혜택을 보여주지.
    This coffee is for you.
    누군가에게 커피를 줄 때는 for를 쓰고, 같이 마실 때는 with를 써.
  • without vs. except: without은 부재를 보여줘. "I'm without a car.
    except는 그룹에서의 제외를 보여주지.
    Everyone is here except John." 가지고 있지 않은 것에는 without을 쓰고, 목록에서 빼는 것에는 except를 써.
  • with vs. by: 아까 말했듯이 with는 도구에 써.
    Open it with a knife.
    by는 행위자나 수단에 쓰지.
    It was opened by Mark
    I travel by bus
    처럼 말이야.
이런 작은 차이들을 이해하는 건 영어 실력을 고화질로 업그레이드하는 것과 같아. 모든 게 더 선명하고 명확해질 거야.

Quick FAQ

Q

도구에 with를 써도 돼?

응! 일을 할 때 사용하는 건 뭐든지 쓸 수 있어.

I eat with a fork.

Q

withoutnot with와 같은 뜻이야?

기본적으로는 그래. 하지만 without이 한 단어이기도 하고 대부분의 상황에서 훨씬 자연스럽게 들려.

Q

감정에도 with를 쓸 수 있어?

당연하지.

She smiled with happiness.
행동의 분위기를 설명해주거든.

Q

with의 반대말은 뭐야?

대부분의 맥락에서 반대말은 without이야. 완벽한 짝꿍이지.

Q

문장을 without으로 시작해도 돼?

응. 강조할 때 아주 좋아. "Without Wi-Fi, I can't work." (현대 사회의 비극이지).

Q

문자로 «나 그녀와 함께 있어»라고 어떻게 말해?

그냥 이렇게 말하면 돼! "I'm with her at the gym." 아주 흔하고 유용한 표현이야.

Q

with 다음에 관사(a/an/the)가 꼭 필요해?

명사가 셀 수 있는 명사라면 보통 필요해.

With a phone
이나
With the manager
처럼 말이야.

Q

without 뒤에 -ing 동사를 쓸 수 있어?

응!

He left without saying goodbye.
이건 조금 더 고급 문법이지만 정말 유용해.

Basic Structure of With/Without

Preposition Object Type Example
with
Noun
with a friend
without
Noun
without money
with
Object Pronoun
with me / him / us
without
Object Pronoun
without her / them
with
Gerund (-ing)
with smiling (rare)
without
Gerund (-ing)
without crying

Informal Abbreviations

Full Word Abbreviation Usage
with
w/
Texting/Notes
without
w/o
Texting/Notes

Meanings

Prepositions used to indicate accompaniment, the use of a tool, or the absence of something.

1

Accompaniment

Being together with another person or thing.

“I live with my parents.”

“She is walking with her brother.”

2

Instrument/Tool

Using an object to perform an action.

“I write with a pen.”

“He cuts the bread with a knife.”

3

Possession/Features

Describing a person or thing by what they have.

“The girl with blue eyes.”

“A house with a big garden.”

4

Absence

The lack or omission of something.

“I can't see without my glasses.”

“Coffee without milk, please.”

5

Manner

How an action is performed.

“She speaks with confidence.”

“Handle with care.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 영어 전치사: with과 without
전치사 핵심 의미 예시 (영어)
with
함께 / 가지고 있는
Coffee with milk, go with friends
with
도구를 사용하여
Cut with a knife, write with a pen
with
동반
Plays with his band, lives with his family
with
방식 / 특징
Spoke with passion, person with good ideas
without
가지고 있지 않은 / 부족한
Tea without sugar, left without a coat
without
조건의 부재
Can't enter without a ticket, impossible without help

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
I shall be accompanied by my colleague.

I shall be accompanied by my colleague. (socializing)

중립
I am going with my friend.

I am going with my friend. (socializing)

비격식체
I'm hanging with my bestie.

I'm hanging with my bestie. (socializing)

속어
I'm rollin' with my squad.

I'm rollin' with my squad. (socializing)

수준별 예문

1

I drink coffee with milk.

2

She is with her friend.

3

I want water without ice.

4

He plays with a ball.

5

Can you come with me?

6

They are without a car today.

1

The man with the red hat is my uncle.

2

You can't enter without a ticket.

3

I am writing with a new pen.

4

She left the room without a word.

5

We are happy with our new house.

6

He walked home with his dog.

1

He handled the situation with great patience.

2

Without knowing the truth, I cannot decide.

3

I'm bored with this movie.

4

She arrived with her luggage already packed.

5

Can we live without technology?

6

He spoke with a slight accent.

1

The results are consistent with our theory.

2

He was faced with a difficult choice.

3

Without a doubt, this is the best pizza.

4

She was trembling with fear.

5

I can't deal with this right now.

6

With the deadline approaching, we must hurry.

1

With all due respect, I disagree.

2

The project was fraught with difficulties.

3

He is a man with many strings to his bow.

4

Without so much as a glance, he walked past.

5

What with the rain and the wind, the party was ruined.

6

She is synonymous with success.

1

The treaty was signed with a view to ending the war.

2

He was left without a leg to stand on.

3

With the best will in the world, it won't work.

4

She bore the news with stoic resignation.

5

The city was teeming with life.

6

Without recourse to violence, they sought peace.

혼동하기 쉬운

English Prepositions: with and without With vs. By (Instruments)

Learners use 'by' for tools because it feels like the 'method' of doing something.

English Prepositions: with and without With vs. And

Sometimes 'with' is used when 'and' is more natural for joining two subjects.

English Prepositions: with and without Without vs. Unless

Learners use 'without' to start a conditional clause where 'unless' is needed.

자주 하는 실수

I am with I.

I am with me.

Always use object pronouns after prepositions.

I write by a pen.

I write with a pen.

Use 'with' for tools you hold.

Coffee with out sugar.

Coffee without sugar.

Without is one word.

I go with bus.

I go by bus.

Use 'by' for transport methods.

He left without to say goodbye.

He left without saying goodbye.

Use the -ing form after 'without'.

The man with the blue eyes is here.

The man with blue eyes is here.

Don't use 'the' for general features unless they are specific.

I am bored of this.

I am bored with this.

The standard preposition for 'bored' is 'with'.

Without your help, I can't do it.

Without your help, I couldn't do it.

Often requires a conditional mood in the main clause.

With the respect...

With all due respect...

This is a fixed idiomatic phrase.

문장 패턴

I like my ___ with ___.

I can't ___ without my ___.

The ___ with the ___ is ___.

He left without ___ing.

Real World Usage

Ordering at Starbucks very common

A latte with oat milk and without sugar, please.

Job Interview occasional

I have five years of experience with Python.

Tech Support common

My computer won't start without the charger.

Texting Friends constant

R u w/ Sarah?

Airport Check-in common

Are you traveling with any liquids?

Dating Apps common

Looking for someone with a good sense of humor.

💡

'더하기' 또는 '빼기'처럼 생각해 보세요

with를 더하기(+)라고 생각해 보세요. 뭔가 «더해지는» 느낌이죠. without은 빼기(-)라고 생각하면, 뭔가 «없어지는» 느낌이에요. 이렇게 생각하면 뭘 써야 할지 빨리 고를 수 있을 거예요! Coffee with milk (우유 추가), Tea without sugar (설탕 제거).
⚠️

행동에 대한 with와 by를 헷갈리지 마세요

행동에 대한 withby를 헷갈리지 마세요! with는 «도구»를 쓸 때 사용해요 (예:
write with a pen
). by는 보통 «누가» 했는지 또는 «어떤 방법»으로 했는지 말할 때 사용해요 (예: written by Shakespeare, travel by bus). 서로 바꿔 쓸 수 없어요!
🎯

동사 뒤에는 without + -ing

어떤 행동을 하지 않고 다른 행동을 했을 때, without 뒤에 동사 -ing를 붙여서 사용할 수 있어요. 예를 들어,
She left without saying goodbye.
이건 아주 흔하고 자연스러운 표현이랍니다.
🌍

음식 주문할 때 with / without 활용

음식을 주문할 때 withwithout은 정말 유용해요! Coffee with milk (우유 넣은 커피), burger without onions (양파 없는 버거) 같은 표현을 카페나 배달 앱에서 많이 쓸 거예요!
💡

일상생활에서 연습해 보세요

매일매일 일상생활을 떠올려 보세요.
I woke up without an alarm.
(알람 없이 일어났어요.)
I ate breakfast with my roommate.
(룸메이트랑 아침을 먹었어요.) 이렇게 자기 생각에 적용하면 더 빨리 익숙해질 거예요.

Smart Tips

Always use 'with' for what you want and 'without' for what you don't want. It's the most polite and clear way to order.

I want a burger. No onions. I'd like a burger without onions, please.

Change it to 'me' or 'us' immediately. Prepositions always take the object form.

Come with we. Come with us.

Use 'with' for things they are wearing or physical features. It's like a shortcut for a long sentence.

The man has a beard. He is my teacher. The man with the beard is my teacher.

Always add '-ing' to the verb. Never use 'to' or the base form.

He left without say goodbye. He left without saying goodbye.

발음

/wɪð/ or /wɪθ/

The 'th' in With

In 'with', the 'th' can be voiced /ð/ or unvoiced /θ/. Both are correct.

with-a -> /wɪðə/

Linking

When 'with' is followed by a vowel, the 'th' links to the next word.

/wə'θaʊt/

Reduction of Without

In fast speech, the first syllable of 'without' is very short.

Emphasis on Without

I said WITHOUT sugar!

Used when a mistake was made in an order.

암기하기

기억법

WITH: We Include These Here. WITHOUT: We Ignore These Out Under Today.

시각적 연상

Imagine a magnet. 'With' is the magnet pulling two things together. 'Without' is the same poles pushing things apart, leaving a gap.

Rhyme

With is for a friend or tool, Without means empty, that's the rule!

Story

A chef is making a soup. He adds salt 'with' a spoon. He realizes he is 'without' onions. He goes to the store 'with' his bag.

Word Web

togetherusinghavingmissinglackingaloneaccompanied

챌린지

Look around your room. Name 3 things you have 'with' you and 3 things you are 'without' right now.

문화 노트

In the UK, 'with' is often used in the phrase 'Are you finished with that?' when a waiter wants to take your plate.

Americans often use 'with' in the phrase 'to go with' meaning to match or look good together.

When invited to a party, 'with' usually implies you can bring a guest ('plus one'), while 'without' is rarely used on invitations but implied if no guest is mentioned.

'With' comes from Old English 'wið', which originally meant 'against' or 'opposite' (like in 'withstand'). 'Without' comes from 'wið' + 'utan' (outside).

대화 시작하기

Do you like your coffee with or without sugar?

Who do you live with?

What is one thing you cannot live without?

If you go to a desert island, who would you go with?

일기 주제

Describe your best friend. What do they look like? (Use 'with' for features)
Write about your morning routine. What tools do you use?
Imagine a day without technology. What would you do?
Discuss a time you had to work with someone you didn't like.

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

올바른 형태를 고르세요.

She arrived at the party ___ her sister.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
여기서는 'with'가 동반을 나타내요. 그녀는 언니와 함께 도착한 거예요.
올바른 문장을 고르세요. 객관식

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I can't live without Wi-Fi.
뭔가가 필수적이고 그것 없이는 살 수 없음을 표현할 때 'without'을 사용해요. 요즘 Wi-Fi는 정말 필수적이죠!
단어들을 순서대로 배열하여 문장을 만드세요. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She left without her phone.
올바른 순서는 '주어 + 동사 + without + 소유 대명사 + 명사'예요. 그녀는 휴대폰을 놓고 갔어요!

Score: /3

연습 문제

8 exercises
Choose the correct preposition. 객관식

I like my pizza ___ extra cheese.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
We use 'with' to show an ingredient is added.
Fill in the blank with 'with' or 'without'.

He is very lonely. He is ___ any friends.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: without
Being lonely implies a lack of friends.
Fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

She is going to the party with I.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with me
Prepositions must be followed by object pronouns.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Reorder

sugar / coffee / I / without / drink

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I drink coffee without sugar.
The standard order is Subject + Verb + Object + Prepositional Phrase.
Match the opposites. Match Pairs

Match the phrases.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: With milk / Without milk
With and Without are direct opposites.
With or By? 객관식

I open the box ___ a key.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
A key is a tool you hold, so use 'with'.
Fill in the blank.

The girl ___ the yellow umbrella is my sister.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
Use 'with' to describe someone by what they are carrying.
Choose the correct form. 객관식

He left the house ___ his keys.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: without
If he can't get back in, he is 'without' them.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
올바른 형태를 고르세요. 빈칸 채우기

He likes his coffee black, ___ milk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: without
실수 찾아서 고치세요. Error Correction

I went to the store and my dog.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I went to the store with my dog.
올바른 문장을 고르세요. 객관식

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The manager spoke with anger.
영어로 번역하세요. 번역

Translate into English: 'Ella no puede vivir sin su familia.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She cannot live without her family.","She can't live without her family."]
단어들을 순서대로 배열하여 문장을 만드세요. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He can't read without his glasses.
다음 구문들을 짝지으세요. Match Pairs

Match the following phrases:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
올바른 형태를 고르세요. 빈칸 채우기

Please leave the package ___ the front desk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
영어로 번역하세요. 번역

Translate into English: 'Ella canta con mucha pasión.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She sings with a lot of passion.","She sings with much passion."]
실수 찾아서 고치세요. Error Correction

I can't focus work noise.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I can't focus with work noise.
단어들을 순서대로 배열하여 문장을 만드세요. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Do you want to go shopping with me?

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

Yes! In casual English, it is very common. For example: 'Who are you going with?' is more natural than 'With whom are you going?'

Yes, it has a negative meaning (lack of something), but it doesn't make the whole sentence grammatically negative like 'not' does.

Use `with` for tools (with a hammer) and `by` for methods or people (by bus, by John).

Use 'with me' for normal accompaniment. 'With myself' is only used if you are the subject of the sentence (e.g., 'I am angry with myself').

Yes, but use the -ing form. 'He left without eating.'

No, it is just an abbreviation for 'with' used in texting and note-taking.

Use 'with'. For example: 'The boy with green eyes.'

No, that is a double negative. Say 'without any' or just 'without' + noun.

Scaffolded Practice

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Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

con / sin

English uses 'by' for transport, Spanish uses 'con'.

French high

avec / sans

English uses -ing after 'without'; French uses the infinitive.

German moderate

mit / ohne

English doesn't change the noun's ending after the preposition.

Japanese low

と (to) / なしで (nashi de)

English prepositions come BEFORE the noun; Japanese particles come AFTER.

Arabic moderate

مع (ma'a) / بدون (bi-duni)

Arabic can use a prefix (bi-) for tools, while English always uses a full word (with).

Chinese low

跟 (gēn) / 没有 (méiyǒu)

Chinese often uses verbs where English uses prepositions.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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