A1 Prepositions 3 min read 简单

英语介词：with 和 without

掌握了“with”和“without”，你就能轻松表达“同伴”、“工具”和“缺少”这些关键细节了！
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'with' to show things or people together, and 'without' to show when something is missing or alone.

  • Use 'with' for people you are with: 'I am with my friend.'
  • Use 'with' for tools or ingredients: 'I eat with a fork.'
  • Use 'without' for things that are missing: 'I like tea without sugar.'
👤 + 🤝 + 👤 = with | 👤 - ☕ = without

Overview

试过在长途飞行中没有耳机（without headphones）是怎么熬过来的吗？或者你点了一杯加了燕麦奶（with oat milk）的咖啡，结果发现要多付一块钱？这两个小词，with 和 without，简直是英语里的“氛围大师”。它们告诉你什么东西是带了的，什么东西是缺的。它们就像你句子里的加号和减号。无论你是在写 Tinder 简介，还是在 App 上点个卷饼，你都得用到这些“工具(gōngjù)”。虽然简单，但分量十足。一个让你与世界连接，另一个给你留出宝贵的个人空间。来看看它们在日常生活中是怎么发挥作用的吧。
把 with 和 without 想象成英语里的好哥们。一个是社交达人，喜欢把大家聚在一起（with）；另一个是极简主义者，更喜欢简简单单（without）。它们是介词。听起来挺高大上，其实就是用来展示事物之间关系的。如果你手里拿着手机，你就是 with your phone。如果你在派对上把它弄丢了（这种事儿大家都经历过），你就是 without it。这些词能帮你描述周围的环境，明确你的需求，还能表达你的感受。对于 A1 阶段的学习者来说，它们简直是“必备(bìbèi)”，因为到处都能见到。从 Instagram 的配文到工作面试，你根本躲不开它们。不过，干嘛要躲呢？它们能让你的句子变得清晰又具体。没有它们，你可能就像个迷路的游客一样只能到处乱指；有了它们，你听起来就像个非常清楚自己想要什么的高手。

How This Grammar Works

用 with 和 without 就像玩乐高积木一样，直接拼上去就行。不需要改拼写，也不用担心复杂的动词时态，它们稳得很！你只需要把介词放在名词或代词前面。比如，with + my friend（和我的朋友）或者 without + her（没有她）。这就是它的基本引擎。它对人、物体，甚至像“爱”或“恐惧”这种抽象概念都好使。你可以用它们来描述你做事的方式，比如 with a pen（用钢笔写）。也可以描述你身上带了啥。你是带了伞（with an umbrella），还是没带伞淋成落汤鸡（without one）？这些词在点餐时也超级好用，这直接决定了你吃的是个普通的汉堡还是一个“杰作(jiézuò)”。记住，它们后面永远得跟着个宾语。你不能只说 I am with，不然别人会等着你把话说完：“和谁？和啥？”别让人家在那里尴尬地等着！就像伸出手想击掌却没人理一样。

Formation Pattern

1
用这些介词造句只需要三步，比设置一个新的 Netflix 账号还容易。
2
先说你的核心想法（一个名词或动词短语）。
3
加上介词：with 或 without。
4
加上宾语（人、物或想法）。
5
来看这张表，感受一下它们是怎么工作的：
6
Subject + Verb | Preposition | Object | Result
7
I drink tea | with | sugar | I drink tea with sugar.
8
She walks | without | shoes | She walks without shoes.
9
They play | with | us | They play with us.
10
发现了吗？介词永远不会变！不管主语是 «I,» She, 还是 They，介词都长得一模一样。它是句子里最忠诚的部分。你也可以把它们放在句首来加强语气。
Without you, I am lost.
（非常“抓马(zhuāmǎ)”，简直是歌词或求和短信的必备）。或者，
With this app, I can learn English faster.
这种灵活性让它们非常好用。只要遵循这个模式：[Action/Thing] + [Preposition] + [Noun/Pronoun]。这绝对是万能公式。

When To Use It

你会发现有一万个理由去用 with 和 without。来看看最常见的几种情况：
  • 伴随: 当你和别人一起做事时。“我在商场 with Sarah。” 这说明你不是个孤独的灵魂。
  • 工具和手段: 你是怎么完成动作的？“我正 with 我的新三脚架拍这条 TikTok。” 三脚架就是你的工具。
  • 配料和特征: 点餐或买数码产品时最管用。“一杯 with 香草糖浆的拿铁”或者“一台 with 触摸屏的笔记本电脑”。
  • 方式或感受: 你感觉如何？“他说话 with confidence（充满自信）。” 或者“她 without interest（没精打采）地听着。”（哎呀，这就有点扎心了）。
  • 拥有: 你身上有什么特征？“那个 with 蓝色头发的女孩。” 这能帮你从人群中一眼认出某人。
  • 条件: “Without 票你进不去。” 这就是在定规矩。
无论是发群聊还是点 Uber Eats，这两个词都是你的“神器(shénqì)”。它们能帮你表达得非常精准。谁也不想在汉堡里吃到意外的洋葱，快用 without 来救救你的晚餐！

Common Mistakes

虽说这两个词简单，但大家还是容易在这儿“翻车(fānchē)”，就像那种想耍帅结果把自己绊了一跤的感觉。
  • 用 no 代替 without: 别说
    I go to school with no books.
    虽然别人能听懂，但听起来有点别扭。用
    I go to school without books.
    这样更地道。
  • 语序不对: 别在简单的陈述句里把介词放最后，比如
    The sugar with tea is good.
    应该说
    Tea with sugar is good.
    介词最喜欢待在“风暴中心”。
  • 想说 with 却用了 and:
    I study and my friend
    是错的。应该用
    I study with my friend.
  • 忘了加宾语: 你不能只说 I am without. 没啥了？没手机了？没尊严了？还是没钥匙了？一定要把话说完。
  • 搞混 with 和 by: 这个太常见了。别说
    I write by a pen.
    要用
    I write with a pen.
    with 指的是具体的物理工具。by 通常指方式（比如 by hand 纯手工）。
避开这些坑，你看起来就像个老手了。就算犯了错也别担心，英语母语者通常是站在你这边的（with you），而不是针对你！

Contrast With Similar Patterns

有时候别的词会想抢 with 和 without 的风头。咱们来把它们掰扯清楚：
  • with vs. for: with 表示连接。“我 with 你（在一起）。” for 表示目的或受益。“这杯咖啡是 for 你（给你的）。” 如果你是给别人咖啡，用 for；如果你俩一起喝，用 with。
  • without vs. except: without 表示不在场或缺失。“我 without 汽车（我没车）。” except 表示从群体中排除。“除了 John 大家都在（except John）。” 描述你没有的东西用 without；描述你从名单里划掉的东西用 except。
  • with vs. by: 就像前面提过的，with 是工具。“With 刀把它切开。” by 指人或者手段。“它是 by Mark 切开的。” 或者 “我 by bus（坐公交）旅行。”
搞清楚这些小区别，就像给你的英语开了 4K 高清，一切都会变得更清晰。

Quick FAQ

Q

我可以用 with 来表示工具吗？

当然！任何你用来干活的东西都可以。“我 with 叉子吃饭。”

Q

without 和 not with 是一个意思吗？

基本上是。但 without 是一个单词，而且在大多数情况下听起来自然得多。

Q

我可以用 with 来表达感受吗？

绝对没问题。“她 with happiness（幸福地）笑了。” 这描述了动作的氛围。

Q

with 的反义词是什么？

在大多数语境下，反义词就是 without。它们是完美的一对。

Q

我可以用 without 开头造句吗？

可以呀，这样语气更强。“Without Wi-Fi，我没法工作。”（现代人的悲剧）。

Q

我怎么在短信里说“我和她在一起”？

直接说就行！"I'm with her at the gym." 这种表达非常常见，也很有用。

Q

with 后面需要加冠词吗？

如果是可数名词，通常是要加的。比如

With a phone
或者
With the manager.

Q

我可以用 without 后面接 -ing 形式的动词吗？

没问题！

He left without saying goodbye.
（他没打招呼就走了）。这稍微进阶一点，但非常有“逼格(bīgé)”。

Basic Structure of With/Without

Preposition Object Type Example
with
Noun
with a friend
without
Noun
without money
with
Object Pronoun
with me / him / us
without
Object Pronoun
without her / them
with
Gerund (-ing)
with smiling (rare)
without
Gerund (-ing)
without crying

Informal Abbreviations

Full Word Abbreviation Usage
with
w/
Texting/Notes
without
w/o
Texting/Notes

Meanings

Prepositions used to indicate accompaniment, the use of a tool, or the absence of something.

1

Accompaniment

Being together with another person or thing.

“I live with my parents.”

“She is walking with her brother.”

2

Instrument/Tool

Using an object to perform an action.

“I write with a pen.”

“He cuts the bread with a knife.”

3

Possession/Features

Describing a person or thing by what they have.

“The girl with blue eyes.”

“A house with a big garden.”

4

Absence

The lack or omission of something.

“I can't see without my glasses.”

“Coffee without milk, please.”

5

Manner

How an action is performed.

“She speaks with confidence.”

“Handle with care.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 英语介词：with 和 without
介词 核心含义 英文例句
with
Together with / Having
Coffee with milk, go with friends
with
Using a tool
Cut with a knife, write with a pen
with
Accompaniment
Plays with his band, lives with his family
with
Manner/Quality
Spoke with passion, person with good ideas
without
Not having / Lacking
Tea without sugar, left without a coat
without
Absence of condition
Can't enter without a ticket, impossible without help

正式程度

正式
I shall be accompanied by my colleague.

I shall be accompanied by my colleague. (socializing)

中性
I am going with my friend.

I am going with my friend. (socializing)

非正式
I'm hanging with my bestie.

I'm hanging with my bestie. (socializing)

俚语
I'm rollin' with my squad.

I'm rollin' with my squad. (socializing)

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按水平分级的例句

1

I drink coffee with milk.

2

She is with her friend.

3

I want water without ice.

4

He plays with a ball.

5

Can you come with me?

6

They are without a car today.

1

The man with the red hat is my uncle.

2

You can't enter without a ticket.

3

I am writing with a new pen.

4

She left the room without a word.

5

We are happy with our new house.

6

He walked home with his dog.

1

He handled the situation with great patience.

2

Without knowing the truth, I cannot decide.

3

I'm bored with this movie.

4

She arrived with her luggage already packed.

5

Can we live without technology?

6

He spoke with a slight accent.

1

The results are consistent with our theory.

2

He was faced with a difficult choice.

3

Without a doubt, this is the best pizza.

4

She was trembling with fear.

5

I can't deal with this right now.

6

With the deadline approaching, we must hurry.

1

With all due respect, I disagree.

2

The project was fraught with difficulties.

3

He is a man with many strings to his bow.

4

Without so much as a glance, he walked past.

5

What with the rain and the wind, the party was ruined.

6

She is synonymous with success.

1

The treaty was signed with a view to ending the war.

2

He was left without a leg to stand on.

3

With the best will in the world, it won't work.

4

She bore the news with stoic resignation.

5

The city was teeming with life.

6

Without recourse to violence, they sought peace.

容易混淆

English Prepositions: with and without 对比 With vs. By (Instruments)

Learners use 'by' for tools because it feels like the 'method' of doing something.

English Prepositions: with and without 对比 With vs. And

Sometimes 'with' is used when 'and' is more natural for joining two subjects.

English Prepositions: with and without 对比 Without vs. Unless

Learners use 'without' to start a conditional clause where 'unless' is needed.

常见错误

✗

I am with I.

✓

I am with me.

Always use object pronouns after prepositions.
✗

I write by a pen.

✓

I write with a pen.

Use 'with' for tools you hold.
✗

Coffee with out sugar.

✓

Coffee without sugar.

Without is one word.
✗

I go with bus.

✓

I go by bus.

Use 'by' for transport methods.
✗

He left without to say goodbye.

✓

He left without saying goodbye.

Use the -ing form after 'without'.
✗

The man with the blue eyes is here.

✓

The man with blue eyes is here.

Don't use 'the' for general features unless they are specific.
✗

I am bored of this.

✓

I am bored with this.

The standard preposition for 'bored' is 'with'.
✗

Without your help, I can't do it.

✓

Without your help, I couldn't do it.

Often requires a conditional mood in the main clause.
✗

With the respect...

✓

With all due respect...

This is a fixed idiomatic phrase.

句型

I like my ___ with ___.

I can't ___ without my ___.

The ___ with the ___ is ___.

He left without ___ing.

Real World Usage

Ordering at Starbucks very common

A latte with oat milk and without sugar, please.

Job Interview occasional

I have five years of experience with Python.

Tech Support common

My computer won't start without the charger.

Texting Friends constant

R u w/ Sarah?

Airport Check-in common

Are you traveling with any liquids?

Dating Apps common

Looking for someone with a good sense of humor.

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💡

把它想成“加号”或“减号”

把“with”想象成一个加号（+），它表示“增加”了什么。把“without”想象成一个减号（-），它表示“缺少”了什么。这能帮你快速选择哪个词！ Coffee with sugar.
⚠️

别把“with”和“by”搞混了！

记住，“with”是用来指你用的“工具”（比如，
write with a pen
）。而“by”通常是指做动作的人（比如，written by Shakespeare）或方式（比如，travel by bus）。它们不能互换哦！
Write with a pen.
🎯

“without”后面跟动词“-ing”形式。

如果你想说某人做了某事，但没做另一件事，就在“without”后面加一个动词“-ing”形式（动名词）。比如，
She left without saying goodbye.
这是一个很常用也很自然的表达！
She left without saying goodbye.
🌍

点餐时，“with”和“without”超有用！

点食物或饮料时，“with”和“without”是你的好朋友。比如，“Coffee with milk”，“burger without onions”。在咖啡店或外卖应用里超级实用！ Coffee with milk.
💡

在日常生活中多练习！

想想你的一天：“I woke up without an alarm.” “I ate breakfast with my roommate.” 你在自己的想法中用得越多，它们就记得越牢！
I woke up without an alarm.

Smart Tips

Always use 'with' for what you want and 'without' for what you don't want. It's the most polite and clear way to order.

I want a burger. No onions. → I'd like a burger without onions, please.

Change it to 'me' or 'us' immediately. Prepositions always take the object form.

Come with we. → Come with us.

Use 'with' for things they are wearing or physical features. It's like a shortcut for a long sentence.

The man has a beard. He is my teacher. → The man with the beard is my teacher.

Always add '-ing' to the verb. Never use 'to' or the base form.

He left without say goodbye. → He left without saying goodbye.

发音

/wɪð/ or /wɪθ/

The 'th' in With

In 'with', the 'th' can be voiced /ð/ or unvoiced /θ/. Both are correct.

with-a -> /wɪðə/

Linking

When 'with' is followed by a vowel, the 'th' links to the next word.

/wə'θaʊt/

Reduction of Without

In fast speech, the first syllable of 'without' is very short.

Emphasis on Without

I said WITHOUT sugar!

Used when a mistake was made in an order.

记住它

记忆技巧

WITH: We Include These Here. WITHOUT: We Ignore These Out Under Today.

视觉联想

Imagine a magnet. 'With' is the magnet pulling two things together. 'Without' is the same poles pushing things apart, leaving a gap.

Rhyme

With is for a friend or tool, Without means empty, that's the rule!

Story

A chef is making a soup. He adds salt 'with' a spoon. He realizes he is 'without' onions. He goes to the store 'with' his bag.

Word Web

togetherusinghavingmissinglackingaloneaccompanied

挑战

Look around your room. Name 3 things you have 'with' you and 3 things you are 'without' right now.

文化笔记

In the UK, 'with' is often used in the phrase 'Are you finished with that?' when a waiter wants to take your plate.

Americans often use 'with' in the phrase 'to go with' meaning to match or look good together.

When invited to a party, 'with' usually implies you can bring a guest ('plus one'), while 'without' is rarely used on invitations but implied if no guest is mentioned.

'With' comes from Old English 'wið', which originally meant 'against' or 'opposite' (like in 'withstand'). 'Without' comes from 'wið' + 'utan' (outside).

对话开场白

“

Do you like your coffee with or without sugar?

“

Who do you live with?

“

What is one thing you cannot live without?

“

If you go to a desert island, who would you go with?

日记主题

Describe your best friend. What do they look like? (Use 'with' for features)
Write about your morning routine. What tools do you use?
Imagine a day without technology. What would you do?
Discuss a time you had to work with someone you didn't like.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

选择正确的形式

She arrived at the party ___ her sister.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
这里，“with”表示同伴。她和她妹妹一起到的。
选择正确的句子 多项选择

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I can't live without Wi-Fi.
要表达某物是必需的，并且你不能没有它，我们用“without”。现在Wi-Fi真是太重要了！
整理单词顺序 Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She left without her phone.
正确的顺序是“主语 + 动词 + without + 形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。她忘了带手机！

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Choose the correct preposition. 多项选择

I like my pizza ___ extra cheese.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
We use 'with' to show an ingredient is added.
Fill in the blank with 'with' or 'without'.

He is very lonely. He is ___ any friends.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: without
Being lonely implies a lack of friends.
Fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

She is going to the party with I.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with me
Prepositions must be followed by object pronouns.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Reorder

sugar / coffee / I / without / drink

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I drink coffee without sugar.
The standard order is Subject + Verb + Object + Prepositional Phrase.
Match the opposites. Match Pairs

Match the phrases.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: With milk / Without milk
With and Without are direct opposites.
With or By? 多项选择

I open the box ___ a key.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
A key is a tool you hold, so use 'with'.
Fill in the blank.

The girl ___ the yellow umbrella is my sister.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
Use 'with' to describe someone by what they are carrying.
Choose the correct form. 多项选择

He left the house ___ his keys.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: without
If he can't get back in, he is 'without' them.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
选择正确的形式 填空

He likes his coffee black, ___ milk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: without
找出并改正错误 Error Correction

I went to the store and my dog.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I went to the store with my dog.
选择正确的句子 多项选择

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The manager spoke with anger.
翻译成英文 翻译

Translate into English: 'Ella no puede vivir sin su familia.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She cannot live without her family.","She can't live without her family."]
整理单词顺序 Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He can't read without his glasses.
匹配情境与正确的介词 Match Pairs

Match the following phrases:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
选择正确的形式 填空

Please leave the package ___ the front desk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
翻译成英文 翻译

Translate into English: 'Ella canta con mucha pasión.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She sings with a lot of passion.","She sings with much passion."]
找出并改正错误 Error Correction

I can't focus work noise.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I can't focus with work noise.
整理单词顺序 Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Do you want to go shopping with me?

Score: /10

常见问题 (8)

Yes! In casual English, it is very common. For example: 'Who are you going with?' is more natural than 'With whom are you going?'

Yes, it has a negative meaning (lack of something), but it doesn't make the whole sentence grammatically negative like 'not' does.

Use `with` for tools (with a hammer) and `by` for methods or people (by bus, by John).

Use 'with me' for normal accompaniment. 'With myself' is only used if you are the subject of the sentence (e.g., 'I am angry with myself').

Yes, but use the -ing form. 'He left without eating.'

No, it is just an abbreviation for 'with' used in texting and note-taking.

Use 'with'. For example: 'The boy with green eyes.'

No, that is a double negative. Say 'without any' or just 'without' + noun.

Scaffolded Practice

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Mastery Progress

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

con / sin

English uses 'by' for transport, Spanish uses 'con'.

French high

avec / sans

English uses -ing after 'without'; French uses the infinitive.

German moderate

mit / ohne

English doesn't change the noun's ending after the preposition.

Japanese low

と (to) / なしで (nashi de)

English prepositions come BEFORE the noun; Japanese particles come AFTER.

Arabic moderate

مع (ma'a) / بدون (bi-duni)

Arabic can use a prefix (bi-) for tools, while English always uses a full word (with).

Chinese low

跟 (gēn) / 没有 (méiyǒu)

Chinese often uses verbs where English uses prepositions.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
At, On, In: 掌握时间和地点的介词

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