A1 Prepositions 3 min read Facile

Prépositions anglaises : avec et sans

Maîtriser 'with' et 'without' te permet d'ajouter des détails importants sur l'accompagnement, les outils et l'absence.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'with' to show things or people together, and 'without' to show when something is missing or alone.

  • Use 'with' for people you are with: 'I am with my friend.'
  • Use 'with' for tools or ingredients: 'I eat with a fork.'
  • Use 'without' for things that are missing: 'I like tea without sugar.'
👤 + 🤝 + 👤 = with | 👤 - ☕ = without

Overview

T'as déjà essayé de survivre à un long vol without tes écouteurs ? Ou peut-être que t'as commandé un café with du lait d'avoine pour réaliser ensuite que ça coûte un dollar de plus ? Ces deux petits mots, with et without, mettent vraiment l'ambiance en anglais.
Ils nous disent ce qui est inclus et ce qui manque. Ce sont les signes plus et moins de tes phrases. Que tu sois en train de créer une bio Tinder ou juste de commander un burrito sur une appli, tu as besoin de ces outils.
Ils sont simples, mais ils ont beaucoup de poids. L'un te connecte au monde, et l'autre te donne un peu d'espace bien mérité. Regardons comment ils fonctionnent dans ta vie quotidienne.
Vois with et without comme les meilleurs amis de la langue anglaise. L'un est le papillon social qui rassemble tout le monde (with). L'autre est le minimaliste qui préfère garder les choses simples (without).
Ce sont des prépositions. C'est juste une façon chic de dire qu'ils montrent la relation entre les choses. Si tu as un téléphone dans ta main, tu es with ton téléphone.
Si tu l'as perdu à une fête (on est tous passés par là), tu es without lui. Ces mots t'aident à décrire ton environnement. Ils t'aident à préciser tes besoins.
Ils t'aident à exprimer tes sentiments. Ils sont essentiels pour les apprenants A1 parce qu'ils apparaissent partout. Des légendes Instagram aux entretiens d'embauche, tu ne peux pas y échapper.
Et pourquoi le voudrais-tu ? Ils rendent tes phrases claires et précises. Sans eux, tu serais juste en train de pointer des choses du doigt comme un touriste perdu.
Avec eux, tu as l'air de quelqu'un qui sait exactement ce qu'il veut.

How This Grammar Works

Utiliser with et without, c'est comme jouer avec des briques Lego. Tu as juste à les emboîter. Tu n'as pas besoin de changer l'orthographe.
Tu n'as pas à t'inquiéter des temps de verbes complexes. Ils sont très stables. Tu places simplement la préposition devant un nom ou un pronom.
Par exemple, with + my friend ou without + her. C'est le moteur de base. Ça marche pour les gens, les objets, et même les idées abstraites comme l'amour ou la peur.
Tu peux les utiliser pour décrire comment tu fais quelque chose. Par exemple, tu peux écrire with un stylo. Tu peux aussi les utiliser pour décrire ce que tu transportes.
Est-ce que tu es with un parapluie ? Ou est-ce que tu te fais tremper without un ? Ces mots marchent aussi parfaitement avec la nourriture.
C'est la différence entre un burger nature et un chef-d'œuvre. Rappelle-toi juste qu'ils ont toujours besoin d'un objet. Tu ne peux pas juste dire I am with. Les gens vont attendre que tu finisses.
With who? With what?
Ne les laisse pas en plan ! C'est comme laisser un high-five en l'air.

Formation Pattern

1
Créer des phrases avec ces prépositions est un processus en trois étapes. C'est plus facile que de configurer un nouveau profil Netflix.
2
Commence par ton idée principale (un nom ou un groupe verbal).
3
Ajoute ta préposition : with ou without.
4
Ajoute l'objet (la personne, la chose ou l'idée).
5
Voici un tableau simple pour montrer à quoi ça ressemble en action :
6
Subject + Verb | Preposition | Object | Result
7
I drink tea | with | sugar | I drink tea with sugar.
8
She walks | without | shoes | She walks without shoes.
9
They play | with | us | They play with us.
10
Tu remarques que la préposition ne change jamais ? Peu importe si le sujet est «I,» She, ou They. La préposition reste exactement la même. C'est la partie la plus loyale de la phrase. Tu peux aussi les utiliser au début d'une phrase pour mettre l'accent dessus.
Without you, I am lost.
(Très dramatique, parfait pour une parole de chanson ou un texto désespéré). Ou,
With this app, I can learn English faster.
Cette flexibilité les rend très puissants. Suis juste le modèle : [Action/Chose] + [Préposition] + [Nom/Pronom]. C'est une formule gagnante à tous les coups.

When To Use It

Tu trouveras un million de raisons d'utiliser with et without. Regardons les scénarios les plus courants.
  • Accompaniment: C'est pour quand tu fais des choses avec des gens. "I'm at the mall with Sarah." Ça montre que tu n'es pas un fantôme solitaire.
  • Tools and Instruments: Comment fais-tu l'action ? "I'm filming this TikTok with my new tripod." Le trépied est ton outil.
  • Ingredients and Features: Parfait pour la nourriture et les gadgets.
    A latte with vanilla syrup
    ou
    A laptop with a touch screen.
  • Manner or Feeling: Comment te sens-tu ?
    He speaks with confidence.
    Ou
    She listened without interest
    (Aïe, public difficile).
  • Possession: Qu'est-ce que tu as ?
    The girl with the blue hair.
    Ça t'aide à identifier les gens dans une foule.
  • Conditions: "You can't enter without a ticket." Ça fixe les règles.
Que tu sois en train d'envoyer un message à ton groupe de discussion ou de commander sur Uber Eats, ces mots sont tes meilleurs outils. Ils t'aident à être précis. Personne ne veut un oignon surprise dans son burger. Utilise without pour sauver ton repas !

Common Mistakes

Même si ces mots sont simples, les gens trébuchent encore dessus. C'est comme trébucher sur ses propres pieds en essayant d'avoir l'air cool.
  • Using no instead of without: Ne dis pas
    I go to school with no books.
    Même si les gens pourraient te comprendre, ça sonne un peu lourd. Utilise
    I go to school without books.
    C'est plus propre.
  • Wrong word order: Ne mets pas la préposition à la fin d'une simple affirmation comme
    The sugar with tea is good.
    Dis
    Tea with sugar is good.
    La préposition aime être au milieu de l'action.
  • Using and when you mean with:
    I study and my friend
    est faux. Utilise
    I study with my friend.
  • Forgetting the object: Tu ne peux pas juste dire I am without. Sans quoi ? Ton téléphone ? Ta dignité ? Tes clés ? Finis toujours ta pensée.
  • Confusing with and by: C'est courant. Ne dis pas
    I write by a pen.
    Utilise
    I write with a pen.
    with est pour l'outil physique. by est pour la méthode (comme by hand).
Évite ça, et tu auras l'air d'un pro. Même si tu fais une erreur, ne t'inquiète pas. Les anglophones sont généralement with toi, pas contre toi !

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Parfois, d'autres mots essaient de voler la vedette à with et without. Clarifions la confusion.
  • with vs. for: with montre la connexion.
    I am with you.
    for montre le but ou le bénéfice.
    This coffee is for you.
    Si tu donnes du café à quelqu'un, utilise for. Si vous le buvez ensemble, utilise with.
  • without vs. except: without montre l'absence. "I'm without a car." except montre une exclusion d'un groupe.
    Everyone is here except John.
    Utilise without pour les choses que tu n'as pas. Utilise except pour les choses que tu laisses en dehors d'une liste.
  • with vs. by: Comme mentionné, with est pour l'outil.
    Open it with a knife.
    by est pour la personne ou le moyen.
    It was opened by Mark.
    Ou
    I travel by bus.
Comprendre ces petites différences, c'est comme la haute définition pour ton anglais. Ça rend tout plus net et plus clair.

Quick FAQ

Q

Can I use with for tools?

Oui ! Utilise-le pour tout ce que tu utilises pour faire un travail.

I eat with a fork.

Q

Is without the same as not with?

En gros, oui. Mais without est un seul mot et sonne beaucoup plus naturel dans la plupart des cas.

Q

Can I use with with feelings?

Absolument.

She smiled with happiness.
Ça décrit l'ambiance de l'action.

Q

What is the opposite of with?

Dans la plupart des contextes, l'opposé est without. Ils forment une paire parfaite.

Q

Can I start a sentence with without?

Oui. C'est super pour l'emphase. "Without Wi-Fi, I can't work." (Une tragédie moderne).

Q

How do I say "I'm with her" in a text?

Juste comme ça ! "I'm with her at the gym." C'est très courant et utile.

Q

Do I need an article after with?

Généralement, oui, si le nom est dénombrable.

With a phone
ou
With the manager.

Q

Can I use without + -ing verbs?

Oui !

He left without saying goodbye.
C'est un peu plus avancé, mais très utile.

Basic Structure of With/Without

Preposition Object Type Example
with
Noun
with a friend
without
Noun
without money
with
Object Pronoun
with me / him / us
without
Object Pronoun
without her / them
with
Gerund (-ing)
with smiling (rare)
without
Gerund (-ing)
without crying

Informal Abbreviations

Full Word Abbreviation Usage
with
w/
Texting/Notes
without
w/o
Texting/Notes

Meanings

Prepositions used to indicate accompaniment, the use of a tool, or the absence of something.

1

Accompaniment

Being together with another person or thing.

“I live with my parents.”

“She is walking with her brother.”

2

Instrument/Tool

Using an object to perform an action.

“I write with a pen.”

“He cuts the bread with a knife.”

3

Possession/Features

Describing a person or thing by what they have.

“The girl with blue eyes.”

“A house with a big garden.”

4

Absence

The lack or omission of something.

“I can't see without my glasses.”

“Coffee without milk, please.”

5

Manner

How an action is performed.

“She speaks with confidence.”

“Handle with care.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Prépositions anglaises : avec et sans
Préposition Sens principal Exemples (en anglais)
with
Ensemble avec / Ayant
Coffee with milk, go with friends
with
Utilisant un outil
Cut with a knife, write with a pen
with
Accompagnement
Plays with his band, lives with his family
with
Manière/Qualité
Spoke with passion, person with good ideas
without
Ne pas avoir / Manquant
Tea without sugar, left without a coat
without
Absence de condition
Can't enter without a ticket, impossible without help

Spectre de formalité

Formel
I shall be accompanied by my colleague.

I shall be accompanied by my colleague. (socializing)

Neutre
I am going with my friend.

I am going with my friend. (socializing)

Informel
I'm hanging with my bestie.

I'm hanging with my bestie. (socializing)

Argot
I'm rollin' with my squad.

I'm rollin' with my squad. (socializing)

Exemples par niveau

1

I drink coffee with milk.

2

She is with her friend.

3

I want water without ice.

4

He plays with a ball.

5

Can you come with me?

6

They are without a car today.

1

The man with the red hat is my uncle.

2

You can't enter without a ticket.

3

I am writing with a new pen.

4

She left the room without a word.

5

We are happy with our new house.

6

He walked home with his dog.

1

He handled the situation with great patience.

2

Without knowing the truth, I cannot decide.

3

I'm bored with this movie.

4

She arrived with her luggage already packed.

5

Can we live without technology?

6

He spoke with a slight accent.

1

The results are consistent with our theory.

2

He was faced with a difficult choice.

3

Without a doubt, this is the best pizza.

4

She was trembling with fear.

5

I can't deal with this right now.

6

With the deadline approaching, we must hurry.

1

With all due respect, I disagree.

2

The project was fraught with difficulties.

3

He is a man with many strings to his bow.

4

Without so much as a glance, he walked past.

5

What with the rain and the wind, the party was ruined.

6

She is synonymous with success.

1

The treaty was signed with a view to ending the war.

2

He was left without a leg to stand on.

3

With the best will in the world, it won't work.

4

She bore the news with stoic resignation.

5

The city was teeming with life.

6

Without recourse to violence, they sought peace.

Facile à confondre

English Prepositions: with and without vs With vs. By (Instruments)

Learners use 'by' for tools because it feels like the 'method' of doing something.

English Prepositions: with and without vs With vs. And

Sometimes 'with' is used when 'and' is more natural for joining two subjects.

English Prepositions: with and without vs Without vs. Unless

Learners use 'without' to start a conditional clause where 'unless' is needed.

Erreurs courantes

I am with I.

I am with me.

Always use object pronouns after prepositions.

I write by a pen.

I write with a pen.

Use 'with' for tools you hold.

Coffee with out sugar.

Coffee without sugar.

Without is one word.

I go with bus.

I go by bus.

Use 'by' for transport methods.

He left without to say goodbye.

He left without saying goodbye.

Use the -ing form after 'without'.

The man with the blue eyes is here.

The man with blue eyes is here.

Don't use 'the' for general features unless they are specific.

I am bored of this.

I am bored with this.

The standard preposition for 'bored' is 'with'.

Without your help, I can't do it.

Without your help, I couldn't do it.

Often requires a conditional mood in the main clause.

With the respect...

With all due respect...

This is a fixed idiomatic phrase.

Structures de phrases

I like my ___ with ___.

I can't ___ without my ___.

The ___ with the ___ is ___.

He left without ___ing.

Real World Usage

Ordering at Starbucks very common

A latte with oat milk and without sugar, please.

Job Interview occasional

I have five years of experience with Python.

Tech Support common

My computer won't start without the charger.

Texting Friends constant

R u w/ Sarah?

Airport Check-in common

Are you traveling with any liquids?

Dating Apps common

Looking for someone with a good sense of humor.

💡

Pense à 'plus' ou 'moins'

Imagine 'with' comme un signe plus (+) – ça ajoute quelque chose. Et 'without' comme un signe moins (-) – ça enlève quelque chose. Ça peut t'aider à choisir vite ! Coffee with milk (café + lait) ou coffee without sugar (café - sucre).
⚠️

Ne confonds pas 'with' et 'by' pour les actions

Retiens bien : 'with' c'est pour l'outil que tu utilises (par exemple,
write with a pen
). 'By' c'est plutôt pour la personne qui fait l'action ou la méthode (par exemple, written by Shakespeare, travel by bus). Ce n'est pas pareil !
🎯

Utilise 'without' + verbe en -ing

Si tu veux dire que quelqu'un a fait quelque chose sans faire autre chose, utilise 'without' suivi d'un verbe en -ing. Par exemple,
She left without saying goodbye.
C'est une façon très naturelle de parler !
🌍

Pour commander, utilise 'with' ou 'without'

Quand tu commandes de la nourriture ou des boissons, 'with' et 'without' sont tes meilleurs amis. Coffee with milk, burger without onions. Super pratique au café ou pour les livraisons !
💡

Pratique avec ta routine quotidienne

Pense à ta journée :
I woke up without an alarm.
(Je me suis réveillé sans réveil) ou
I ate breakfast with my roommate.
(J'ai pris le petit-déjeuner avec mon coloc). Plus tu les utilises, plus vite tu les retiendras !

Smart Tips

Always use 'with' for what you want and 'without' for what you don't want. It's the most polite and clear way to order.

I want a burger. No onions. I'd like a burger without onions, please.

Change it to 'me' or 'us' immediately. Prepositions always take the object form.

Come with we. Come with us.

Use 'with' for things they are wearing or physical features. It's like a shortcut for a long sentence.

The man has a beard. He is my teacher. The man with the beard is my teacher.

Always add '-ing' to the verb. Never use 'to' or the base form.

He left without say goodbye. He left without saying goodbye.

Prononciation

/wɪð/ or /wɪθ/

The 'th' in With

In 'with', the 'th' can be voiced /ð/ or unvoiced /θ/. Both are correct.

with-a -> /wɪðə/

Linking

When 'with' is followed by a vowel, the 'th' links to the next word.

/wə'θaʊt/

Reduction of Without

In fast speech, the first syllable of 'without' is very short.

Emphasis on Without

I said WITHOUT sugar!

Used when a mistake was made in an order.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

WITH: We Include These Here. WITHOUT: We Ignore These Out Under Today.

Association visuelle

Imagine a magnet. 'With' is the magnet pulling two things together. 'Without' is the same poles pushing things apart, leaving a gap.

Rhyme

With is for a friend or tool, Without means empty, that's the rule!

Story

A chef is making a soup. He adds salt 'with' a spoon. He realizes he is 'without' onions. He goes to the store 'with' his bag.

Word Web

togetherusinghavingmissinglackingaloneaccompanied

Défi

Look around your room. Name 3 things you have 'with' you and 3 things you are 'without' right now.

Notes culturelles

In the UK, 'with' is often used in the phrase 'Are you finished with that?' when a waiter wants to take your plate.

Americans often use 'with' in the phrase 'to go with' meaning to match or look good together.

When invited to a party, 'with' usually implies you can bring a guest ('plus one'), while 'without' is rarely used on invitations but implied if no guest is mentioned.

'With' comes from Old English 'wið', which originally meant 'against' or 'opposite' (like in 'withstand'). 'Without' comes from 'wið' + 'utan' (outside).

Amorces de conversation

Do you like your coffee with or without sugar?

Who do you live with?

What is one thing you cannot live without?

If you go to a desert island, who would you go with?

Sujets d'écriture

Describe your best friend. What do they look like? (Use 'with' for features)
Write about your morning routine. What tools do you use?
Imagine a day without technology. What would you do?
Discuss a time you had to work with someone you didn't like.

Erreurs courantes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Choisis la bonne forme

She arrived at the party ___ her sister.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
Ici, 'with' indique l'accompagnement. Elle est arrivée avec sa sœur.
Quelle phrase est correcte ? Choix multiple

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I can't live without Wi-Fi.
Pour dire que quelque chose est essentiel et que tu ne peux pas t'en passer, on utilise 'without'. Le Wi-Fi est assez essentiel de nos jours !
Remets les mots dans l'ordre Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She left without her phone.
L'ordre correct est 'Sujet + Verbe + without + pronom possessif + nom'. Elle a oublié son téléphone !

Score: /3

Exercices pratiques

8 exercises
Choose the correct preposition. Choix multiple

I like my pizza ___ extra cheese.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
We use 'with' to show an ingredient is added.
Fill in the blank with 'with' or 'without'.

He is very lonely. He is ___ any friends.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: without
Being lonely implies a lack of friends.
Fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

She is going to the party with I.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with me
Prepositions must be followed by object pronouns.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Reorder

sugar / coffee / I / without / drink

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I drink coffee without sugar.
The standard order is Subject + Verb + Object + Prepositional Phrase.
Match the opposites. Match Pairs

Match the phrases.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: With milk / Without milk
With and Without are direct opposites.
With or By? Choix multiple

I open the box ___ a key.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
A key is a tool you hold, so use 'with'.
Fill in the blank.

The girl ___ the yellow umbrella is my sister.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
Use 'with' to describe someone by what they are carrying.
Choose the correct form. Choix multiple

He left the house ___ his keys.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: without
If he can't get back in, he is 'without' them.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Choisis la bonne forme Texte trous

He likes his coffee black, ___ milk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: without
Trouve et corrige l'erreur Error Correction

I went to the store and my dog.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I went to the store with my dog.
Quelle phrase est correcte ? Choix multiple

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The manager spoke with anger.
Traduis en anglais Traduction

Translate into English: 'Ella no puede vivir sin su familia.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She cannot live without her family.","She can't live without her family."]
Remets les mots dans l'ordre Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He can't read without his glasses.
Associe les situations avec la bonne préposition Match Pairs

Match the following phrases:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
Choisis la bonne forme Texte trous

Please leave the package ___ the front desk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: with
Traduis en anglais Traduction

Translate into English: 'Ella canta con mucha pasión.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She sings with a lot of passion.","She sings with much passion."]
Trouve et corrige l'erreur Error Correction

I can't focus work noise.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I can't focus with work noise.
Remets les mots dans l'ordre Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Do you want to go shopping with me?

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

Yes! In casual English, it is very common. For example: 'Who are you going with?' is more natural than 'With whom are you going?'

Yes, it has a negative meaning (lack of something), but it doesn't make the whole sentence grammatically negative like 'not' does.

Use `with` for tools (with a hammer) and `by` for methods or people (by bus, by John).

Use 'with me' for normal accompaniment. 'With myself' is only used if you are the subject of the sentence (e.g., 'I am angry with myself').

Yes, but use the -ing form. 'He left without eating.'

No, it is just an abbreviation for 'with' used in texting and note-taking.

Use 'with'. For example: 'The boy with green eyes.'

No, that is a double negative. Say 'without any' or just 'without' + noun.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

con / sin

English uses 'by' for transport, Spanish uses 'con'.

French high

avec / sans

English uses -ing after 'without'; French uses the infinitive.

German moderate

mit / ohne

English doesn't change the noun's ending after the preposition.

Japanese low

と (to) / なしで (nashi de)

English prepositions come BEFORE the noun; Japanese particles come AFTER.

Arabic moderate

مع (ma'a) / بدون (bi-duni)

Arabic can use a prefix (bi-) for tools, while English always uses a full word (with).

Chinese low

跟 (gēn) / 没有 (méiyǒu)

Chinese often uses verbs where English uses prepositions.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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