حروف اضافه انگلیسی: با و بدون
with و without بهت کمک میکنه جزئیات مهمی رو در مورد همراهی، ابزار و نبود چیزی اضافه کنی.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'with' to show things or people together, and 'without' to show when something is missing or alone.
- Use 'with' for people you are with: 'I am with my friend.'
- Use 'with' for tools or ingredients: 'I eat with a fork.'
- Use 'without' for things that are missing: 'I like tea without sugar.'
مرور کلی
without هدفون سپری کنی؟ یا شاید یه قهوه with شیر جو دوسر سفارش دادی و بعد فهمیدی که یه دلار بیشتر برات آب خورده؟ این دو تا کلمه کوچولو، یعنی with و without کلمههایی هستن که حال و هوای جملات انگلیسی رو عوض میکنن.with و without مثل بهترین دوستهای زبان انگلیسی نگاه کن. یکیشون اون آدم اجتماعیایه که همه رو دور هم جمع میکنه (with). اون یکی هم یه آدم مینیمالیسته که ترجیح میده همه چیز ساده بمونه (without).with گوشیت هستی.without اون هستی. این کلمهها بهت کمک میکنن محیط اطرافت رو توصیف کنی. کمک میکنن نیازهات رو دقیق بگی.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
with و without مثل بازی با لگو میمونه. فقط کافیه اونا رو به هم وصل کنی. نیازی نیست املای کلمه رو عوض کنی.with + my friend یا without + her. این موتور اصلیه. برای آدمها، اشیا و حتی ایدههای انتزاعی مثل «عشق» یا «ترس» هم کار میکنه.with a pen (با یک خودکار). همچنین میتونی برای توصیف چیزی که همراهت داری ازشون استفاده کنی.with یه چتر هستی؟ یا داری without چتر خیس میشی؟ این کلمهها برای غذا هم عالی عمل میکنن.I am with. مردم منتظر میمونن تا حرفت رو تموم کنی.High-five (بزن قدش) کنی ولی دستت رو تو هوا ول کنی.
الگوی ساخت
with یا without.
with | sugar | I drink tea with sugar.
without | shoes | She walks without shoes.
with | us | They play with us.
I باشه، She باشه یا They. حرف اضافه دقیقاً همونطوری میمونه. وفادارترین بخش جملهست. همچنین میتونی برای تأکید، اونا رو اول جمله بیاری. Without you, I am lost.With this app, I can learn English faster.
کی استفاده کنیم
with و without پیدا میکنی. بیا رایجترین موقعیتها رو ببینیم.- Accompaniment: این برای وقتیه که داری کارهایی رو با بقیه انجام میدی. "I'm at the mall
withSarah." این نشون میده که یه روح تنها نیستی. - Tools and Instruments: چطوری داری اون کار رو انجام میدی؟ "I'm filming this TikTok
withmy new tripod." اون سهپایه ابزار توئه. - Ingredients and Features: عالی برای غذا و گجتها.
A latte
یاwithvanilla syrupA laptop
witha touch screen. - Manner or Feeling: چه حسی داری؟
He speaks
یاwithconfidence.She listened
(آخ، چه بیتفاوت!).withoutinterest - Possession: چی داری؟
The girl
بهت کمک میکنه آدمها رو توی جمعیت تشخیص بدی.withthe blue hair. - Conditions: "You can't enter
withouta ticket." این قانون رو تعیین میکنه.
without استفاده کن تا غذات رو نجات بدی!
اشتباهات رایج
- استفاده از
noبه جایwithout: نگوI go to school with no books.
شاید مردم منظورت رو بفهمن، ولی یه کم ناشیانه به نظر میرسه. بگوI go to school
خیلی تمیزتره.withoutbooks. - ترتیب اشتباه کلمات: حرف اضافه رو آخر یه جمله ساده نذار، مثل
The sugar
بگوwithtea is good.Tea
حرف اضافه دوست داره وسط ماجرا باشه.withsugar is good. - استفاده از
andوقتی منظورتwithاست:I study and my friend
غلطه. بگوI study
withmy friend. - فراموش کردن متمم: نمیتونی فقط بگی
I am without.بدونِ چی؟ گوشیت؟ شخصیتت؟ کلیدات؟ همیشه جملهت رو تموم کن. - اشتباه گرفتن
withوby: این خیلی رایجه. نگوI write by a pen.
بگوI write
کلمهwitha pen.withبرای ابزار فیزیکیه.byبرای روش انجام کاره (مثلby hand).
with تو هستن، نه علیه تو!مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
with و without رو بگیرن. بیا این ابهام رو برطرف کنیم.withvs.for: کلمهwithاتصال رو نشون میذه.I am
کلمهwithyou.forهدف یا سود رو نشون میده.This coffee is
اگه به کسی قهوه میدی، ازforyou.forاستفاده کن. اگه با هم قهوه میخورید، ازwithاستفاده کن.withoutvs.except: کلمهwithoutنبود چیزی رو نشون میده. "I'mwithouta car.کلمه
Everyone is hereexceptاستثنا کردن از یه گروه رو نشون میده.exceptJohn." ازwithoutبرای چیزهایی که نداری استفاده کن. ازexceptبرای چیزهایی که از لیست حذف میکنی استفاده کن.withvs.by: همونطور که گفتیم،withبرای ابزاره.Open it
کلمهwitha knife.byبرای شخص یا وسیلهست.It was opened
یاbyMark.I travel
bybus.
سؤالات رایج
آیا میتونم از with برای ابزارها استفاده کنم؟
بله! برای هر چیزی که باهاش کاری رو انجام میدی ازش استفاده کن.
I eat with a fork.
آیا without همون not with هست؟
در واقع بله. ولی without یک کلمهست و در بیشتر موارد خیلی طبیعیتر به نظر میرسه.
میتونم with رو برای احساسات به کار ببرم؟
حتماً.
She smiled with happiness. این حال و هوای اون کار رو توصیف میکنه.
متضاد with چیه؟
در بیشتر زمینهها، متضادش without هست. اونا یه جفت عالی هستن.
میتونم جمله رو با without شروع کنم؟
بله. برای تأکید خیلی خوبه. "Without Wi-Fi, I can't work." (یه تراژدی مدرن).
چطور توی پیامک بگم "I'm with her"؟
دقیقاً همینطوری! "I'm with her at the gym." خیلی رایج و کاربردیه.
آیا بعد از with به حرف تعریف (article) نیاز دارم؟
معمولاً بله، اگه اسم قابل شمارش باشه.
With a phoneWith the manager.میتونم از without + فعلهای -ing دار استفاده کنم؟
بله!
He left without saying goodbye. این یه کم پیشرفتهتره ولی خیلی به درد بخوره.
Basic Structure of With/Without
| Preposition | Object Type | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
with
|
Noun
|
with a friend
|
|
without
|
Noun
|
without money
|
|
with
|
Object Pronoun
|
with me / him / us
|
|
without
|
Object Pronoun
|
without her / them
|
|
with
|
Gerund (-ing)
|
with smiling (rare)
|
|
without
|
Gerund (-ing)
|
without crying
|
Informal Abbreviations
| Full Word | Abbreviation | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
with
|
w/
|
Texting/Notes
|
|
without
|
w/o
|
Texting/Notes
|
Meanings
Prepositions used to indicate accompaniment, the use of a tool, or the absence of something.
Accompaniment
Being together with another person or thing.
“I live with my parents.”
“She is walking with her brother.”
Instrument/Tool
Using an object to perform an action.
“I write with a pen.”
“He cuts the bread with a knife.”
Possession/Features
Describing a person or thing by what they have.
“The girl with blue eyes.”
“A house with a big garden.”
Absence
The lack or omission of something.
“I can't see without my glasses.”
“Coffee without milk, please.”
Manner
How an action is performed.
“She speaks with confidence.”
“Handle with care.”
Reference Table
| حرف اضافه | معنی اصلی | مثالها (انگلیسی) |
|---|---|---|
|
with
|
همراه با / داشتن
|
Coffee with milk, go with friends
|
|
with
|
با استفاده از ابزار
|
Cut with a knife, write with a pen
|
|
with
|
همراهی
|
Plays with his band, lives with his family
|
|
with
|
شیوه / کیفیت
|
Spoke with passion, person with good ideas
|
|
without
|
نداشتن / فاقد بودن
|
Tea without sugar, left without a coat
|
|
without
|
نبود شرایط
|
Can't enter without a ticket, impossible without help
|
طیف رسمیت
I shall be accompanied by my colleague. (socializing)
I am going with my friend. (socializing)
I'm hanging with my bestie. (socializing)
I'm rollin' with my squad. (socializing)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
I drink coffee with milk.
She is with her friend.
I want water without ice.
He plays with a ball.
Can you come with me?
They are without a car today.
The man with the red hat is my uncle.
You can't enter without a ticket.
I am writing with a new pen.
She left the room without a word.
We are happy with our new house.
He walked home with his dog.
He handled the situation with great patience.
Without knowing the truth, I cannot decide.
I'm bored with this movie.
She arrived with her luggage already packed.
Can we live without technology?
He spoke with a slight accent.
The results are consistent with our theory.
He was faced with a difficult choice.
Without a doubt, this is the best pizza.
She was trembling with fear.
I can't deal with this right now.
With the deadline approaching, we must hurry.
With all due respect, I disagree.
The project was fraught with difficulties.
He is a man with many strings to his bow.
Without so much as a glance, he walked past.
What with the rain and the wind, the party was ruined.
She is synonymous with success.
The treaty was signed with a view to ending the war.
He was left without a leg to stand on.
With the best will in the world, it won't work.
She bore the news with stoic resignation.
The city was teeming with life.
Without recourse to violence, they sought peace.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use 'by' for tools because it feels like the 'method' of doing something.
Sometimes 'with' is used when 'and' is more natural for joining two subjects.
Learners use 'without' to start a conditional clause where 'unless' is needed.
اشتباهات رایج
I am with I.
I am with me.
I write by a pen.
I write with a pen.
Coffee with out sugar.
Coffee without sugar.
I go with bus.
I go by bus.
He left without to say goodbye.
He left without saying goodbye.
The man with the blue eyes is here.
The man with blue eyes is here.
I am bored of this.
I am bored with this.
Without your help, I can't do it.
Without your help, I couldn't do it.
With the respect...
With all due respect...
الگوهای جملهسازی
I like my ___ with ___.
I can't ___ without my ___.
The ___ with the ___ is ___.
He left without ___ing.
Real World Usage
A latte with oat milk and without sugar, please.
I have five years of experience with Python.
My computer won't start without the charger.
R u w/ Sarah?
Are you traveling with any liquids?
Looking for someone with a good sense of humor.
مثل «به اضافه» یا «منها» فکر کن
I want coffee with milk.
I want coffee without sugar.
«with» و «by» رو برای افعال اشتباه نگیر
write with a pen). «by» معمولاً برای *انجامدهنده* عمل یا *روش* انجام اونه (مثلاً:
written by Shakespeare, travel by bus). اینا رو نمیشه به جای هم استفاده کرد!برای فعلها از without + -ing استفاده کن
She left without saying goodbye.این یک ساختار رایج و طبیعیه.
در سفارش غذا زیاد از «with» و «without» استفاده میشه
Coffee with milk, burger without onions. این تو کافهها یا اپلیکیشنهای سفارش غذا خیلی کاربردیه!با کارهای روزمرهات تمرین کن
I woke up without an alarm.
I ate breakfast with my roommate.هر چی بیشتر اینا رو توی افکارت جا بدی، زودتر ملکه ذهنت میشه.
Smart Tips
Always use 'with' for what you want and 'without' for what you don't want. It's the most polite and clear way to order.
Change it to 'me' or 'us' immediately. Prepositions always take the object form.
Use 'with' for things they are wearing or physical features. It's like a shortcut for a long sentence.
Always add '-ing' to the verb. Never use 'to' or the base form.
تلفظ
The 'th' in With
In 'with', the 'th' can be voiced /ð/ or unvoiced /θ/. Both are correct.
Linking
When 'with' is followed by a vowel, the 'th' links to the next word.
Reduction of Without
In fast speech, the first syllable of 'without' is very short.
Emphasis on Without
I said WITHOUT sugar!
Used when a mistake was made in an order.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
WITH: We Include These Here. WITHOUT: We Ignore These Out Under Today.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a magnet. 'With' is the magnet pulling two things together. 'Without' is the same poles pushing things apart, leaving a gap.
Rhyme
With is for a friend or tool, Without means empty, that's the rule!
Story
A chef is making a soup. He adds salt 'with' a spoon. He realizes he is 'without' onions. He goes to the store 'with' his bag.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look around your room. Name 3 things you have 'with' you and 3 things you are 'without' right now.
نکات فرهنگی
In the UK, 'with' is often used in the phrase 'Are you finished with that?' when a waiter wants to take your plate.
Americans often use 'with' in the phrase 'to go with' meaning to match or look good together.
When invited to a party, 'with' usually implies you can bring a guest ('plus one'), while 'without' is rarely used on invitations but implied if no guest is mentioned.
'With' comes from Old English 'wið', which originally meant 'against' or 'opposite' (like in 'withstand'). 'Without' comes from 'wið' + 'utan' (outside).
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Do you like your coffee with or without sugar?
Who do you live with?
What is one thing you cannot live without?
If you go to a desert island, who would you go with?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
She arrived at the party ___ her sister.
Choose the correct sentence:
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesI like my pizza ___ extra cheese.
He is very lonely. He is ___ any friends.
Find and fix the mistake:
She is going to the party with I.
sugar / coffee / I / without / drink
Match the phrases.
I open the box ___ a key.
The girl ___ the yellow umbrella is my sister.
He left the house ___ his keys.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesHe likes his coffee black, ___ milk.
I went to the store and my dog.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella no puede vivir sin su familia.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the following phrases:
Please leave the package ___ the front desk.
Translate into English: 'Ella canta con mucha pasión.'
I can't focus work noise.
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
Yes! In casual English, it is very common. For example: 'Who are you going with?' is more natural than 'With whom are you going?'
Yes, it has a negative meaning (lack of something), but it doesn't make the whole sentence grammatically negative like 'not' does.
Use `with` for tools (with a hammer) and `by` for methods or people (by bus, by John).
Use 'with me' for normal accompaniment. 'With myself' is only used if you are the subject of the sentence (e.g., 'I am angry with myself').
Yes, but use the -ing form. 'He left without eating.'
No, it is just an abbreviation for 'with' used in texting and note-taking.
Use 'with'. For example: 'The boy with green eyes.'
No, that is a double negative. Say 'without any' or just 'without' + noun.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
con / sin
English uses 'by' for transport, Spanish uses 'con'.
avec / sans
English uses -ing after 'without'; French uses the infinitive.
mit / ohne
English doesn't change the noun's ending after the preposition.
と (to) / なしで (nashi de)
English prepositions come BEFORE the noun; Japanese particles come AFTER.
مع (ma'a) / بدون (bi-duni)
Arabic can use a prefix (bi-) for tools, while English always uses a full word (with).
跟 (gēn) / 没有 (méiyǒu)
Chinese often uses verbs where English uses prepositions.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
08:01 Kevin Nealon Feels “Nothing” About Being Conan’s Friend | Conan O'Brien Needs A Friend
02:21 Meow Meow Kitty Cat Song 😺 | Fun Nursery Rhyme for Babies & Preschool Kids by ChuChu TV
17:43 Olivia Munn on Husband John Mulaney’s Relationship with Her Mom & Making the Worst Smelling Stew
Grammar rules for prepositions | Common English Grammar Mistakes
WOW English
10 EASY Grammar Rules For PREPOSITIONS (in, at, on, to, for, etc.)
linguamarina
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