A1 · مبتدی فصل 8

The Basics of Time and Space

6 مجموع قواعد
68 مثال‌ها
5 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of placing people, objects, and events in the world around you.

  • Identify the correct prepositions for specific times and locations.
  • Describe the physical relationship between objects.
  • Express movement and possession using simple prepositions.
Find your place in time and space.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Let's explore how to talk about *when* and *where* things are! We'll make friends with words like in, on, at, and next to. Soon, you'll easily say when a party is or where your book can be found.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'in', 'on', and 'at' to describe where an object is located.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Understanding English the basics of time and space is one of the most exciting steps you'll take as an A1 English grammar learner! It might seem like a small detail, but knowing how to talk about *when* and *where* things happen or are located is absolutely essential for everyday communication. Imagine trying to tell a friend where to meet you, or when your class starts – these little words called prepositions are your secret weapons.
In this chapter, we’re going to unlock the power of words like in, on, at, from, to, next to, behind, between, with, and without. Don't worry if they look like a lot right now; we'll break them down into simple, easy-to-understand chunks. By the end, you’ll feel much more confident saying things like
My book is on the table
or
The party is at 7 PM on Friday.
These foundational skills will help you build clearer sentences and express yourself like a pro, making your journey in English much smoother and more enjoyable!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

Let's dive into these super useful little words! We'll start with prepositions of place: at, on, and in. Think of at as a tiny dot on a map – it’s for specific points or locations, like
I am at home
or
She is waiting at the bus stop.
On is for surfaces, like a flat line:
The pen is on the desk
or
We live on Park Street.
And in is for larger, enclosed spaces, like a 3D box:
My keys are in my bag
or
He works in an office.
These help us pinpoint exactly where things are.
Next, we use these same words for time prepositions, but with a different logic. Imagine a time pyramid: in is for large, general periods, like
I wake up early in the morning
or
My birthday is in August.
Moving down to the middle, on is for specific days or dates:
The meeting is on Tuesday
or
We have a party on October 25th.
Finally, at the very tip, at is for precise clock times:
Dinner is at 7 PM
or
The movie starts at half past eight.
Now, let's look at movement and relationships. We use from and to for origin and destination. If you start somewhere, you come from there:
I walk from my house to the park.
This works for time too:
The shop is open from 9 AM to 5 PM.
For describing where objects are in relation to each other, we have spatial prepositions like next to, behind, and between.
If your phone is next to your computer, it's right beside it. If a cat is behind the sofa, you can't see it from the front. And if a shop is between the bank and the post office, it's right in the middle of them.
Lastly, with means something is included, like
coffee with milk,
and without means it's not included, like
tea without sugar.
These prepositions add crucial detail to your sentences.

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1Confusing in and on for place:
✗ My phone is in the table.
✓ My phone is on the table.
*Explanation*: Use on for surfaces where something is resting, and in for enclosed spaces.
  1. 1Incorrectly using in for specific days:
✗ I will see you in Friday.
✓ I will see you on Friday.
*Explanation*: For specific days of the week, always use on.
  1. 1Missing or incorrect spatial prepositions:
✗ The car is the house. (unclear location)
✓ The car is next to the house. / The car is behind the house.
*Explanation*: These small words are necessary to clearly show the relationship between objects.

مکالمات واقعی

1. Finding a location:

A

A

Excuse me, where is the restroom?
B

B

It's behind the big red sign, next to the stairs.

2. Making plans:

A

A

When is your English class?
B

B

It's on Monday, from 6 PM to 7 PM.

3. Ordering food:

A

A

Can I have a coffee, please?
B

B

Sure. With milk or without?
A

A

With milk, please. And sugar in it.

سؤالات رایج

Q

When do I use at for time?

You use at for very specific clock times, like "The train arrives at 3 o'clock or Let's meet at noon."

Q

What's the main difference between in and on for places?

Think of in for something *inside* a larger area or container (like in the car, in the box), and on for something *on a surface* (like on the floor, on the wall).

Q

Can from and to be used for people, not just places?

Yes! You can say

This gift is from my friend
to show the origin of the gift, or
I sent a letter to my sister.

Q

Are next to and between always about physical objects?

While often used for objects, you can also use them for abstract concepts or people, like

My free time is between work and sleep,
or
He sat next to me in class.

بافت فرهنگی

Native English speakers use these prepositions constantly, often without thinking. You'll notice that while there are rules, some phrases become fixed, like at home or on the weekend (though in the weekend is common in British English). Sometimes, fast speech might make the prepositions sound less distinct, but the clarity they provide is always valued.
Don't be surprised if you hear a slight regional difference; focus on the core meanings first.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

My keys are `in` my bag.

کلیدهای من توی کیفم هستن.

حروف اضافه مکان: in, on, at (اصول اولیه)
2

The book is `on` the shelf.

کتاب روی قفسه است.

حروف اضافه مکان: in, on, at (اصول اولیه)
3

I come **from** Mexico.

من از مکزیک می‌آیم.

حروف اضافه مبدأ و مقصد (from / to)
4

She goes **to** work every morning.

او هر روز صبح به سر کار می‌رود.

حروف اضافه مبدأ و مقصد (from / to)
5

My laptop is next to the coffee mug.

لپ‌تاپم کنار لیوان قهوه است.

حروف اضافه مکان: کنار، پشت، و بین (Prepositions)
6

Please wait for me in front of the mall entrance.

لطفاً جلوی ورودی پاساژ منتظرم باش.

حروف اضافه مکان: کنار، پشت، و بین (Prepositions)
7

Let's meet for coffee at 10 AM on Saturday.

بیا شنبه ساعت ۱۰ برای قهوه همدیگه رو ببینیم.

در، روی، در: تسلط بر حروف اضافه زمان و مکان
8

My job interview is on Monday morning at 9:30.

مصاحبه کاری من دوشنبه صبح ساعت ۹:۳۰ هست.

در، روی، در: تسلط بر حروف اضافه زمان و مکان

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

جعبه خیالی رو تصور کن!

برای 'in' همیشه یه جعبه یا فضای بسته رو تو ذهنت بیار. اگه چیزی 'داخل' اون جعبه خیالیه، از 'in' استفاده کن. مثلاً:
I am in the room.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حروف اضافه مکان: in, on, at (اصول اولیه)
🎯

قانون کلمه Day

هر جا کلمه day رو دیدی، بدون شک از on استفاده کن. مثلاً: on Monday, on Christmas Day, on my birthday.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حروف اضافه زمان: (in, on, at)
💡

یادت نره 'to' بذاری!

همیشه برای نشون دادن مقصد از 'to' استفاده کن، مگر اینکه مقصدت home باشه. فکر کن go to school،
go to the park
، اما go home.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حروف اضافه مبدأ و مقصد (from / to)
💡

قانون "Next to"

همیشه یادت باشه to رو بگی. گفتن next the یه اشتباه رایج برای مبتدی‌هاست. مثل یه کلمه واحد بهش فکر کن:
The cat is next to the box.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حروف اضافه مکان: کنار، پشت، و بین (Prepositions)

واژگان کلیدی (5)

between in the middle of two things behind at the back of destination the place where someone is going origin the place where something starts without not having something

Real-World Preview

users

Finding a friend

Review Summary

  • Subject + be + [in/on/at] + Place
  • Subject + verb + [in/on/at] + Time
  • from [Start] to [End]
  • Object + [next to/behind/between] + Landmark
  • Review: At (point), On (surface/day), In (container/period)
  • with/without + Noun

اشتباهات رایج

A bus stop is viewed as a specific point in space, not a container, so use 'at'.

Wrong: I am in the bus stop.
صحیح: I am at the bus stop.

Days of the week always use 'on'.

Wrong: The meeting is in Monday.
صحیح: The meeting is on Monday.

'Home' is an adverb of place here, so we do not use 'to'.

Wrong: I am going to home.
صحیح: I am going home.

قواعد این فصل (6)

1

حروف اضافه مکان: in, on, at (اصول اولیه)

A1
سه تا کلمه جادویی داری: in برای «فضای بسته»، on برای «سطح» و at برای «نقطه خاص». با اینا دقیق حرف بزن!
My keys are `in` my bag.
12 مثال‌ها
2

حروف اضافه زمان: (in, on, at)

A1
یه هرم رو تصور کن: in برای زمان‌های بزرگ و کلی، on برای روزها، و at برای ساعت‌های دقیق.
I'll see you `at` 8:00 PM tonight.
10 مثال‌ها
3

حروف اضافه مبدأ و مقصد (from / to)

A1
from برای «مبدا» و to برای «مقصد» تو انگلیسی خیلی به کارت میان تا منظورت رو واضح بگی.
I come **from** Mexico.
12 مثال‌ها
4

حروف اضافه مکان: کنار، پشت، و بین (Prepositions)

A1
این حروف اضافه مکانی رو یاد بگیری، می‌تونی دقیقاً بگی اشیا کجا هستن. next to, in front of, behind, between ابزارهای جادویی تو هستن!
My laptop is next to the coffee mug.
10 مثال‌ها
5

در، روی، در: تسلط بر حروف اضافه زمان و مکان

A1
سه تا ابزار جادویی داری: at واسه زمان و جای دقیق، on واسه روزها و سطح‌ها، و in واسه زمان‌های طولانی و فضاهای بزرگ.
Let's meet for coffee at 10 AM on Saturday.
12 مثال‌ها
6

حروف اضافه انگلیسی: با و بدون

A1
یاد گرفتن with و without بهت کمک می‌کنه جزئیات مهمی رو در مورد همراهی، ابزار و نبود چیزی اضافه کنی.
I'm going to the concert tonight `with my friends`...
12 مثال‌ها

Next Steps

You did a fantastic job today. Mastering prepositions is a huge milestone in your English journey!

Describe your room to a friend

Continue to: Talking About Amounts and Ideas

تمرین سریع (10)

جمله صحیح را انتخاب کنید

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I can't live without Wi-Fi.
برای بیان اینکه چیزی ضروری است و نمیتوانی بدون آن باشی، از «without» استفاده می‌کنیم. این روزها وای‌فای کاملاً ضروری است!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حروف اضافه انگلیسی: با و بدون

کدام جمله از نظر گرامری صحیح است؟

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My car is parked next to the bank.
Next to همیشه باید شامل کلمه to باشه. Between به بیش از یک شیء نیاز داره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حروف اضافه مکان: کنار، پشت، و بین (Prepositions)

گزینه درست رو انتخاب کن

The party is ___ Friday evening.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: on
واسه روزهای هفته همیشه از 'on' استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: در، روی، در: تسلط بر حروف اضافه زمان و مکان

حرف اضافه درست رو انتخاب کن تا جمله کامل بشه.

The cat is sleeping ___ the sofa.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: on
گربه روی سطح مبل استراحت می‌کنه، بنابراین 'on' حرف اضافه درستیه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حروف اضافه مکان: in, on, at (اصول اولیه)

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا و اصلاح کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

I usually go to the gym in Mondays.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I usually go to the gym on Mondays.
روزهای هفته مثل Mondays همیشه حرف اضافه on می‌گیرن.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حروف اضافه زمان: (in, on, at)

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

I live at London.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I live in London.
برای مناطق جغرافیایی بزرگ مثل شهرها و کشورها از 'in' استفاده میشه. 'At' برای نقاط خاصه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حروف اضافه مکان: in, on, at (اصول اولیه)

کدوم جمله درسته؟

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My phone is on the table.
وقتی چیزی روی یه سطحه، از 'on' استفاده می‌کنیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: در، روی، در: تسلط بر حروف اضافه زمان و مکان

اشتباه رو پیدا و اصلاح کن

Find and fix the mistake:

I usually get up in 7 AM.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I usually get up at 7 AM.
واسه ساعت‌های دقیق همیشه باید از 'at' استفاده کنی.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: در، روی، در: تسلط بر حروف اضافه زمان و مکان

اشتباه جمله را پیدا و اصلاح کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

The bike is behind of the car.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The bike is behind the car.
Behind نیازی به کلمه of نداره. فقط in front of از اون استفاده می‌کنه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حروف اضافه مکان: کنار، پشت، و بین (Prepositions)

کدوم جمله از نظر گرامری درسته؟

Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My birthday is on May 5th.
تاریخ‌های دقیق مثل May 5th همیشه با on میان.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حروف اضافه زمان: (in, on, at)

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

In برای فضای بسته‌س (مثل in a room, in a city). On برای روی یه سطحه (مثل on the table, on the wall). At برای یه نقطه خاص یا موقعیت کلیه (مثل
at the bus stop
, at home).
اگه چیزی 'تو' یه چیزیه یا 'اطرافش' رو گرفته، از 'in' استفاده کن (مثلاً: in a box, in a drawer). اگه روی 'یه سطح' قرار گرفته، از 'on' استفاده کن (مثلاً: on the shelf, on the floor).
باید بگی at noon. چون ظهر یه زمان دقیقه (ساعت ۱۲)، مثل ساعت‌ها باهاش رفتار می‌کنیم.
از in استفاده کن. فصل‌ها دوره‌های طولانی هستن. مثلاً: in summer.
from مبدا یا نقطه شروع رو نشون میده، مثل
I am from Canada
. to هم مقصد یا نقطه پایان رو نشون میده، مثل
I go to school
.
بله، اغلب برای نشون دادن یه بازه زمانی استفاده میشن، مثلاً
The store is open from 9 AM to 5 PM
.
فصل قبلی
Asking Questions and Saying No
فصل بعدی
Talking About Amounts and Ideas
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