Preposições em Inglês: com e sem
companhia, ferramentas e ausência.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'with' to show things or people together, and 'without' to show when something is missing or alone.
- Use 'with' for people you are with: 'I am with my friend.'
- Use 'with' for tools or ingredients: 'I eat with a fork.'
- Use 'without' for things that are missing: 'I like tea without sugar.'
Overview
with e without como os melhores amigos da língua inglesa. Um é aquele super sociável que une todo mundo (with). O outro é o minimalista que prefere manter as coisas simples (without).with (com) seu telefone.without (sem) ele. Essas palavras ajudam você a descrever seu ambiente. Elas ajudam a especificar suas necessidades.How This Grammar Works
with e without é como brincar com blocos de Lego. Você só precisa encaixá-los. Não precisa mudar a grafia.with + my friend ou without + her. Esse é o motor básico. Funciona para pessoas, objetos e até ideias abstratas como 'love' (amor) ou 'fear' (medo).with a pen (com uma caneta). Você também pode usá-las para descrever o que está carregando.with an umbrella (com um guarda-chuva)? Ou está ficando encharcado without one (sem um)? Essas palavras também funcionam perfeitamente com comida.I am with. As pessoas vão esperar você terminar.With who? With what?(Com quem? Com o quê?) Não deixe elas no vácuo!
toca aqui no ar.Formation Pattern
with ou without.
with | sugar | I drink tea with sugar.
without | shoes | She walks without shoes.
with | us | They play with us.
I, She ou They. A preposição permanece exatamente a mesma. É a parte mais leal da frase. Você também pode usá-las no começo de uma frase para dar ênfase. Without you, I am lost. (Muito dramático, perfeito para uma letra de música ou uma mensagem desesperada). Ou, With this app, I can learn English faster. Essa flexibilidade as torna muito poderosas. Apenas siga o padrão: [Ação/Coisa] + [Preposição] + [Substantivo/Pronome]. É uma fórmula vencedora sempre.
When To Use It
with e without. Vamos olhar os cenários mais comuns.- Accompaniment: Isso é para quando você está fazendo coisas com pessoas. "I'm at the mall
withSarah." Mostra que você não é um fantasma solitário. - Tools and Instruments: Como você está fazendo a ação? "I'm filming this TikTok
withmy new tripod." O tripé é sua ferramenta. - Ingredients and Features: Perfeito para comida e gadgets.
A latte
ouwithvanilla syrupA laptop
witha touch screen. - Manner or Feeling: Como você se sente?
He speaks
Ouwithconfidence.She listened
(Ai, essa doeu).withoutinterest - Possession: O que você tem?
The girl
Ajuda você a identificar pessoas em uma multidão.withthe blue hair. - Conditions: "You can't enter
withouta ticket." Define as regras.
without para salvar sua refeição!Common Mistakes
- Using
noinstead ofwithout: Não digaI go to school with no books.
Embora as pessoas possam te entender, soa um pouco estranho. UseI go to school
É mais limpo.withoutbooks. - Wrong word order: Não coloque a preposição no final de uma afirmação simples como
The sugar
Digawithtea is good.Tea
A preposição gosta de estar no meio da ação.withsugar is good. - Using
andwhen you meanwith:I study and my friend
está errado. UseI study
withmy friend. - Forgetting the object: Você não pode apenas dizer
I am without.Sem o quê? Seu telefone? Sua dignidade? Suas chaves? Sempre termine o pensamento. - Confusing
withandby: Isso é comum. Não digaI write by a pen.
UseI write
witha pen.withé para a ferramenta física.byé para o método (comoby hand).
with (com) você, não contra você!Contrast With Similar Patterns
with e without. Vamos esclarecer a confusão.withvs.for:withmostra conexão.I am
withyou.formostra propósito ou benefício.This coffee is
Se você dá café para alguém, useforyou.for. Se vocês bebem juntos, usewith.withoutvs.except:withoutmostra ausência. "I'mwithouta car.
Everyone is hereexceptmostra uma exclusão de um grupo.exceptJohn." Usewithoutpara coisas que você não tem. Useexceptpara coisas que você está deixando de fora de uma lista.withvs.by: Como mencionado,withé para a ferramenta.Open it
witha knife.byé para a pessoa ou o meio.It was opened
OubyMark.I travel
bybus.
Quick FAQ
Posso usar with para ferramentas?
Sim! Use para qualquer coisa que você usa para fazer um trabalho.
I eat with a fork.
without é o mesmo que not with?
Basicamente, sim. Mas without é uma palavra só e soa muito mais natural na maioria dos casos.
Posso usar with com sentimentos?
Com certeza.
She smiled with happiness. Descreve a vibe da ação.
Qual é o oposto de with?
Na maioria dos contextos, o oposto é without. Eles são um par perfeito.
Posso começar uma frase com without?
Sim. É ótimo para ênfase. "Without Wi-Fi, I can't work." (Uma tragédia moderna).
Como digo "I'm with her" em uma mensagem?
Desse jeito mesmo! "I'm with her at the gym." É muito comum e útil.
Preciso de um artigo depois de with?
Geralmente sim, se o substantivo for contável.
With a phone ou With the manager.
Posso usar without + verbos com -ing?
Sim!
He left without saying goodbye. Isso é um pouco mais avançado, mas muito útil.
Basic Structure of With/Without
| Preposition | Object Type | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
with
|
Noun
|
with a friend
|
|
without
|
Noun
|
without money
|
|
with
|
Object Pronoun
|
with me / him / us
|
|
without
|
Object Pronoun
|
without her / them
|
|
with
|
Gerund (-ing)
|
with smiling (rare)
|
|
without
|
Gerund (-ing)
|
without crying
|
Informal Abbreviations
| Full Word | Abbreviation | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
with
|
w/
|
Texting/Notes
|
|
without
|
w/o
|
Texting/Notes
|
Meanings
Prepositions used to indicate accompaniment, the use of a tool, or the absence of something.
Accompaniment
Being together with another person or thing.
“I live with my parents.”
“She is walking with her brother.”
Instrument/Tool
Using an object to perform an action.
“I write with a pen.”
“He cuts the bread with a knife.”
Possession/Features
Describing a person or thing by what they have.
“The girl with blue eyes.”
“A house with a big garden.”
Absence
The lack or omission of something.
“I can't see without my glasses.”
“Coffee without milk, please.”
Manner
How an action is performed.
“She speaks with confidence.”
“Handle with care.”
Reference Table
| Preposição | Significado Principal | Exemplos (Inglês) |
|---|---|---|
|
with
|
Junto com / Tendo
|
Coffee with milk, go with friends
|
|
with
|
Usando uma ferramenta
|
Cut with a knife, write with a pen
|
|
with
|
Acompanhamento
|
Plays with his band, lives with his family
|
|
with
|
Maneira/Qualidade
|
Spoke with passion, person with good ideas
|
|
without
|
Não tendo / Faltando
|
Tea without sugar, left without a coat
|
|
without
|
Ausência de condição
|
Can't enter without a ticket, impossible without help
|
Espectro de formalidade
I shall be accompanied by my colleague. (socializing)
I am going with my friend. (socializing)
I'm hanging with my bestie. (socializing)
I'm rollin' with my squad. (socializing)
Exemplos por nível
I drink coffee with milk.
She is with her friend.
I want water without ice.
He plays with a ball.
Can you come with me?
They are without a car today.
The man with the red hat is my uncle.
You can't enter without a ticket.
I am writing with a new pen.
She left the room without a word.
We are happy with our new house.
He walked home with his dog.
He handled the situation with great patience.
Without knowing the truth, I cannot decide.
I'm bored with this movie.
She arrived with her luggage already packed.
Can we live without technology?
He spoke with a slight accent.
The results are consistent with our theory.
He was faced with a difficult choice.
Without a doubt, this is the best pizza.
She was trembling with fear.
I can't deal with this right now.
With the deadline approaching, we must hurry.
With all due respect, I disagree.
The project was fraught with difficulties.
He is a man with many strings to his bow.
Without so much as a glance, he walked past.
What with the rain and the wind, the party was ruined.
She is synonymous with success.
The treaty was signed with a view to ending the war.
He was left without a leg to stand on.
With the best will in the world, it won't work.
She bore the news with stoic resignation.
The city was teeming with life.
Without recourse to violence, they sought peace.
Fácil de confundir
Learners use 'by' for tools because it feels like the 'method' of doing something.
Sometimes 'with' is used when 'and' is more natural for joining two subjects.
Learners use 'without' to start a conditional clause where 'unless' is needed.
Erros comuns
I am with I.
I am with me.
I write by a pen.
I write with a pen.
Coffee with out sugar.
Coffee without sugar.
I go with bus.
I go by bus.
He left without to say goodbye.
He left without saying goodbye.
The man with the blue eyes is here.
The man with blue eyes is here.
I am bored of this.
I am bored with this.
Without your help, I can't do it.
Without your help, I couldn't do it.
With the respect...
With all due respect...
Padrões de frases
I like my ___ with ___.
I can't ___ without my ___.
The ___ with the ___ is ___.
He left without ___ing.
Real World Usage
A latte with oat milk and without sugar, please.
I have five years of experience with Python.
My computer won't start without the charger.
R u w/ Sarah?
Are you traveling with any liquids?
Looking for someone with a good sense of humor.
Pense como 'mais' ou 'menos'
I like coffee with sugar.
I like coffee without sugar.
Não confunda 'with' e 'by' para ações
write with a pen). 'By' geralmente é para o *agente* que faz a ação ou o *método* (por exemplo,
written by Shakespeare, travel by bus). Eles não são a mesma coisa!Use 'without' + -ing para verbos
She left without saying goodbye.É uma construção comum e natural.
Pedidos de comida usam 'with' / 'without'
Coffee with milk, burger without onions. Isso é super prático em cafeterias ou aplicativos de entrega!Pratique com sua rotina diária
I woke up without an alarm.
I ate breakfast with my roommate.Quanto mais você colocar eles nos seus pensamentos, mais rápido eles grudam!
Smart Tips
Always use 'with' for what you want and 'without' for what you don't want. It's the most polite and clear way to order.
Change it to 'me' or 'us' immediately. Prepositions always take the object form.
Use 'with' for things they are wearing or physical features. It's like a shortcut for a long sentence.
Always add '-ing' to the verb. Never use 'to' or the base form.
Pronúncia
The 'th' in With
In 'with', the 'th' can be voiced /ð/ or unvoiced /θ/. Both are correct.
Linking
When 'with' is followed by a vowel, the 'th' links to the next word.
Reduction of Without
In fast speech, the first syllable of 'without' is very short.
Emphasis on Without
I said WITHOUT sugar!
Used when a mistake was made in an order.
Memorize
Mnemônico
WITH: We Include These Here. WITHOUT: We Ignore These Out Under Today.
Associação visual
Imagine a magnet. 'With' is the magnet pulling two things together. 'Without' is the same poles pushing things apart, leaving a gap.
Rhyme
With is for a friend or tool, Without means empty, that's the rule!
Story
A chef is making a soup. He adds salt 'with' a spoon. He realizes he is 'without' onions. He goes to the store 'with' his bag.
Word Web
Desafio
Look around your room. Name 3 things you have 'with' you and 3 things you are 'without' right now.
Notas culturais
In the UK, 'with' is often used in the phrase 'Are you finished with that?' when a waiter wants to take your plate.
Americans often use 'with' in the phrase 'to go with' meaning to match or look good together.
When invited to a party, 'with' usually implies you can bring a guest ('plus one'), while 'without' is rarely used on invitations but implied if no guest is mentioned.
'With' comes from Old English 'wið', which originally meant 'against' or 'opposite' (like in 'withstand'). 'Without' comes from 'wið' + 'utan' (outside).
Iniciadores de conversa
Do you like your coffee with or without sugar?
Who do you live with?
What is one thing you cannot live without?
If you go to a desert island, who would you go with?
Temas para diário
Erros comuns
Test Yourself
She arrived at the party ___ her sister.
Choose the correct sentence:
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
Exercicios praticos
8 exercisesI like my pizza ___ extra cheese.
He is very lonely. He is ___ any friends.
Find and fix the mistake:
She is going to the party with I.
sugar / coffee / I / without / drink
Match the phrases.
I open the box ___ a key.
The girl ___ the yellow umbrella is my sister.
He left the house ___ his keys.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesHe likes his coffee black, ___ milk.
I went to the store and my dog.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella no puede vivir sin su familia.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the following phrases:
Please leave the package ___ the front desk.
Translate into English: 'Ella canta con mucha pasión.'
I can't focus work noise.
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Score: /10
Perguntas frequentes (8)
Yes! In casual English, it is very common. For example: 'Who are you going with?' is more natural than 'With whom are you going?'
Yes, it has a negative meaning (lack of something), but it doesn't make the whole sentence grammatically negative like 'not' does.
Use `with` for tools (with a hammer) and `by` for methods or people (by bus, by John).
Use 'with me' for normal accompaniment. 'With myself' is only used if you are the subject of the sentence (e.g., 'I am angry with myself').
Yes, but use the -ing form. 'He left without eating.'
No, it is just an abbreviation for 'with' used in texting and note-taking.
Use 'with'. For example: 'The boy with green eyes.'
No, that is a double negative. Say 'without any' or just 'without' + noun.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
con / sin
English uses 'by' for transport, Spanish uses 'con'.
avec / sans
English uses -ing after 'without'; French uses the infinitive.
mit / ohne
English doesn't change the noun's ending after the preposition.
と (to) / なしで (nashi de)
English prepositions come BEFORE the noun; Japanese particles come AFTER.
مع (ma'a) / بدون (bi-duni)
Arabic can use a prefix (bi-) for tools, while English always uses a full word (with).
跟 (gēn) / 没有 (méiyǒu)
Chinese often uses verbs where English uses prepositions.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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