B2 Advanced Patterns 12 min read 보통

중국어 피동문: ~함을 당하다 (被)

피동 표현 '被'는 어떤 일이 '내게' 일어났는지, 특히 안 좋은 일이나 예상치 못한 일을 말할 때 써요. «被»는 '피해자' 느낌!

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use {被|bèi} to indicate that the subject is the recipient of an action rather than the doer.

  • Structure: Receiver + 被 + Agent + Verb + Other elements (e.g., {他|tā} {被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {打|dǎ} {了|le}).
  • The agent can be omitted if unknown or irrelevant (e.g., {书|shū} {被|bèi} {拿走|názǒu} {了|le}).
  • Usually implies a negative or undesirable outcome, though neutral usage exists in formal contexts.
Receiver + 被 + Agent + Verb + Result

Overview

룸메이트가 내 奶茶(nǎichá) (밀크티)를 몰래 마셔버린 적이 있나요? ... (Korean translation)

Passive Construction Formula

Component Function Example
Receiver
The subject
{书|shū}
Passive marker
{被|bèi}
Agent
The doer
{我|wǒ}
Verb
Action
{拿走|názǒu}
Complement
Result
{了|le}

Meanings

The {被|bèi} construction is used to highlight the patient (receiver) of an action, shifting focus away from the agent.

1

Adversarial Passive

Used when something negative happens to the subject.

“{我|wǒ} {被|bèi} {雨|yǔ} {淋|lín} {湿|shī} {了|le}。”

“{他|tā} {被|bèi} {老师|lǎoshī} {批评|pīpíng} {了|le}。”

2

Formal/Objective Passive

Used in news or academic writing to report events objectively.

“{这项|zhèxiàng} {计划|jìhuà} {被|bèi} {政府|zhèngfǔ} {批准|pīzhǔn} {了|le}。”

“{会议|huìyì} {被|bèi} {推迟|tuīchí} {到|dào} {明天|míngtiān} {了|le}。”

Reference Table

Reference table for 중국어 피동문: ~함을 당하다 (被)
구조 예시 (중국어) 병음 한국어 뜻
대상 + 被 + 동사 + 了
{衣服|yīfu} {被|bèi} {弄脏|nòngzāng} {了|le}
Yīfu bèi nòngzāng le
옷이 더러워졌어요.
대상 + 被 + 행위자 + 동사 + 了
{他|tā} {被|bèi} {老师|lǎoshī} {发现|fāxiàn} {了|le}
Tā bèi lǎoshī fāxiàn le
그는 선생님께 발견되었어요.
대상 + 没 + 被 + 동사 + 了
{钱包|qiánbāo} {没|méi} {被|bèi} {偷|tōu}
Qiánbāo méi bèi tōu
지갑은 도둑맞지 않았어요.
대상 + 被 + 동사 + 결과 보어
{饭|fàn} {被|bèi} {吃|chī} {光|guāng} {了|le}
Fàn bèi chī guāng le
밥이 다 먹혀버렸어요.
대상 + 被 + 행위자 + 동사 + 결과 보어
{我|wǒ} {被|bèi} {他|tā} {气|qì} {死|sǐ} {了|le}
Wǒ bèi tā qì sǐ le
나는 그 때문에 화병으로 죽을 뻔했어요.
주어 + 被 + 동사 + 방향 보어 + 了
{车|chē} {被|bèi} {开|kāi} {走|zǒu} {了|le}
Chē bèi kāi zǒu le
차가 (누군가에 의해) 끌고 가버렸어요.

격식 수준 스펙트럼

격식체
{窗户|chuānghu} {被|bèi} {击碎|jīsuì} {了|le}。

{窗户|chuānghu} {被|bèi} {击碎|jīsuì} {了|le}。 (Accident)

중립
{窗户|chuānghu} {被|bèi} {打碎|dǎsuì} {了|le}。

{窗户|chuānghu} {被|bèi} {打碎|dǎsuì} {了|le}。 (Accident)

비격식체
{窗户|chuānghu} {被|bèi} {弄碎|nòngsuì} {了|le}。

{窗户|chuānghu} {被|bèi} {弄碎|nòngsuì} {了|le}。 (Accident)

속어
{窗户|chuānghu} {被|bèi} {搞|gǎo} {烂|làn} {了|le}。

{窗户|chuānghu} {被|bèi} {搞|gǎo} {烂|làn} {了|le}。 (Accident)

수준별 예문

1

{我|wǒ} {被|bèi} {雨|yǔ} {淋|lín} {了|le}。

I was rained on.

2

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {老师|lǎoshī} {叫|jiào} {了|le}。

He was called by the teacher.

3

{饭|fàn} {被|bèi} {吃|chī} {了|le}。

The food was eaten.

4

{球|qiú} {被|bèi} {踢|tī} {了|le}。

The ball was kicked.

1

{钱包|qiánbāo} {被|bèi} {小偷|xiǎotōu} {偷走|tōuzǒu} {了|le}。

The wallet was stolen by a thief.

2

{窗户|chuānghu} {被|bèi} {风|fēng} {吹开|chuīkāi} {了|le}。

The window was blown open by the wind.

3

{作业|zuòyè} {被|bèi} {狗|gǒu} {撕烂|sīlàn} {了|le}。

The homework was torn up by the dog.

4

{花|huā} {被|bèi} {猫|māo} {打翻|dǎfān} {了|le}。

The flowers were knocked over by the cat.

1

{这|zhè} {个|gè} {问题|wèntí} {被|bèi} {大家|dàjiā} {讨论|tǎolùn} {了|le} {很|hěn} {久|jiǔ}。

This problem was discussed by everyone for a long time.

2

{会议|huìyì} {被|bèi} {推迟|tuīchí} {到|dào} {下|xià} {周|zhōu} {了|le}。

The meeting was postponed until next week.

3

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {公司|gōngsī} {派|pài} {到|dào} {上海|shànghǎi} {工作|gōngzuò} {了|le}。

He was sent to Shanghai by the company to work.

4

{这|zhè} {本|běn} {书|shū} {被|bèi} {翻译|fānyì} {成|chéng} {了|le} {多|duō} {种|zhǒng} {语言|yǔyán}。

This book was translated into many languages.

1

{该|gāi} {项目|xiàngmù} {被|bèi} {委员会|wěiyuánhuì} {一致|yīzhì} {通过|tōngguò} {了|le}。

The project was unanimously approved by the committee.

2

{由于|yóuyú} {大雪|dàxuě},{航班|hángbān} {被|bèi} {取消|qǔxiāo} {了|le}。

Due to heavy snow, the flight was cancelled.

3

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {指控|zhǐkòng} {犯|fàn} {了|le} {严重|yánzhòng} {的|de} {错误|cuòwù}。

He was accused of committing a serious error.

4

{这|zhè} {座|zuò} {桥|qiáo} {被|bèi} {设计|shèjì} {得|de} {非常|fēicháng} {坚固|jiāngù}。

This bridge was designed to be very sturdy.

1

{此|cǐ} {项|xiàng} {研究|yánjiū} {被|bèi} {学术界|xuéshùjiè} {广泛|guǎngfàn} {引用|yǐnyòng}。

This research is widely cited by the academic community.

2

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {舆论|yúlùn} {推向|tuīxiàng} {了|le} {风口浪尖|fēngkǒulàngjiān}。

He was pushed to the forefront of public opinion.

3

{该|gāi} {政策|zhèngcè} {被|bèi} {认为|rènwéi} {是|shì} {解决|jiějué} {问题|wèntí} {的|de} {关键|guānjiàn}。

The policy is considered the key to solving the problem.

4

{这|zhè} {种|zhǒng} {现象|xiànxiàng} {被|bèi} {社会学家|shèhuìxuéjiā} {长期|chángqī} {关注|guānzhù}。

This phenomenon has been long-term observed by sociologists.

1

{其|qí} {言论|yánlùn} {被|bèi} {视为|shìwéi} {对|duì} {传统|chuántǒng} {的|de} {挑战|tiǎo衅|tiǎoxìn}。

His remarks were regarded as a provocation to tradition.

2

{该|gāi} {法案|fǎ'àn} {被|bèi} {议会|yìhuì} {搁置|gēzhì} {了|le} {数|shù} {月|yuè}。

The bill was shelved by parliament for several months.

3

{这|zhè} {一|yī} {发现|fāxiàn} {被|bèi} {科学界|kēxuéjiè} {誉为|yùwéi} {本|běn} {世纪|shìjì} {最|zuì} {大|dà} {的|de} {突破|tūpò}。

This discovery was hailed by the scientific community as the greatest breakthrough of the century.

4

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {命运|mìngyùn} {捉弄|zhuōnòng},{一生|yīshēng} {坎坷|kǎnkě}。

He was toyed with by fate, his life full of hardships.

혼동하기 쉬운

Chinese Passive Voice: Something was done (被) 被 vs 把

Both involve specific word orders and resultative complements.

Chinese Passive Voice: Something was done (被) 被 vs 让

Both can be used for passive-like meanings.

Chinese Passive Voice: Something was done (被) 被 vs 受

Both indicate receiving an action.

자주 하는 실수

{我|wǒ} {被|bèi} {吃|chī} {苹果|píngguǒ}

{苹果|píngguǒ} {被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {吃|chī} {了|le}

Wrong word order; receiver must be first.

{书|shū} {被|bèi} {拿|ná}

{书|shū} {被|bèi} {拿走|názǒu} {了|le}

Missing resultative complement.

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {爱|ài}

{我|wǒ} {爱|ài} {他|tā}

Passive is for negative/neutral, not positive emotions.

{被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {打|dǎ}

{我|wǒ} {被|bèi} {打|dǎ} {了|le}

Missing subject.

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {骂|mà}

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {骂|mà} {了|le}

Missing aspect marker.

{苹果|píngguǒ} {被|bèi} {吃|chī} {了|le} {我|wǒ}

{苹果|píngguǒ} {被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {吃|chī} {了|le}

Agent must be before the verb.

{被|bèi} {雨|yǔ} {淋|lín}

{我|wǒ} {被|bèi} {雨|yǔ} {淋|lín} {了|le}

Must have a receiver subject.

{这|zhè} {事|shì} {被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {做|zuò} {好|hǎo}

{这|zhè} {事|shì} {被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {做|zuò} {好|hǎo} {了|le}

Need to complete the aspect.

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {老师|lǎoshī} {批评|pīpíng} {很|hěn} {凶|xiōng}

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {老师|lǎoshī} {批评|pīpíng} {得|de} {很|hěn} {凶|xiōng}

Need 'de' for complement.

{被|bèi} {人|rén} {知道|zhīdào}

{这|zhè} {被|bèi} {人|rén} {知道|zhīdào} {了|le}

Need a topic/subject.

{被|bèi} {认为|rènwéi} {是|shì} {正确|zhèngquè}

{这|zhè} {被|bèi} {认为|rènwéi} {是|shì} {正确|zhèngquè} {的|de}

Passive needs a subject in formal writing.

{被|bèi} {他|tā} {所|suǒ} {打败|dǎbài}

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {他|tā} {打败|dǎbài} {了|le}

Redundant 'suo' in colloquial speech.

{被|bèi} {大家|dàjiā} {喜欢|xǐhuān}

{他|tā} {很|hěn} {受|shòu} {大家|dàjiā} {喜欢|xǐhuān}

Use 'shou' for positive passive.

{被|bèi} {他|tā} {发现|fāxiàn} {了|le} {我|wǒ}

{我|wǒ} {被|bèi} {他|tā} {发现|fāxiàn} {了|le}

Wrong subject-object alignment.

문장 패턴

___ 被 ___ 拿走了。

___ 被 ___ 批评了。

___ 被 ___ 讨论了很久。

___ 被 认为 是 ___。

Real World Usage

News Report very common

{大楼|dàlóu} {被|bèi} {火|huǒ} {烧毁|shāohuǐ} {了|le}。

Texting common

{我|wǒ} {被|bèi} {放|fàng} {鸽子|gēzi} {了|le}!

Job Interview occasional

{我|wǒ} {被|bèi} {公司|gōngsī} {选中|xuǎnzhòng} {了|le}。

Travel common

{航班|hángbān} {被|bèi} {取消|qǔxiāo} {了|le}。

Food Delivery common

{外卖|wàimài} {被|bèi} {送|sòng} {错|cuò} {了|le}。

Social Media common

{这|zhè} {条|tiáo} {消息|xiāoxi} {被|bèi} {转发|zhuǎnfā} {了|le} {一万|yīwàn} {次|cì}。

⚠️

단독으로 쓰지 마세요!

'被' 뒤에는 동사만 띡! 하고 끝나면 안 돼요. 꼭 '了', 결과 보어, 혹은 방향 보어('走', '掉' 등)를 붙여줘야 자연스러워요. «我被打。» (X) → «我被打跑了。» (O)
🎯

행위자는 선택 사항!

점심을 누가 먹었는지 숨기고 싶다면? 그냥 «午饭被吃了。» (점심이 (누군가에 의해) 먹혔어.) 라고 하면 돼요. 누구인지 정확히 말하지 않고 불평하기 딱 좋죠!
💬

신조어 주의!

요즘 인터넷에서는 꼭 수동태가 아니어도 '被'를 써요. 예를 들어 '被结婚'(사회적 압력으로 결혼하게 되다)처럼요. 문맥을 잘 봐야 해요.

Smart Tips

Use '被' to emphasize the victim.

小偷 偷 了 我 的 钱包 我 的 钱包 被 小偷 偷 了

Use '被' for objective facts.

政府 批准 了 计划 计划 被 政府 批准 了

Just drop it.

有人 把 书 拿走 了 书 被 拿走 了

Add a complement.

花 被 猫 打碎 花 被 猫 打碎 了

발음

bèi (falling tone)

Tone of 被

It is a 4th tone (bèi). Ensure it is sharp and falling.

Adversarial

Subject + 被 + Agent + Verb ↓

Falling intonation at the end to emphasize the negative result.

암기하기

기억법

Think of 'Bèi' as a 'B-E-I' (Being Effected Indeed).

시각적 연상

Imagine a person being covered by a heavy blanket (被子 - bèizi). The blanket is the action happening to them.

Rhyme

When the action hits you, use 'bèi', it's the passive way.

Story

Little Ming was playing. Suddenly, his toy was taken by his brother. '我的玩具被哥哥拿走了!' he cried. The '被' shows the toy was the victim.

Word Web

챌린지

Write 3 sentences today using '被' to describe things that happened to you.

문화 노트

Used frequently in news to report on social issues.

Similar usage, but sometimes '让' is preferred in casual speech.

Influenced by English, passive is used more often than in mainland China.

The character {被|bèi} originally meant 'quilt' or 'cover'.

대화 시작하기

{你|nǐ} {有|yǒu} {什么|shénme} {东西|dōngxi} {被|bèi} {偷|tōu} {过|guò} {吗|ma}?

{你|nǐ} {觉得|juéde} {这|zhè} {部|bù} {电影|diànyǐng} {被|bèi} {低估|dīgū} {了|le} {吗|ma}?

{你|nǐ} {小时候|xiǎoshíhòu} {被|bèi} {老师|lǎoshī} {批评|pīpíng} {过|guò} {吗|ma}?

{你|nǐ} {认为|rènwéi} {这|zhè} {项|xiàng} {政策|zhèngcè} {被|bèi} {正确|zhèngquè} {执行|zhíxíng} {了|le} {吗|ma}?

일기 주제

Describe a bad day where everything went wrong using the passive voice.
Write a formal report about a project that was delayed.
Reflect on a time you were misunderstood by someone.
Discuss a historical event and how it was perceived by the public.

자주 하는 실수

Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답


Incorrect

정답

Test Yourself

'커피가 마셔졌다'는 문장을 완성하세요.

{咖啡|kāfēi} ___ {喝|hē} {了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
커피(대상)가 (알려지지 않은 행위자에 의해) 영향을 받았음을 나타내기 위해 '被'를 사용합니다.
올바르게 부정된 문장을 고르세요. 객관식

'나는 발견되지 않았다'는 문장을 고르세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ} {没|méi} {被|bèi} {发现|fāxiàn}。
부정어 '没'는 '被' 앞에 와야 합니다.
이 문장의 오류를 찾아 수정하세요. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

{我的|wǒde} {伞|sǎn} {被|bèi} {拿|ná}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我的|wǒde} {伞|sǎn} {被|bèi} {拿走|názǒu} {了|le}。
피동문에서는 단순 동사 뒤에 결과 보어(예: '走')와 조사(예: '了')가 오는 것이 일반적입니다.

Score: /3

연습 문제

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct passive marker.

{书|shū} ___ {我|wǒ} {拿走|názǒu} {了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
The receiver is '书', so we use '被'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

{钱包|qiánbāo} {被|bèi} {小偷|xiǎotōu} {偷|tōu}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 钱包 被 小偷 偷走 了
Needs a resultative complement.
Choose the most natural sentence. 객관식

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我 被 老师 表扬 了
Correct structure.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

{被|bèi} / {我|wǒ} / {花|huā} / {打碎|dǎsuì} / {了|le} / {猫|māo} / {的|de}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 花 被 猫 打碎 了
Receiver + 被 + Agent + Verb.
Translate to Chinese. 번역

The meeting was postponed.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 会议 被 推迟 了
Passive structure.
Match the passive sentence with its active counterpart. Match Pairs

Match: {书|shū} {被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {拿走|názǒu} {了|le}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我 把 书 拿走 了
Active counterpart.
Is this sentence natural? 객관식

{他|tā} {被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {很|hěn} {爱|ài}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Unnatural
Don't use passive for positive emotions.
Fill in the missing word.

{这|zhè} {个|gè} {问题|wèntí} {被|bèi} {大家|dàjiā} {讨论|tǎolùn} ___ {很|hěn} {久|jiǔ}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Aspect marker.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
단어를 재배열하여 '내 자전거 도둑맞았어.'를 만드세요. Sentence Reorder

[{了|le}, {被|bèi}, {自行车|zìxíngchē}, {偷|tōu}, {我的|wǒde}]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我的|wǒde} {自行车|zìxíngchē} {被|bèi} {偷|tōu} {了|le}
중국어로 번역하세요: 'The cake was eaten by him.' 번역

The cake was eaten by him.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {蛋糕|dàngāo} {被|bèi} {他|tā} {吃|chī} {了|le}
중국어 피동 구문과 영어 의미를 연결하세요. Match Pairs

Match correctly:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: all
'被' 문장에서 행위자(행위자)를 생략할 수 있나요? 객관식

Which statement is true?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Yes, the agent is optional.
부정어를 채우세요. 빈칸 채우기

{他|tā} ___ {被|bèi} {警察|jǐngchá} {抓|zhuā} {走|zǒu}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
어순을 수정하세요: 'I was called by my mom.' Error Correction

{我|wǒ} {妈妈|māma} {被|bèi} {叫|jiào} {了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ} {被|bèi} {妈妈|māma} {叫|jiào} {了|le}。
재배열하세요: 'The secret was discovered.' Sentence Reorder

[{被|bèi}, {秘密|mìmì}, {发现|fāxiàn}, {了|le}]

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {秘密|mìmì} {被|bèi} {发现|fāxiàn} {了|le}
번역하세요: 'The computer was broken by me.' 번역

The computer was broken by me.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {电脑|diànnǎo} {被|bèi} {我|wǒ} {弄坏|nònghuài} {了|le}
시간 부사는 어디에 위치하나요? 객관식

How do you say 'Yesterday my phone was stolen'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {昨天|zuótiān} {我的|wǒde} {手机|shǒujī} {被|bèi} {偷|tōu} {了|le}。
문장을 완성하세요: 'The window was broken (by the wind).' 빈칸 채우기

{窗户|chuānghu} {被|bèi} ___ {刮|guā} {开|kāi} {了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (8)

No, it's mostly for negative or objective events.

No, you can omit it if it's unknown.

No, they are opposites in focus.

You probably forgot the resultative complement.

Yes, it's very common in formal reports.

No, it can be used for things too.

Use active voice instead.

Add '没' or '没有' before '被'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

Voz pasiva (ser + participio)

Chinese '被' carries a negative nuance, while Spanish 'ser' is neutral.

French partial

Voix passive (être + participe passé)

French passive is used much more frequently than Chinese passive.

German partial

Passiv (werden + Partizip II)

German passive is structurally more flexible.

Japanese high

受身形 (reru/rareru)

Japanese uses verb conjugation; Chinese uses a particle.

Arabic low

المبني للمجهول (Passive voice)

Arabic is morphological; Chinese is syntactic.

Chinese high

被 (bèi)

N/A

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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