B2 · 중상급 챕터 3

The Passive Voice: When Things Happen to You

7 총 규칙
72 예문
7

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of the Chinese passive voice to sound more natural and descriptive.

  • Master the 'bèi' (被) structure for standard passive sentences.
  • Use 'gěi' (给) and 'ràng/jiào' (让/叫) for casual, everyday conversations.
  • Apply 'shòudào' (受到) to express receiving abstract influences and praise.
Stop doing, start being done to.

배울 내용

Ready to level up your Chinese and sound more natural? This chapter is all about understanding the passive voice – how to talk about things that happen *to* people or objects, especially when you don't know who did it, or you want to focus on the event itself. It sounds complicated, but trust me, it's super useful and actually pretty fun in Chinese! We'll dive into 7 key ways to use the passive. First, you'll master 'bèi' (被). This powerful word is often used for slightly unfortunate events – think

My phone was stolen
or
My bag was snatched.
You'll learn how to clearly state what happened to something. Then, we'll get colloquial with 'gěi' (给), a more casual way to express something happening, like
My cake got eaten by my friend.
After that, 'ràng/jiào' (让/叫) will teach you how to say things like
My friend made me do it
or
I was made to wait,
in a relaxed, everyday tone. Finally, you'll discover 'shòudào' (受到), perfect for describing receiving abstract things like praise, attention, or influence –
I received a lot of praise.
Imagine chatting with friends and being able to say,
My photo got liked!
or
I was helped on the street.
Or even
This award was given to me.
By the end of this chapter, you'll confidently navigate these everyday situations. You won't just be learning grammar; you'll be unlocking a whole new way to tell stories and share your experiences in Chinese. Let's make your Chinese even more awesome!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to describe an unfortunate event using the 'bèi' (被) structure correctly.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to differentiate between formal and informal passive markers in speech.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to express receiving abstract concepts like 'welcome' or 'influence' using 'shòudào'.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Welcome to your next step in mastering Chinese grammar! As you progress to the B2 level, understanding the nuances of the passive voice isn't just about correctness; it's about sounding truly natural and expressing yourself with greater sophistication. This chapter,
The Passive Voice: When Things Happen to You,
is designed to unlock a whole new dimension of storytelling in Chinese.
We'll explore how to talk about events where the focus is on the recipient of an action, rather than the doer, which is a critical skill for any B2 Chinese learner.
Many learners find the Chinese passive voice initially challenging because it doesn't always map directly to English structures. However, once you grasp the core patterns, you'll see how incredibly useful and versatile they are. From expressing unfortunate incidents like
My phone was stolen
to receiving abstract concepts like attention or praise, the passive voice allows you to describe a wider range of real-life situations.
Get ready to dive into the powerful particles 被 (bèi), 给 (gěi), 让/叫 (ràng/jiào), and the formal 受到 (shòudào), each with its own special flavor and usage context. Mastering these will significantly enhance your ability to communicate complex ideas and engage in more dynamic conversations.

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the different ways to form the passive voice in Chinese, making your communication clearer and more natural. First up is 被 (bèi), often introduced as "The Passive 'bèi' (被): How Things Happen to You." This is the most common and versatile passive marker, typically used for slightly negative or unfortunate events. The basic structure is: Subject + + (Agent) + Verb + Other elements.
For example: 我的手机被偷了 (Wǒ de shǒujī bèi tōu le) –
My phone was stolen.
Here, the agent (the thief) is often omitted if unknown or unimportant.
Next, we have
The Colloquial Passive (),
which uses 给 (gěi). While can mean to give, in its passive form, it's often more casual and can sometimes replace , especially in spoken Chinese, and usually for negative outcomes. For instance: 我的蛋糕给朋友吃了 (Wǒ de dànggāo gěi péngyǒu chī le) –
My cake was eaten by my friend.
This gives a slightly lighter, less formal tone than .
Then there's
Casual Passive with 让/叫(ràng/jiào),
which employs 让 (ràng) or 叫 (jiào). These are also quite common in colloquial speech and can express being 'made to' do something, or something happening to you, similar to but often implying an external influence or instruction. For example: 我被老板叫去开会了 (Wǒ bèi lǎobǎn jiào qù kāihuì le) –
I was made to go to a meeting by my boss.
Or, 我的计划让大雨耽误了 (Wǒ de jìhuà ràng dàyǔ dànwu le) –
My plan was delayed by the heavy rain.
Finally, for a more formal and specific passive, we use "Chinese Passive Vibe: How to use '受到' (shòudào).
受到 (shòudào) means
to receive or to suffer
and is primarily used with abstract nouns, often for positive or neutral experiences like praise, attention, or influence. For example: 他受到了很多表扬 (Tā shòudào le hěn duō biǎoyáng) –
He received a lot of praise.
Or, 他的观点受到了广泛关注 (Tā de guāndiǎn shòudào le guǎngfàn guānzhù) –
His views received widespread attention." Each of these structures adds a unique flavor to your B2 Chinese communication.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: 我的手机被。 (Wǒ de shǒujī bèi.)
Correct: 我的手机被偷了。 (Wǒ de shǒujī bèi tōu le.)
*Explanation:* The passive marker 被 (bèi) must always be followed by a verb and usually other elements (like 了 le for completion). It cannot stand alone.
  1. 1Wrong: 我被帮助了。 (Wǒ bèi bāngzhù le.)
Correct: 我得到了帮助。 (Wǒ dédào le bāngzhù.) OR 有人帮助了我。 (Yǒurén bāngzhù le wǒ.)
*Explanation:* While 被 (bèi) can be used for positive events, it often carries a subtle nuance of being affected or suffering the action. For purely positive or neutral events, it's often more natural to use the active voice, or phrases like 得到 (dédào) to obtain/receive.
  1. 1Wrong: 我把钱包给小偷偷了。 (Wǒ bǎ qiánbāo gěi xiǎotōu tōu le.)
Correct: 我的钱包被小偷偷了。 (Wǒ de qiánbāo bèi xiǎotōu tōu le.) OR 我的钱包给小偷偷了。 (Wǒ de qiánbāo gěi xiǎotōu tōu le.)
*Explanation:* Don't combine the 把 (bǎ) structure with the passive 给 (gěi) or 被 (bèi) in this way. The structure is active, while and introduce passive sentences.

Real Conversations

A

A

你的自行车怎么了? (Nǐ de zìxíngchē zěnme le?) (What happened to your bicycle?)
B

B

哎,我的自行车被偷了。 (Āi, wǒ de zìxíngchē bèi tōu le.) (Oh, my bicycle was stolen.)
A

A

听说你昨天迟到了? (Tīngshuō nǐ zuótiān chídào le?) (I heard you were late yesterday?)
B

B

是啊,我被堵在路上了,很无奈。 (Shì a, wǒ bèi dǔ zài lùshàng le, hěn wúnài.) (Yeah, I got stuck in traffic, very frustrating.)
A

A

你的论文怎么样了? (Nǐ de lùnwén zěnmeyàng le?) (How's your thesis going?)
B

B

导师的意见很多,我的论文受到了很大的修改。 (Dǎoshī de yìjiàn hěn duō, wǒ de lùnwén shòudào le hěn dà de xiūgǎi.) (The supervisor had many comments, my thesis underwent significant revision.)

Quick FAQ

Q

Can 被 (bèi) be used for positive events in Chinese grammar?

While 被 (bèi) is most commonly associated with unfortunate events, it can occasionally be used for positive or neutral ones, especially when emphasizing the recipient's experience or the unexpected nature of the event. However, it's often more natural to use the active voice or specific verbs like 得到 (dédào) for purely positive outcomes.

Q

What's the main difference between 被 (bèi) and 让 (ràng) in the passive voice?

Both 被 (bèi) and 让 (ràng) can indicate a passive action. 被 (bèi) is more formal and universally applicable, often implying a negative or undesirable outcome. 让 (ràng) is more colloquial, often used for being made to do something or something happening due to an external force, and can sometimes feel less formal than .

Q

Is there a true passive voice in Chinese, similar to English's be + past participle?

Chinese doesn't have a direct equivalent of be + past participle as a universal passive marker. Instead, it uses various particles like 被 (bèi), 给 (gěi), 让 (ràng), 叫 (jiào), and constructions like 受到 (shòudào), each with specific nuances and contexts, to convey passive meaning.

Q

When should I use 受到 (shòudào) instead of 被 (bèi) for passive constructions?

Use 受到 (shòudào) when the subject receives or experiences an abstract noun, such as praise (表扬), attention (关注), influence (影响), education (教育), or criticism (批评). It's more formal and focuses on the reception of an abstract concept, whereas 被 (bèi) is used for direct actions.

Cultural Context

In Chinese, the active voice is generally preferred, making passive constructions less frequent than in English. However, when used, the passive voice, particularly with 被 (bèi), often highlights the outcome or the affected party, especially if the agent is unknown, unimportant, or deliberately omitted. Using 给 (gěi), 让 (ràng), or 叫 (jiào) adds a layer of colloquialism, making your speech sound more authentic and less bookish, reflecting everyday conversations.
受到 (shòudào), on the other hand, elevates the tone for more formal or academic discourse when discussing receiving abstract concepts.

주요 예문 (4)

1

我的手机被偷了。

내 핸드폰을 도둑맞았어요.

수동태 'bèi' (被): 나에게 일어난 일들
2

那个视频被删掉了。

그 영상이 삭제되었어요.

수동태 'bèi' (被): 나에게 일어난 일들
3

{我的蛋糕让弟弟吃了。|Wǒ de dàngāo ràng dìdi chī le.}

내 케이크를 남동생이 먹어버렸어.

{让/叫|ràng/jiào}를 사용한 구어체 수동태
4

{你的手机叫谁拿走了?|Nǐ de shǒujī jiào shéi ná zǒu le?}

네 핸드폰 누가 가져갔어?

{让/叫|ràng/jiào}를 사용한 구어체 수동태

팁과 요령 (4)

⚠️

단독으로 쓰지 마세요!

'被' 뒤에는 동사만 띡! 하고 끝나면 안 돼요. 꼭 '了', 결과 보어, 혹은 방향 보어('走', '掉' 등)를 붙여줘야 자연스러워요. «我被打。» (X) → «我被打跑了。» (O)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 중국어 피동문: ~함을 당하다 (被)
💬

진정한 '피해자'를 위한 표현

원래 이 문법은 불행한 일을 말할 때 주로 썼어요. 요즘은 감동받았을 때처럼 긍정적인 상황에도 쓰지만, 어르신들께는 조금 어색하게 들릴 수 있답니다: «其实,我被感动了。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 피동문 被 (Bèi): '피해자'가 되는 문장
⚠️

동사만 쓰면 미완성!

동사 뒤에 아무것도 안 쓰면 문장이 덜 끝난 느낌을 줘요. 了나 完, 掉 같은 결과 보어를 꼭 붙여주세요: «书被看完了。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태 'bèi' (被): 나에게 일어난 일들
💡

피해자부터 챙기기

문장을 만들 때 행동을 당한 '피해자'를 가장 먼저 떠올려 보세요. 어순을 잡기가 훨씬 쉬워질 거예요. «我的手机让他弄坏了。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: `被`(bèi) 수동태: 불행한 사건에 대해 말하기

핵심 어휘 (7)

to steal to lose / to throw away 表扬 to praise / to commend to cheat / to trick to hit / to collide 批评 to criticize 欢迎 to welcome

Real-World Preview

alert-triangle

Reporting a Theft

users

Gossiping with Friends

Review Summary

  • Subj. + 被 (bèi) + Doer + Verb + Result
  • Subj. + 被 + Doer + 给 (gěi) + Verb
  • Subj. + 让/叫 (ràng/jiào) + Doer + Verb
  • Subj. + 受到 (shòudào) + Abstract Noun

자주 하는 실수

Negation words like 'méi' or 'bù' must come BEFORE 'bèi', not after it.

Wrong: 我被没偷钱包 (wǒ bèi méi tōu qián bāo)
정답: 我没被偷钱包 (wǒ méi bèi tōu qián bāo)

When using 'ràng' or 'jiào', you MUST include the person who did the action. If you don't know who it is, use 'rén' (person).

Wrong: 我的手机让拿走了 (wǒ de shǒu jī ràng ná zǒu le)
정답: 我的手机让人拿走了 (wǒ de shǒu jī ràng rén ná zǒu le)

'Shòudào' is for abstract things (praise, influence). For physical gifts, use 'shōudào' (收到 - same sound, different character/meaning).

Wrong: 我受到一个礼物 (wǒ shòu dào yí gè lǐ wù)
정답: 我收到了一个礼物 (wǒ shōu dào le yí gè lǐ wù)

이 챕터의 규칙 (7)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a major part of sounding like a fluent Chinese speaker. Keep practicing these passive structures, and soon they will feel like second nature!

Journaling

Roleplay a 'lost and found' scenario

빠른 연습 (10)

물리적인 '받음'을 나타내는 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

'이메일을 받았다'를 중국어로 하면?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我收到一封电子邮件。
이메일은 디지털이지만 하나의 '물건'으로 취급하므로 {收到|shōudào}를 씁니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 감정의 수동태: '受到' (shòudào) 사용법

비판을 받았다는 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾으세요.

{他被老师의 批评。|Tā bèi lǎoshī de pīpíng.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他受到老师의 批评。
추상적인 명사가 뒤에 올 때는 보다 受到가 훨씬 자연스럽습니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 감정의 수동태: '受到' (shòudào) 사용법

'커피가 마셔졌다'는 문장을 완성하세요.

{咖啡|kāfēi} ___ {喝|hē} {了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
커피(대상)가 (알려지지 않은 행위자에 의해) 영향을 받았음을 나타내기 위해 '被'를 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 중국어 피동문: ~함을 당하다 (被)

어떤 문장이 올바르게 구성되었나요?

가장 자연스러운 피동문을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 自行车被偷了。
피동문은 동작의 결과를 나타내는 了나 보어가 필요해요. '自行车被偷'는 문장이 덜 끝난 느낌을 줍니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태 'bèi' (被): 나에게 일어난 일들

올바르게 부정된 문장을 고르세요.

'나는 발견되지 않았다'는 문장을 고르세요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我|wǒ} {没|méi} {被|bèi} {发现|fāxiàn}。
부정어 '没'는 '被' 앞에 와야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 중국어 피동문: ~함을 당하다 (被)

추상적인 '받음'을 나타내는 올바른 단어를 빈칸에 채우세요.

{他在公司___重视。|Tā zài gōngsī ___ zhòngshì.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 受到
重视(중시/인정)는 추상적인 명사이므로 受到를 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 감정의 수동태: '受到' (shòudào) 사용법

이 문장의 오류를 찾아 수정하세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

{我的|wǒde} {伞|sǎn} {被|bèi} {拿|ná}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我的|wǒde} {伞|sǎn} {被|bèi} {拿走|názǒu} {了|le}。
피동문에서는 단순 동사 뒤에 결과 보어(예: '走')와 조사(예: '了')가 오는 것이 일반적입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 중국어 피동문: ~함을 당하다 (被)

원어민이 불평할 때 가장 자연스럽게 들릴 문장은 무엇일까요?

가장 자연스러운 구어체 옵션을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {手机|shǒujī} {让|ràng} {他|tā} {给|gěi} {弄坏|nònghuài} {了|le}。
'让'과 '给'를 함께 사용하는 것은 일상생활에서 피동적인 사건을 말할 때 매우 흔한 구어체 구조입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 구어체 수동태 (给)

문장을 피동문으로 만들기 위해 빈칸을 채워보세요.

我的蛋糕 ___ 他吃了。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
케이크가 먹힘을 당한 대상이고 '그'가 행위자이므로 피동 마커인 被(bèi)가 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 수동태 'bèi' (被): 나에게 일어난 일들

이 구어체 문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

{我的|wǒ de} {钱包|qiánbāo} {被|bèi} {给|gěi} {小偷|xiǎotōu} {拿|ná} {走|zǒu} {了|le}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {我的|wǒ de} {钱包|qiánbāo} {被|bèi} {小偷|xiǎotōu} {给|gěi} {拿|ná} {走|zǒu} {le}。
'给'는 반드시 행위자(도둑) 뒤, 그리고 동사(가져가다) 앞에 와야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 구어체 수동태 (给)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

일상 대화의 90%는 그래요. 보통 불운이나 원치 않는 일을 나타내죠. 하지만 공식적인 상황에서는 중립적으로 쓰일 수도 있어요.
문법적으로 가능은 하지만, 좀 어색하게 들릴 수 있어요. 차라리 '他帮了我'(그가 나를 도왔어)라고 하는 게 더 자연스러워요. '被'는 피해자 느낌이 강하거든요.
사용은 가능하지만 일상에서는 드물어요. «{他被选为班长|tā bèi xuǎn wéi bānzhǎng}»처럼 공식적인 자리나 내 의지와 상관없이 일어난 일에 쓰여요.
아니요, 중국어는 능동태를 훨씬 선호해요. 꼭 대상을 강조하거나 피해 상황을 말하고 싶을 때만 «{被|bèi}»를 사용하는 게 자연스러워요.
꼭 그렇지는 않아요. 문맥상 의미가 통하면 '책을 다 읽었다'처럼 피동의 의미를 담은 '의미상 피동'을 쓰기도 하거든요. 하지만 '당한 사람'을 강조하거나 안 좋은 일일 때는 «书被看完了»처럼 被를 쓰는 게 훨씬 자연스러워요.
네, «他被老师表扬了»처럼 쓸 수 있지만 조금 격식 있게 들려요. 일상 대화에서는 그냥 «老师表扬 그를 했어»라고 능동형으로 말하는 경우가 더 많답니다.