The Passive Voice: When Things Happen to You
Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of the Chinese passive voice to sound more natural and descriptive.
- Master the 'bèi' (被) structure for standard passive sentences.
- Use 'gěi' (给) and 'ràng/jiào' (让/叫) for casual, everyday conversations.
- Apply 'shòudào' (受到) to express receiving abstract influences and praise.
Was du lernen wirst
Ready to level up your Chinese and sound more natural? This chapter is all about understanding the passive voice – how to talk about things that happen *to* people or objects, especially when you don't know who did it, or you want to focus on the event itself. It sounds complicated, but trust me, it's super useful and actually pretty fun in Chinese! We'll dive into 7 key ways to use the passive. First, you'll master 'bèi' (被). This powerful word is often used for slightly unfortunate events – think
My phone was stolenor
My bag was snatched.You'll learn how to clearly state what happened to something. Then, we'll get colloquial with 'gěi' (给), a more casual way to express something happening, like
My cake got eaten by my friend.After that, 'ràng/jiào' (让/叫) will teach you how to say things like
My friend made me do itor
I was made to wait,in a relaxed, everyday tone. Finally, you'll discover 'shòudào' (受到), perfect for describing receiving abstract things like praise, attention, or influence –
I received a lot of praise.Imagine chatting with friends and being able to say,
My photo got liked!or
I was helped on the street.Or even
This award was given to me.By the end of this chapter, you'll confidently navigate these everyday situations. You won't just be learning grammar; you'll be unlocking a whole new way to tell stories and share your experiences in Chinese. Let's make your Chinese even more awesome!
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Chinesisches Passiv: Etwas wurde getan (被)Nutze
被(bèi), um zu beschreiben, was jemandem widerfahren ist – meistens beiPechoderunangenehmen Überraschungen. -
Passiv mit 被 (Bèi): Der 'Opfer'-SatzNutze «被|bèi», um den Fokus darauf zu legen, was mit einem Objekt passiert ist, besonders bei
blöden Ereignissen. -
Das Passiv mit 'bèi' (被): Wenn dir etwas passiertDie 被 (bèi)-Konstruktion ist dein Werkzeug für das Passiv, um den Fokus auf das
Opferoder eine Veränderung zu legen – meistens beiblödenEreignissen. Merk dir die Keywords:Passiv,Unglück,Ergebnis. -
Das `被` (bèi)-Passiv: Über unglückliche Ereignisse sprechenDie
被(bèi) Struktur ist dein Werkzeug fürPechvögelund alles, wasschiefgegangenist. -
Das umgangssprachliche Passiv (给)Nutze 给 direkt vor dem Verb in Passivsätzen, um mehr Emphase zu erzeugen und wie ein Muttersprachler zu klingen. Deine Tools: «给»,
Passiv,Umgangssprache. -
Passiv für Gefühle: '受到' (shòudào) richtig verwendenNutze «受到», um zu beschreiben, dass du abstrakte Dinge wie «关注» (Aufmerksamkeit), «表扬» (Lob) oder «影响» (Einfluss) auf eine natürliche Art erhältst.
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Umgangssprachliches Passiv mit {让/叫|ràng/jiào}Nutze «让» oder «叫» zusammen mit einem Täter, um lässige Passivsätze zu bilden – denk an Sätze wie
Mein Kuchen wurde von ihm gegessen.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to describe an unfortunate event using the 'bèi' (被) structure correctly.
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2
By the end you will be able to differentiate between formal and informal passive markers in speech.
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3
By the end you will be able to express receiving abstract concepts like 'welcome' or 'influence' using 'shòudào'.
Kapitel-Leitfaden
Overview
The Passive Voice: When Things Happen to You,is designed to unlock a whole new dimension of storytelling in Chinese.
My phone was stolento receiving abstract concepts like
attention or praise, the passive voice allows you to describe a wider range of real-life situations.flavor and usage context. Mastering these will significantly enhance your ability to communicate complex ideas and engage in more dynamic conversations.How This Grammar Works
My phone was stolen.Here, the agent (the thief) is often omitted if unknown or unimportant.
The Colloquial Passive (给),which uses 给 (gěi). While 给 can mean
to give, in its passive form, it's often more casual and can sometimes replace 被, especially in spoken Chinese, and usually for negative outcomes. For instance: 我的蛋糕给朋友吃了 (Wǒ de dànggāo gěi péngyǒu chī le) – My cake was eaten by my friend.This gives a slightly lighter, less formal tone than 被.
Casual Passive with 让/叫,which employs 让 (ràng) or 叫 (jiào). These are also quite common in colloquial speech and can express being 'made to' do something, or something happening to you, similar to 被 but often implying an external influence or instruction. For example: 我被老板叫去开会了 (Wǒ bèi lǎobǎn jiào qù kāihuì le) –
I was made to go to a meeting by my boss.Or, 我的计划让大雨耽误了 (Wǒ de jìhuà ràng dàyǔ dànwu le) –
My plan was delayed by the heavy rain.
受到 (shòudào) meansto receive
or to sufferand is primarily used with abstract nouns, often for positive or neutral experiences like praise, attention, or influence. For example: 他受到了很多表扬 (Tā shòudào le hěn duō biǎoyáng) –He received a lot of praise.
Or, 他的观点受到了广泛关注 (Tā de guāndiǎn shòudào le guǎngfàn guānzhù) –His views received widespread attention." Each of these structures adds a unique flavor to your B2 Chinese communication.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: 我的手机被。 (Wǒ de shǒujī bèi.)
le for completion). It cannot stand alone.- 1✗ Wrong: 我被帮助了。 (Wǒ bèi bāngzhù le.)
affected or suffering the action. For purely positive or neutral events, it's often more natural to use the active voice, or phrases like 得到 (dédào) to obtain/receive.- 1✗ Wrong: 我把钱包给小偷偷了。 (Wǒ bǎ qiánbāo gěi xiǎotōu tōu le.)
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
Can 被 (bèi) be used for positive events in Chinese grammar?
While 被 (bèi) is most commonly associated with unfortunate events, it can occasionally be used for positive or neutral ones, especially when emphasizing the recipient's experience or the unexpected nature of the event. However, it's often more natural to use the active voice or specific verbs like 得到 (dédào) for purely positive outcomes.
What's the main difference between 被 (bèi) and 让 (ràng) in the passive voice?
Both 被 (bèi) and 让 (ràng) can indicate a passive action. 被 (bèi) is more formal and universally applicable, often implying a negative or undesirable outcome. 让 (ràng) is more colloquial, often used for being made to do something or something happening due to an external force, and can sometimes feel less formal than 被.
Is there a true passive voice in Chinese, similar to English's be + past participle?
Chinese doesn't have a direct equivalent of be + past participle as a universal passive marker. Instead, it uses various particles like 被 (bèi), 给 (gěi), 让 (ràng), 叫 (jiào), and constructions like 受到 (shòudào), each with specific nuances and contexts, to convey passive meaning.
When should I use 受到 (shòudào) instead of 被 (bèi) for passive constructions?
Use 受到 (shòudào) when the subject receives or experiences an abstract noun, such as praise (表扬), attention (关注), influence (影响), education (教育), or criticism (批评). It's more formal and focuses on the reception of an abstract concept, whereas 被 (bèi) is used for direct actions.
Cultural Context
Wichtige Beispiele (4)
{我的蛋糕让弟弟吃了。|Wǒ de dàngāo ràng dìdi chī le.}
Mein Kuchen wurde von meinem kleinen Bruder gegessen.
Umgangssprachliches Passiv mit {让/叫|ràng/jiào}{你的手机叫谁拿走了?|Nǐ de shǒujī jiào shéi ná zǒu le?}
Von wem wurde dein Handy mitgenommen?
Umgangssprachliches Passiv mit {让/叫|ràng/jiào}Tipps & Tricks (4)
Lass das Verb nicht nackt!
{了|le}. Sag niemals nur {我|wǒ} {被|bèi} {打|dǎ}, sondern füge etwas hinzu: «我被他打了。»Die Opfer-Perspektive
Das nackte Verb
Denk 'Opfer zuerst'
被-Satz baust, fang immer mit dem 'Opfer' der Handlung an. Das hilft dir, die Satzstellung sofort richtig zu checken: «我的手机被弄坏了。»Wichtige Vokabeln (7)
Real-World Preview
Reporting a Theft
Gossiping with Friends
Review Summary
- Subj. + 被 (bèi) + Doer + Verb + Result
- Subj. + 被 + Doer + 给 (gěi) + Verb
- Subj. + 让/叫 (ràng/jiào) + Doer + Verb
- Subj. + 受到 (shòudào) + Abstract Noun
Häufige Fehler
Negation words like 'méi' or 'bù' must come BEFORE 'bèi', not after it.
When using 'ràng' or 'jiào', you MUST include the person who did the action. If you don't know who it is, use 'rén' (person).
'Shòudào' is for abstract things (praise, influence). For physical gifts, use 'shōudào' (收到 - same sound, different character/meaning).
Regeln in diesem Kapitel (7)
Next Steps
You've just unlocked a major part of sounding like a fluent Chinese speaker. Keep practicing these passive structures, and soon they will feel like second nature!
Journaling
Roleplay a 'lost and found' scenario
Schnelle Übung (6)
我的自行车 ___ 偷了。
被 (bèi).frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Das `被` (bèi)-Passiv: Über unglückliche Ereignisse sprechen
Wähle den richtigen Satz:
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Das `被` (bèi)-Passiv: Über unglückliche Ereignisse sprechen
{我的苹果 ___ 弟弟吃了。|Wǒ de píngguǒ ___ dìdi chī le.} (Mein Apfel wurde von meinem Bruder gegessen.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Umgangssprachliches Passiv mit {让/叫|ràng/jiào}
Find and fix the mistake:
{我的电脑让弄坏了。|Wǒ de diànnǎo ràng nòng huài le.} (Mein Computer wurde kaputt gemacht.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Umgangssprachliches Passiv mit {让/叫|ràng/jiào}
Welcher Satz sagt richtig: "Der Tee wurde von ihm getrunken"?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Umgangssprachliches Passiv mit {让/叫|ràng/jiào}
我被老师表扬了。
被 zu nutzen, klingt sehr holprig. Das Aktiv ist viel natürlicher: 'Der Lehrer hat mich gelobt.'frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Das `被` (bèi)-Passiv: Über unglückliche Ereignisse sprechen
Score: /6
Häufige Fragen (6)
Das Buch ist gelesen. Aber 'bèi' betont den Empfänger oder ein negatives Ereignis: «书被看完了。»