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C1 adjective 5분 분량

трансграничный

예시 노트와 팁 трансграничный 30초 만에
설명 трансграничный in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'трансграничный.' It is much too complex. Instead, you would use simple words like 'другая страна' (another country) or 'граница' (border). If you want to say something is cross-border, you might say 'через границу' (across the border). For example, 'Я еду через границу' (I am going across the border). This word is for very advanced students, so focus on the word 'граница' first.
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At the A2 level, you might see 'трансграничный' in a news headline, but you aren't expected to use it. You should understand that it comes from 'граница' (border). You likely know words like 'иностранный' (foreign). 'Трансграничный' is a more technical version of 'crossing borders.' If you see it, just think: 'something happening between two countries that share a line.' It is common in talk about rivers or trains that go from one country to the next.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the B1 level, you are starting to read more complex texts. You might encounter 'трансграничный' when reading about the economy or the environment. You should recognize the prefix 'транс-' which means 'across.' You can start to use it in very specific contexts, like 'трансграничная торговля' (cross-border trade) if you work in business. However, you can usually replace it with 'международный' (international) to be safe, though 'трансграничный' is more precise for physical things.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the B2 level, you should be able to understand 'трансграничный' in various contexts: ecology, law, and business. You should know that it's a formal word. You might use it in an essay about global problems. For example, 'Экологические проблемы часто бывают трансграничными' (Environmental problems are often cross-border). You should be careful not to confuse it with 'заграничный' (abroad/foreign). You are expected to recognize it in listening exercises from news reports.
무료 가입하고 전체 설명 읽기
At the C1 level, this is a 'must-know' word. You should use it naturally in professional and academic discussions. You understand the nuance: it’s not just 'international,' it’s specifically about the 'trans-border' nature of an issue. You can use it to talk about 'трансграничное сотрудничество' (cross-border cooperation) or 'трансграничные переводы' (cross-border money transfers). You should be comfortable declining it in all cases and using it to add precision to your speech and writing.
At the C2 level, you use 'трансграничный' with total precision. You are aware of its legal implications in international treaties. You can discuss 'трансграничная юрисдикция' (cross-border jurisdiction) or 'трансграничный углеродный налог' (cross-border carbon tax). You can explain the difference between 'трансграничный' and 'транснациональный' to others. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker who works in a specialized field like law, logistics, or environmental science.
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예시 노트와 팁

трансграничный 30초 만에

  • A formal C1-level adjective meaning 'cross-border' or 'transboundary.'
  • Formed from 'транс-' (across) and 'граница' (border).
  • Used in business, ecology, law, and logistics contexts.
  • Distinguishable from 'international' by its focus on the physical crossing of a line.

The word трансграничный is a high-level Russian adjective that translates to 'cross-border' or 'transboundary.' It is formed by the Latin-derived prefix транс- (across/through) and the Russian root -границ- (border/boundary). In contemporary Russian, this term is indispensable for discussing globalization, ecology, and international law. Unlike the more common word международный (international), which describes relations between nations, трансграничный specifically highlights the physical or conceptual act of crossing a geographical line. It implies movement, extension, or impact that does not stop at a national frontier.

Environmental Context
Used to describe pollution or natural resources like rivers that span multiple countries. For example, a river flowing from Russia to Kazakhstan is a трансграничная река.
Economic Context
Refers to trade, e-commerce, or financial transactions that occur between entities in different jurisdictions. Трансграничная торговля (cross-border trade) is a massive sector of the modern economy.
Legal and Political Context
Used in treaties and regulations regarding migration, security, and infrastructure. It often appears in formal documents like трансграничное сотрудничество (cross-border cooperation).

Загрязнение воздуха — это серьёзная трансграничная проблема, требующая совместных усилий. (Air pollution is a serious cross-border problem requiring joint efforts.)

You will encounter this word most frequently in formal news broadcasts (like RBC or Vedomosti), academic journals, and legal frameworks. It carries a professional, somewhat clinical tone, making it perfect for C1-level discourse where precision is valued over colloquialism. It is less likely to be heard in a casual conversation about a vacation, where one would simply say за границей (abroad), but it is essential for discussing the mechanics of how the modern world operates across lines on a map.

Современные технологии значительно упростили трансграничные платежи. (Modern technologies have significantly simplified cross-border payments.)

Using трансграничный correctly requires understanding its adjectival nature and its specific semantic niche. It is almost always used in a technical or formal sense. In Russian grammar, it follows the standard first-declension pattern for hard-stem adjectives. Let's look at how it interacts with different categories of nouns.

With Economic Nouns
It often modifies words like рынок (market), торговля (trade), or перевод (transfer).
Example: Трансграничный рынок электроэнергии (Cross-border electricity market).
With Environmental Nouns
It is used for physical phenomena.
Example: Трансграничный перенос загрязняющих веществ (Transboundary transport of pollutants).

Мы обсуждали трансграничное сотрудничество в области безопасности. (We discussed cross-border cooperation in the field of security.)

One of the most important aspects of using this word is distinguishing it from its synonyms. While международный implies a broader 'inter-national' scope, трансграничный emphasizes the physical crossing of the line. If you are talking about a bridge that connects two countries, it is a трансграничный мост. If you are talking about a treaty signed by those two countries, it is a международный договор.

Новые правила регулируют трансграничное перемещение отходов. (New rules regulate the transboundary movement of waste.)

In the real world, you won't hear a Russian grandmother use трансграничный while buying milk. However, if you turn on the news or read a business report, it is everywhere. It is a 'prestige' word that signals expertise in logistics, law, or environmental science.

The News (Business/Politics)
Journalists use it to describe the complexity of the global supply chain. You'll hear phrases like трансграничные цепочки поставок (cross-border supply chains).
E-commerce and Fintech
With the rise of platforms like AliExpress or Wildberries, the term трансграничная торговля has entered the lexicon of digital entrepreneurs and tech-savvy consumers.

Евросоюз уделяет большое внимание трансграничным связям. (The European Union pays great attention to cross-border ties.)

In academic settings, particularly in Geography or International Relations departments, this word is used to theorize about the 'porosity' of borders. Scholars talk about трансграничные регионы (transboundary regions) where two cultures and economies bleed into each other, creating a unique hybrid zone. If you are preparing for a TRKI-3 (C1) or TRKI-4 (C2) exam, being able to use this word in the speaking or writing section will earn you significant points for 'lexical richness.'

Even for advanced learners, трансграничный can be tricky because of its proximity to other 'border-related' words. Avoiding these mistakes is key to sounding like a professional speaker.

Confusion with 'Заграничный'
Mistake: 'Я купил трансграничный паспорт.'
Correction: 'Я купил заграничный паспорт.'
Заграничный means 'foreign' or 'from abroad.' Трансграничный means 'crossing the border.'
Overuse in Casual Speech
Mistake: 'У нас была трансграничная прогулка в лесу.'
Correction: 'Мы перешли границу во время прогулки.'
Using трансграничный for simple personal actions sounds overly bureaucratic and unnatural.
Spelling the Prefix
Learners sometimes forget the 'с' in 'транс-' or try to hyphenate it. In Russian, it is written as one word without a hyphen: трансграничный.

Не путайте трансграничный (процесс) и международный (статус). (Don't confuse 'transboundary' (a process) and 'international' (a status).)

Lastly, pay attention to the stress. It falls on the third syllable: трансгранИчный. Misplacing the stress can make the word hard to recognize for native speakers, as it is a long, multi-syllabic word where the rhythm is important.

To truly master C1 Russian, you need to know the 'synonym cluster' surrounding трансграничный. Each word has a slightly different flavor.

Международный (International)
The most general term. Use this for relations between states, like 'международное право' (international law).
Межгосударственный (Interstate)
More formal and specific than 'международный'. It refers specifically to the governments of states interacting.
Транснациональный (Transnational)
Often used in business context for corporations (ТНК - транснациональные корпорации). It implies operating across many nations simultaneously, whereas трансграничный often focuses on the specific crossing point or shared border.

Вместо слова трансграничный в некоторых контекстах можно использовать 'пограничный'. (Instead of 'transboundary,' in some contexts, you can use 'border' [adjective].)

Choosing the right word depends on whether you want to emphasize the *border* itself (трансграничный), the *nations* involved (международный), or the *governments* (межгосударственный). Mastering these distinctions is what separates an intermediate learner from a truly advanced speaker.

How Formal Is It?

격식체

""

중립

""

비격식체

""

Child friendly

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속어

""

재미있는 사실

The prefix 'транс-' became very popular in Russian during the late 20th century as global trade and international law expanded.

발음 가이드

UK /trɐnzɡrɐˈnʲit͡ɕnɨj/
US /trænzɡrəˈnitʃni/
трансгранИчный (3rd syllable)
라임이 맞는 단어
безграничный (limitless) отличный (excellent) личный (personal) приличный (decent) граничный (boundary) кирпичный (brick) первичный (primary) публичный (public)
자주 하는 실수
  • Pronouncing it as 'транс-граничный' with a pause (it should be fluid).
  • Misplacing stress on the second syllable (трансгрАничный).
  • Confusing the 'ы' sound with 'и' at the end.
  • Forgetting to soften the 'н' before 'и'.
  • Pronouncing 'т' too strongly like an English 't' with aspiration.

난이도

독해 4/5

Easy to recognize if you know 'граница' and 'транс'.

쓰기 7/5

Requires correct declension and formal context.

말하기 8/5

Long word, requires good stress and rhythm.

듣기 6/5

Common in news; easy to spot.

다음에 무엇을 배울까

선수 학습

граница страна между через переход

다음에 배울 것

суверенитет юрисдикция интеграция глобализация логистика

고급

экстерриториальность демаркация делимитация анклав эксклав

알아야 할 문법

Adjective endings in -ый

трансграничный (masculine), трансграничная (feminine)

Prefix 'транс-' spelling

Always written together: трансграничный.

Agreement in case

о трансграничном (prepositional masculine/neuter)

Plural formation

трансграничные (nominative plural)

Stress on 'и'

трансгранИчный

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수준별 예문

1

Это граница.

This is a border.

Noun in nominative case.

2

Я еду через границу.

I am going across the border.

Preposition 'через' + accusative case.

3

Где граница?

Where is the border?

Question with 'где'.

4

Это другая страна.

This is another country.

Adjective 'другая' agrees with 'страна'.

5

Тут есть река.

There is a river here.

Simple existential sentence.

6

Река большая.

The river is big.

Adjective in nominative.

7

Мы живём здесь.

We live here.

Present tense verb.

8

Это мой паспорт.

This is my passport.

Possessive pronoun.

1

Это трансграничная река.

This is a transboundary river.

Adjective agrees with feminine 'река'.

2

Поезд едет через границу.

The train is going across the border.

Verb of motion 'едет'.

3

У нас есть заграничный паспорт.

We have an international passport.

Genitive of possession 'у нас есть'.

4

Это международный проект.

This is an international project.

Adjective 'международный'.

5

Они работают за границей.

They work abroad.

Fixed expression 'за границей'.

6

Мы изучаем трансграничные проблемы.

We are studying cross-border problems.

Accusative plural.

7

Эта дорога трансграничная.

This road is cross-border.

Short form style usage (though full form used here).

8

Там много трансграничных лесов.

There are many transboundary forests there.

Genitive plural after 'много'.

1

Трансграничная торговля растёт каждый год.

Cross-border trade is growing every year.

Subject-verb agreement.

2

Нужно улучшить трансграничное сотрудничество.

It is necessary to improve cross-border cooperation.

Infinitive construction with 'нужно'.

3

Экология — это трансграничный вопрос.

Ecology is a transboundary issue.

Noun as a predicate.

4

Мы используем трансграничные переводы.

We use cross-border transfers.

Accusative case.

5

Этот мост считается трансграничным.

This bridge is considered cross-border.

Instrumental case after 'считается'.

6

Трансграничные связи очень важны.

Cross-border ties are very important.

Plural adjective.

7

Они обсуждали трансграничный кризис.

They discussed the cross-border crisis.

Past tense verb.

8

В регионе много трансграничных дорог.

There are many cross-border roads in the region.

Genitive plural.

1

Трансграничное загрязнение воздуха не знает границ.

Transboundary air pollution knows no borders.

Neuter singular agreement.

2

Банк упростил трансграничные платежи для клиентов.

The bank simplified cross-border payments for clients.

Perfective verb 'упростил'.

3

Трансграничный регион активно развивается.

The transboundary region is actively developing.

Reflexive verb 'развивается'.

4

Это соглашение о трансграничном сотрудничестве.

This is an agreement on cross-border cooperation.

Prepositional case after 'о'.

5

Инвесторы ценят трансграничную стабильность.

Investors value cross-border stability.

Feminine accusative.

6

Трансграничные потоки капитала увеличились.

Cross-border capital flows have increased.

Plural subject and verb.

7

Мы столкнулись с трансграничной проблемой.

We faced a cross-border problem.

Instrumental case after 'с'.

8

Трансграничный транспортный коридор открыт.

The cross-border transport corridor is open.

Compound noun phrase.

1

Трансграничный углеродный налог станет реальностью.

The cross-border carbon tax will become a reality.

Future tense with 'станет'.

2

Необходимо минимизировать трансграничные риски.

It is necessary to minimize cross-border risks.

Modal word 'необходимо'.

3

Трансграничный характер преступности пугает.

The transboundary nature of crime is frightening.

Genitive construction.

4

Это требует трансграничного подхода.

This requires a transboundary approach.

Genitive case after 'требует'.

5

Трансграничная электронная торговля доминирует.

Cross-border e-commerce dominates.

Present tense verb.

6

Мы анализируем трансграничные цепочки создания стоимости.

We are analyzing cross-border value chains.

Professional terminology.

7

Развитие трансграничной инфраструктуры — приоритет.

The development of cross-border infrastructure is a priority.

Dash used for 'is'.

8

Трансграничное вещание охватывает весь регион.

Cross-border broadcasting covers the entire region.

Neuter singular.

1

Трансграничная конвергенция рынков неизбежна.

Cross-border market convergence is inevitable.

High-level vocabulary.

2

Это классический пример трансграничного экстерналии.

This is a classic example of a transboundary externality.

Economic jargon.

3

Трансграничное перемещение персональных данных регулируется.

The cross-border transfer of personal data is regulated.

Passive construction.

4

Мы обсуждаем трансграничную правосубъектность.

We are discussing cross-border legal personality.

Legal terminology.

5

Трансграничные последствия аварии были катастрофичны.

The transboundary consequences of the accident were catastrophic.

Plural past tense.

6

Трансграничный арбитраж — сложный процесс.

Cross-border arbitration is a complex process.

Professional noun phrase.

7

Эффективность трансграничного углеродного регулирования спорна.

The effectiveness of cross-border carbon regulation is debatable.

Short form adjective 'спорна'.

8

Трансграничная миграция требует новых парадигм.

Cross-border migration requires new paradigms.

Abstract noun usage.

자주 쓰는 조합

трансграничная торговля
трансграничный перевод
трансграничное сотрудничество
трансграничное загрязнение
трансграничная река
трансграничный мост
трансграничные потоки
трансграничный рынок
трансграничный ущерб
трансграничная инфраструктура

자주 쓰는 구문

в трансграничном контексте

— Looking at things from a cross-border perspective.

Мы рассматриваем этот вопрос в трансграничном контексте.

трансграничный характер

— The cross-border nature of something.

Проблема носит трансграничный характер.

трансграничное перемещение

— Movement across the border (goods or people).

Трансграничное перемещение грузов ограничено.

трансграничные операции

— Business or financial operations across borders.

Банк проводит трансграничные операции.

трансграничная преступность

— Crime that happens across national lines.

Борьба с трансграничной преступностью продолжается.

трансграничные воды

— Water bodies shared by countries.

Использование трансграничных вод регулируется правом.

трансграничный проект

— A project involving multiple countries.

Это наш первый трансграничный проект.

трансграничные инвестиции

— Money invested across borders.

Трансграничные инвестиции помогают экономике.

трансграничная зона

— A zone on or across a border.

Это особая трансграничная зона.

трансграничный налог

— A tax applied to cross-border activities.

Введён новый трансграничный налог.

자주 혼동되는 단어

трансграничный vs заграничный

Means 'foreign' or 'abroad,' whereas 'трансграничный' means 'crossing the border.'

трансграничный vs международный

A general term for 'international,' while 'трансграничный' is more specific about the border crossing.

трансграничный vs пограничный

Means 'on the border' or 'related to the border zone,' not necessarily crossing it.

관용어 및 표현

"Трансграничный эффект"

— When something in one country causes a reaction in another.

Кризис имел трансграничный эффект.

Academic
"Стирание трансграничных барьеров"

— Making it easier to cross borders/trade.

Мы стремимся к стиранию трансграничных барьеров.

Formal
"Трансграничный вызов"

— A challenge that affects multiple countries.

Пандемия — это трансграничный вызов.

Journalistic
"Трансграничная мобильность"

— The ability of people/labor to move across borders.

Трансграничная мобильность населения растёт.

Sociological
"Трансграничное измерение"

— The cross-border aspect of a situation.

Важно учитывать трансграничное измерение конфликта.

Political
"Трансграничный охват"

— How far across borders something reaches.

Программа имеет трансграничный охват.

Business
"Трансграничные узы"

— Strong ties between people across borders.

Трансграничные узы семьи не разорвать.

Literary
"Трансграничный мост доверия"

— Metaphor for building trust between nations.

Мы строим трансграничный мост доверия.

Diplomatic
"Трансграничный вектор развития"

— A direction of growth involving other countries.

У компании есть трансграничный вектор развития.

Business
"Трансграничное эхо"

— Consequences felt across a border.

Революция имела трансграничное эхо.

Historical

혼동하기 쉬운

трансграничный vs транснациональный

Both start with 'trans-'.

Transnational implies operating in many nations; transboundary implies crossing a specific border.

ТНК (транснациональная компания) vs трансграничный мост.

трансграничный vs межгосударственный

Both involve multiple states.

Interstate refers to government relations; transboundary refers to the physical/economic crossing.

Межгосударственный договор vs трансграничный перенос дыма.

трансграничный vs иностранный

Both relate to other countries.

Foreign means 'not from here'; transboundary means 'crossing the line.'

Иностранный язык vs трансграничный перевод.

трансграничный vs внешний

Both can mean outside a country.

External is a general direction; transboundary is a specific spatial relationship.

Внешняя политика vs трансграничная река.

трансграничный vs глобальный

Both describe large-scale issues.

Global is world-wide; transboundary can be just between two neighbors.

Глобальное потепление vs трансграничное загрязнение озера.

문장 패턴

B1

Это [трансграничный] [noun].

Это трансграничный проект.

B2

Мы обсуждаем [трансграничное] [noun].

Мы обсуждаем трансграничное сотрудничество.

C1

Развитие [трансграничной] [noun] является [noun].

Развитие трансграничной торговли является приоритетом.

C1

В условиях [трансграничного] [noun]...

В условиях трансграничного кризиса...

C2

Несмотря на [трансграничный] характер [noun]...

Несмотря на трансграничный характер проблемы...

C2

С точки зрения [трансграничного] [noun]...

С точки зрения трансграничного права...

B2

Благодаря [трансграничным] [noun]...

Благодаря трансграничным связям...

C1

Усиление [трансграничного] [noun] ведёт к...

Усиление трансграничного контроля ведёт к задержкам.

어휘 가족

명사

동사

형용사

관련

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

frequency

High in news/business, Low in daily life.

자주 하는 실수
  • транс-граничный → трансграничный

    Do not use a hyphen. It is one word.

  • заграничный перевод → трансграничный перевод

    While 'заграничный' is understandable, 'трансграничный' is the correct technical term for banking.

팁

Use in Business

When writing a business proposal, use 'трансграничный' to describe international operations to sound more expert.

Agreement

Always check the gender of the noun. 'Торговля' is feminine, 'Перевод' is masculine.

Prefix Power

Remember 'транс-' means 'across.' This helps you understand other words like 'транспорт' or 'трансформация'.

Flow

Say the word slowly at first: транс-гра-нич-ный. Then speed it up until it's one smooth sound.

Context Clues

If you see this word, look for words like 'банк,' 'экология,' or 'сотрудничество' nearby.

TRKI Tip

Use this word in the 'Global Problems' topic of your speaking exam to get high marks.

Geography

Think of the many countries bordering Russia; this makes 'трансграничный' a very relevant word in Russian news.

Spelling

Don't forget the 'с' at the end of the prefix 'транс-'.

Podcasts

Listen to Russian business podcasts like 'The Bell' to hear this word in use.

Visual

Draw a line and an arrow crossing it. Label it 'трансграничный'.

암기하기

기억법

Think of a 'Trans-Siberian' train crossing a 'Gran' (border). Trans + Gran = Trans-border.

시각적 연상

Visualize a bridge connecting two countries with a giant 'T' (Trans) on top of it.

Word Web

граница транспорт перевод торговля экология река сотрудничество загрязнение

챌린지

Try to use 'трансграничный' in a sentence about your favorite international hobby (e.g., cross-border gaming).

어원

A compound word. 'Транс-' comes from Latin 'trans' meaning 'across' or 'beyond.' 'Граница' comes from Old East Slavic 'граница,' a diminutive of 'грань' (edge/side). The suffix '-ный' is the standard Russian adjective former.

원래 의미: Literally: 'That which is across the border.'

Indo-European (Latin prefix + Slavic root).

문화적 맥락

Be careful when using this word in disputed territories; the definition of 'граница' (border) itself can be politically sensitive.

English speakers use 'cross-border' more often in casual business, while 'transboundary' is reserved for science/law. In Russian, 'трансграничный' covers both.

UN Convention on Transboundary Air Pollution Espoo Convention (Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context) Russian Federal Law on Cross-Border Trade

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

Banking

  • трансграничный перевод
  • комиссия за перевод
  • валютный контроль
  • SWIFT-платеж

Ecology

  • загрязнение воздуха
  • общие ресурсы
  • экологический ущерб
  • мониторинг

Business

  • цепочка поставок
  • таможенная пошлина
  • экспорт-импорт
  • рынок сбыта

Politics

  • безопасность границ
  • дипломатические отношения
  • соглашение
  • визовый режим

Law

  • правовой статус
  • конвенция
  • арбитраж
  • регулирование

대화 시작하기

"Как вы думаете, трансграничная торговля помогает малым предприятиям?"

"Считаете ли вы, что трансграничное загрязнение — главная проблема экологии?"

"Пользовались ли вы когда-нибудь трансграничными денежными переводами?"

"Какие трансграничные проекты в вашем регионе вы знаете?"

"Важна ли трансграничная мобильность для современной молодёжи?"

일기 주제

Опишите влияние трансграничной электронной коммерции на вашу жизнь.

Напишите эссе о том, как трансграничное сотрудничество может решить мировые проблемы.

Представьте, что вы строите трансграничный мост. Какие трудности возникнут?

Обсудите плюсы и минусы трансграничного перемещения рабочей силы.

Как технологии изменят трансграничные платежи в ближайшие десять лет?

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

It is very common in formal Russian (news, business, law) but rare in casual conversation. If you read a newspaper, you will see it often.

It declines like a regular hard-stem adjective (новый). For example, genitive: трансграничного, dative: трансграничному.

Rarely. It's usually for abstract concepts (trade, cooperation) or physical things (rivers, pollution). For people, we usually say 'мигранты' or 'туристы'.

'Заграничный' means 'abroad' (like a passport). 'Трансграничный' means 'across the border' (like a bridge or a money transfer).

Yes, in Russian it is always written as one word: трансграничный.

Technically yes (трансграничен), but it is almost never used. Stick to the long form.

It is a cross-border money transfer, usually from a bank in one country to a bank in another.

Yes, it is the standard term for pollution or resources that cross borders (трансграничные воды, трансграничный перенос).

Yes, the stress remains on the 'и' in all case forms (трансграничного, трансграничную).

Yes, it is considered advanced vocabulary because of its formal and technical usage.

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