Thai is a high-context culture. Particles help define the relationship between speakers and the emotional tone, which isn't always clear from the verbs alone.
You will be understood, but you'll sound like a robot or very aggressive. It's like speaking English without ever saying 'please', 'thanks', or using any vocal inflection.
Only in extremely formal written documents like contracts, legal testimonies, or formal speeches. Never use it in daily conversation or standard emails.
Yes, it is safer to use them. You can use the informal versions like ครับผม or ค่าาา to sound friendly but still professional.
Mostly yes, but with very high-ranking officials or royalty, it's better to stick to formal markers like ครับ/ค่ะ or พระพุทธเจ้าข้า.
It's the 'social lubricant' of the language. It prevents sentences from sounding too direct or aggressive, which is crucial in a culture that values harmony.