왕실 어휘 (Rachasap): 왕족에게 말하는 법
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Ratchasap is a specialized vocabulary used when speaking to or about the Thai Royal Family, emphasizing hierarchy and deep respect.
- Use specific nouns like 'Phra-net' (eye) instead of 'Taa' for royal body parts.
- Use 'Song' (ทรง) before common verbs to make them royal, e.g., 'Song-wing' (to run).
- Never use 'Song' with verbs that are already royal, like 'Sa-det' (to go/travel).
Overview
Meanings
A distinct linguistic register in Thai used for the King, Queen, and members of the Royal Family, involving unique nouns, verbs, and pronouns.
Royal Verbs
Specific verbs used exclusively for royal actions, often replacing common Thai verbs entirely.
“เสวย (sa-woei) - to eat”
“บรรทม (ban-thom) - to sleep”
Prefix 'Song' (ทรง)
A prefix used to transform ordinary verbs or nouns into royal actions or objects.
“ทรงดนตรี (song-don-tri) - to play music”
“ทรงงาน (song-ngaan) - to work”
Royal Nouns (Anatomy & Objects)
Nouns referring to the body parts or personal items of royalty, usually prefixed with 'Phra' (พระ).
“พระหัตถ์ (phra-hat) - hand”
“พระเนตร (phra-net) - eye”
The 'Song' (ทรง) Formation Rules
| Type | Rule | Example (Common) | Example (Royal) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Common Verb | Add 'Song' before verb | วิ่ง (Run) | ทรงวิ่ง |
| Common Noun | Add 'Song' to make it a verb | ม้า (Horse) | ทรงม้า (To ride) |
| Royal Noun | Add 'Song' to make it a verb | พระอักษร (Letter) | ทรงพระอักษร (To write) |
| Royal Verb | DO NOT add 'Song' | เสด็จ (Go) | เสด็จ (Correct) |
| Royal Verb | Incorrect Usage | เสด็จ (Go) | ทรงเสด็จ (WRONG) |
Reference Table
| Standard | Royal Term | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| kin | sawoei | to eat |
| non | banthom | to sleep |
| ban | phra tamnak | house |
| phut | mi phra ratcha damrat | to speak |
| pai | sadet | to go |
| puey | phra chueai | to be sick |
격식 수준 스펙트럼
พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวเสวยพระกระยาหาร (Describing the King's meal)
ในหลวงท่านทานข้าว (Describing the King's meal)
ในหลวงกินข้าว (Describing the King's meal)
N/A (Highly inappropriate) (Describing the King's meal)
Royal Vocabulary Hierarchy
Verbs
- sawoei eat
Nouns
- phra tamnak house
Standard vs Royal
When to use Rachasap
Are you speaking to/about Royalty?
Common Royal Categories
Actions
- • Eat
- • Sleep
- • Walk
Examples by Level
ในหลวง (Nai Luang)
The King (informal but respectful)
ทรงพระเจริญ (Song Phra Charoen)
Long live the King
พระเจ้าอยู่หัว (Phra Chao Yu Hua)
The King (Formal)
ราชวงศ์ (Rat-cha-wong)
Royal Family
ท่านเสด็จไป (Than sa-det pai)
He (Royal) is going.
ทรงงานหนัก (Song ngaan nak)
He works hard.
พระหัตถ์ของท่าน (Phra-hat khong than)
His hand.
ทรงม้า (Song maa)
To ride a horse.
พระเจ้าอยู่หัวเสวยพระกระยาหาร (Phra Chao Yu Hua sa-woei phra kra-ya-haan)
The King is eating his meal.
พระราชินีทรงแย้มพระสรวล (Phra Ra-chi-ni song yaem phra suan)
The Queen is smiling.
ทรงพระประชวร (Song phra pra-chuan)
To be ill (Royal).
พระราชดำรัส (Phra-rat-cha-dam-rat)
Royal speech.
พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวมีพระบรมราชโองการ (Phra Bat Som Det... mi phra bo-rom-rat-cha-ong-kan)
The King issued a Royal Command.
ทรงบำเพ็ญพระราชกุศล (Song bam-phen phra-rat-cha-ku-son)
To perform a royal merit-making ceremony.
พระราชอาคันตุกะ (Phra-rat-cha-aa-khan-tu-ka)
Royal guest (Foreign royalty).
ทรงพระกรุณาโปรดเกล้าฯ (Song phra ka-ru-na prot klao)
To be graciously pleased to...
น้อมเกล้าน้อมกระหม่อมถวาย (Nom klao nom kra-mom tha-wai)
To humbly offer (something large/immovable).
เสด็จประพาสต้น (Sa-det pra-phaat ton)
To travel incognito (historical).
พระบรมราโชวาท (Phra bo-rom-ra-cho-waat)
Royal advice/instruction.
ทรงพระราชนิพนธ์ (Song phra-rat-cha-ni-phon)
To compose/write (Royal).
พระปรมาภิไธย (Phra po-ra-ma-phi-thai)
The King's signature/name.
ทรงพระพิโรธ (Song phra phi-rot)
To be extremely angry (Royal).
พระราชลัญจกร (Phra-rat-cha-lan-cha-kon)
The Royal Seal.
สวรรคต (Sa-wan-khot)
To pass away (King/Queen).
Easily Confused
Learners often put 'Song' in front of everything to sound royal.
Both mean 'to give', but depend on the size of the object.
Using royal words for monks or vice versa.
자주 하는 실수
King kin khao
Nai Luang sa-woei
Phra Chao Yu Hua pai
Phra Chao Yu Hua sa-det
Chan speak to King
Kha-phra-phut-tha-chao speak...
Sawatdee King
Kha-phra-phut-tha-chao kho-thawai-bang-khom
Song sa-det
Sa-det
Taa khong Nai Luang
Phra-net khong Nai Luang
Song non
Ban-thom
Song sa-woei
Sa-woei
Phra-hat wing
Song-wing
Khao-jai (understand)
Song thraap
Thawai (to give) for a car
Nom-klao-thawai
Phra-rat-cha-dam-rat (speech) for a Prince
Phra-o-waat
Sentence Patterns
พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวทรง ___
ขอเดชะฝ่าละอองธุลีพระบาทปกเกล้าปกกระหม่อม ข้าพระพุทธเจ้า ___
พระองค์เสด็จพระราชดำเนินไป ___
ทรงพระกรุณาโปรดเกล้าฯ ให้ ___
Real World Usage
เสด็จพระราชดำเนินไปทรงเปิดงาน...
ขอเดชะ...
ข้าพระพุทธเจ้าจะทำตามพระประสงค์
ทรงห่วงใยพสกนิกร
ได้รับพระราชทาน...
ทรงพระเจริญ
Context is King
Don't Overuse
Watch the News
Smart Tips
It's often a royal verb (like Sa-det, Sa-woei). Don't add 'Song'!
Always look for the 'Phra-' prefix. It's the universal signifier of royalty.
Use 'Song' + [Activity Name]. It works for almost any hobby or job.
Focus on the verbs. If they are long and start with 'Phra-rat-cha-', they are describing royal actions.
발음
Pali/Sanskrit Clusters
Many Ratchasap words have clusters like 'Phra-rat-cha-'. Pronounce the 'ch' clearly but quickly.
Tone in Royal Names
Royal names often have many syllables. Maintain the tone of each syllable strictly to avoid changing the meaning.
Formal Deference
Kha-phra-phut-tha-chao... ↘
A falling, humble intonation at the end of the long 'I' pronoun.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Remember: 'Song' is a coat. You put it on 'common' clothes (verbs) to make them royal, but you don't wear two coats (don't use it with royal verbs)!
Visual Association
Imagine a King riding a horse. The horse is common, but the King's presence makes the act 'Song-maa'. The King's hand is not just a hand; it's glowing with a 'Phra' prefix.
Rhyme
If it's already royal, 'Song' is a spoil. If it's just a common word, 'Song' must be heard!
Story
A commoner named Somchai went to the palace. He tried to 'Kin' (eat), but the guard said 'No, the King sa-woei'. Somchai tried to 'Song-sa-det', and the guard laughed, 'Just sa-det, my friend!'
Word Web
챌린지
Watch a 5-minute 'Royal News' clip on YouTube and count how many times you hear the word 'Song' vs. 'Sa-det'.
문화 노트
Ratchasap is based on Central Thai but heavily influenced by Khmer (from the Angkor era) and Sanskrit.
Thai TV has a dedicated 'Royal News' (Khao Nai Phra-rat-cha-sam-nak) every night at 8 PM using 100% Ratchasap.
Laws are enacted in the name of the King using specific royal terminology that differs from civil law language.
Ratchasap originated in the Sukhothai and Ayutthaya periods, heavily borrowing from Khmer court language to create a 'divine' aura around the King.
Conversation Starters
คุณเคยดูข่าวในพระราชสำนักไหม? (Have you ever watched the Royal News?)
ถ้าคุณเจอพระเจ้าอยู่หัว คุณจะพูดว่าอะไร? (If you met the King, what would you say?)
คำว่า 'เสวย' ต่างจาก 'กิน' อย่างไร? (How is 'sa-woei' different from 'kin'?)
ช่วยยกตัวอย่างคำที่ใช้ 'ทรง' มา 3 คำ (Give 3 examples of words using 'Song').
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
Choose the correct verb:
sawoei is the specific royal term for eating.Find and fix the mistake:
Phra ong non (sleep).
banthom is the correct royal verb for sleeping.Score: /2
연습 문제
8 exercisesพระเจ้าอยู่หัว___
Find and fix the mistake:
ในหลวงทรงเสด็จไปเชียงใหม่
___หัตถ์
1. นอน (Sleep), 2. ไป (Go), 3. กิน (Eat)
You can use 'Song' with any noun to turn it into a royal verb.
Reorder to say 'The King works hard'.
1. วิ่ง (Run), 2. เสด็จ (Go), 3. วาดรูป (Paint), 4. เสวย (Eat)
วันนี้พระราชินี___เปิดงานนิทรรศการ
Score: /8
Practice Bank
2 exercisesThe King goes to the palace -> Phra ong ____ pai phra tamnak.
Select the correct term:
Score: /2
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
No, it is strictly for the Royal Family. Using it with friends would sound like a joke or a play.
No, but they share similarities. Monks have their own register called `Kham Wat` (e.g., 'Chan' for eat instead of 'Sa-woei').
As a foreigner, you will be forgiven, but using basic polite Thai (Khrap/Ka) is better than using incorrect Ratchasap.
They are mostly Pali and Sanskrit loans, which Thai uses for high-status concepts, similar to how English uses Latin/Greek for science.
No, because 'Sa-woei' already exists. You should use the dedicated royal verb if it's available.
Yes, every Thai student learns it as part of their core curriculum from a young age.
The most formal form is `Kha-phra-phut-tha-chao` (Servant of the Buddha).
Yes, you add `มิได้` (mi-dai) before the verb, e.g., `มิได้เสด็จ`.
In Other Languages
Keigo (Sonkeigo)
Japanese Keigo is used for any superior; Ratchasap is strictly for royalty.
Vouvoiement
French is a pronoun shift; Thai is a total vocabulary shift.
Siezen
German focuses on distance/politeness; Thai focuses on sacred hierarchy.
Hadrat (حضرت)
Arabic uses existing formal structures; Thai creates new words.
Vuestra Merced / Usted
Spanish simplified its honorifics; Thai preserved and expanded them.
Bìxià (陛下)
Most Chinese royal terms are now archaic; Thai's are in daily use.
