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A1 adjective 12분 분량

เจ็บ

To hurt; painful

The word เจ็บ (jèp) is a fundamental adjective in Thai, equivalent to 'hurt' or 'painful' in English. At the A1 level, learners are expected to understand and use this word to express basic physical sensations. It's often one of the first words taught because it's essential for communicating immediate needs and discomfort. For example, a child might say 'หนูเจ็บ' (nǔu jèp - I'm hurt) after falling, or someone might exclaim 'โอ๊ย เจ็บ!' (Ói jèp! - Ouch, it hurts!) after bumping into something. The context is usually very clear, involving a direct physical experience. Learners at this level should be able to recognize เจ็บ when they hear it in simple sentences and use it to describe a body part that is hurting, like 'หัวเจ็บ' (hǔa jèp - head hurts). It's important to grasp the basic meaning of physical pain, without needing to differentiate between various types of pain yet.
At the A2 level, learners should be comfortable using เจ็บ (jèp) not only for direct physical pain but also in slightly more complex sentences. They should understand that เจ็บ can be used with specific body parts, such as 'แขนเจ็บ' (khǎen jèp - arm hurts) or 'ขาเจ็บ' (khǎa jèp - leg hurts). They can also start to use it in simple questions like 'เจ็บไหม?' (jèp mái? - Does it hurt?). Furthermore, A2 learners should begin to recognize its use in slightly less direct situations, perhaps implying a mild emotional hurt, although more nuanced emotional pain might be expressed with other words. The focus remains on clear, concrete expressions of pain. They might also start to differentiate it slightly from words like 'ปวด' (bpùat - ache), understanding เจ็บ for sharper pains.
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For B1 learners, the understanding of เจ็บ (jèp) expands to include more varied contexts and subtle nuances. They should be able to use เจ็บ to describe both physical injuries and emotional distress more confidently. This includes understanding its application in common phrases and idioms. They can discuss past injuries or ongoing discomfort. For example, 'ฉันเคยเจ็บข้อเท้า' (chăn khoei jèp khâw tháo - I have hurt my ankle before). B1 learners should also be able to distinguish เจ็บ from related terms like 'ปวด' (bpùat - ache) and 'เมื่อย' (mûay - sore/tired), applying each appropriately. They might also start to use the compound word 'เจ็บปวด' (jèp bpùat) for more intense or emotional pain.
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At the B2 level, learners are expected to have a sophisticated understanding of เจ็บ (jèp). This includes recognizing its use in figurative language, idioms, and more complex sentence structures. They can discuss medical conditions, express empathy, and articulate pain with greater precision. They should be able to explain the difference between เจ็บ (sharp pain) and 'ปวด' (ache) and use them correctly in context. They can also understand and use expressions related to emotional pain, such as 'คำพูดทำให้เจ็บ' (kham phôot tham hâi jèp - words hurt). B2 learners can engage in discussions about personal experiences of pain, health issues, and emotional struggles, using เจ็บ and its related vocabulary accurately.
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For C1 learners, เจ็บ (jèp) is a word they use with native-like fluency. Their understanding extends to recognizing its subtle connotations, its use in formal and informal registers, and its role in idiomatic expressions. They can analyze texts and conversations to understand the full spectrum of meaning conveyed by เจ็บ, including its metaphorical applications. They can articulate complex feelings of pain, both physical and emotional, using precise vocabulary and nuanced phrasing. They are aware of the cultural implications of expressing pain and can adapt their language accordingly. They can also explain the etymology and historical usage of the word.
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At the C2 level, learners possess a mastery of เจ็บ (jèp) that is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker. They can interpret the word in the most challenging literary, academic, or colloquial contexts, understanding all its shades of meaning, including irony, sarcasm, and subtle emotional undertones. They can employ เจ็บ and its related vocabulary with exceptional precision and creativity, contributing to sophisticated discussions on health, psychology, and human experience. They can deconstruct the word's usage in various dialects and historical periods.
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예시
The Thai word เจ็บ (jèp) is a fundamental adjective used to describe the sensation of pain or feeling hurt. It's a very common word that you'll encounter in everyday conversations, whether someone is talking about a physical injury, an emotional wound, or even a mild discomfort.

Think of it as the direct Thai equivalent of the English word "hurt" or "painful." It can be used to describe anything from a stubbed toe to a broken heart. The intensity of the pain can vary, and context usually makes it clear whether the hurt is minor or severe.

For instance, if you accidentally bump into a table, you might exclaim "โอ๊ย เจ็บ!" (Ói, jèp!) which means "Ouch, it hurts!" If someone is feeling unwell and experiencing discomfort, they might say "ฉันรู้สึกเจ็บ" (Chăn róo-sèuk jèp), meaning "I feel pain/I feel hurt."

This word is essential for expressing discomfort and communicating physical or emotional distress. It's one of the first words learners often pick up because it's so frequently used in daily life. Understanding เจ็บ allows you to express a basic but crucial aspect of human experience: feeling pain.

Beyond physical pain, เจ็บ can also refer to emotional pain or feeling hurt by someone's words or actions. For example, "คำพูดของเขาทำให้ฉันเจ็บ" (Kham phôot khǎwng kháo tham hâi chăn jèp) translates to "His words hurt me." This dual meaning makes เจ็บ a versatile and indispensable word in the Thai language. Mastering it will significantly enhance your ability to communicate your feelings and understand others.
Pronunciation
The word is pronounced 'jep', with a short 'e' sound like in 'bed' and a sharp, unreleased 'p' at the end. The tone is low.

I fell down and my knee is เจ็บ.

My head เจ็บ because I hit it.

He said something that made my heart เจ็บ.

Do you feel เจ็บ there?

My stomach เจ็บ after eating too much.

Using เจ็บ in sentences is straightforward. As an adjective, it typically follows the noun it describes or is used predicatively after a subject. You can also use it with verbs like "รู้สึก" (róo-sèuk - to feel) to express experiencing pain.

Let's explore some common sentence structures:

1. Subject + เจ็บ (Subject is in pain)
This is the most direct way to say someone or something is hurting.
Example: เขาเจ็บ (kháo jèp) - He is hurt.
Example: ฉันเจ็บ (chăn jèp) - I am hurt.

2. Body Part + เจ็บ (Specific body part hurts)
You can specify which part of the body is experiencing pain.
Example: หัวเจ็บ (hǔa jèp) - My head hurts.
Example: ขาเจ็บ (khǎa jèp) - My leg hurts.

3. Subject + รู้สึก + เจ็บ (Subject feels pain)
This structure emphasizes the feeling or sensation of pain.
Example: ฉันรู้สึกเจ็บ (chăn róo-sèuk jèp) - I feel pain.
Example: เด็กๆ รู้สึกเจ็บ (dèk dèk róo-sèuk jèp) - The children feel pain.

4. Verb + เจ็บ (Action causes pain)
This is often used when describing an action that leads to pain.
Example: ตีแล้วเจ็บ (tee láew jèp) - Hit and it hurts. (This is a very simple structure, often used colloquially.)
Example: เดินเยอะๆ แล้วเจ็บ (dern yér yér láew jèp) - Walking a lot makes it hurt.

5. Interjection + เจ็บ (Expressing sudden pain)
Interjections like "โอ๊ย" (Ói) are commonly used before เจ็บ to express sudden pain.
Example: โอ๊ย เจ็บ! (Ói jèp!) - Ouch, it hurts!

6. Emotional Pain
As mentioned, เจ็บ can also describe emotional hurt.
Example: คำพูดนั้นทำให้ฉันเจ็บ (kham phôot nán tham hâi chăn jèp) - That statement hurt me.
Example: เขาเสียใจจนเจ็บ (kháo sǐa jai jon jèp) - He was so sad it hurt.

Remember that context is key. The surrounding words and the situation will help determine whether the pain is physical or emotional. Practicing these structures will help you use เจ็บ confidently in various scenarios.
Grammar Note
In Thai, adjectives often follow the noun they modify or can stand alone as a predicate. เจ็บ functions similarly. You don't need articles like 'a' or 'the' in Thai.

My arm เจ็บ after lifting the heavy box.

She said she feels เจ็บ inside.

If you touch it, it will เจ็บ.

The wound is not เจ็บ anymore.

My teeth เจ็บ when I eat something cold.

You will hear the word เจ็บ in a vast array of real-life situations in Thailand. Its commonality makes it a staple in everyday Thai conversation.

1. Medical Settings:
Doctors, nurses, and patients frequently use เจ็บ. A doctor might ask, "ตรงไหนเจ็บครับ/คะ?" (Trong nǎi jèp khráp/khá?) meaning "Where does it hurt?" A patient might respond, "ตรงนี้เจ็บ" (Trong née jèp) - "It hurts here."

2. Accidents and Injuries:
Whenever someone experiences a minor or major accident, เจ็บ is almost guaranteed to be uttered. If someone trips and falls, you'll hear "โอ๊ย เจ็บ!" (Ói jèp!). If a child scrapes their knee, they'll cry "แม่ หนูเจ็บ!" (Mâe, nǔu jèp!) - "Mom, I'm hurt!"

3. Sports and Physical Activities:
Athletes and people engaged in sports often use เจ็บ to describe muscle soreness, sprains, or any discomfort experienced during or after exercise. "วันนี้วิ่งแล้วขาเจ็บ" (Wan née wîng láew khǎa jèp) - "My legs hurt today after running."

4. Everyday Annoyances:
Even small, everyday incidents can lead to the use of เจ็บ. Bumping into furniture, getting a paper cut, or even a mosquito bite that itches intensely might elicit a "เจ็บ" or "คันเจ็บ" (khan jèp - itchy and painful).

5. Emotional Conversations:
In discussions about relationships, friendships, or difficult situations, เจ็บ is used to express emotional pain. If someone feels betrayed or disappointed, they might say, "ฉันรู้สึกเจ็บปวด" (Chăn róo-sèuk jèp-bpòt), which uses a more formal variation but the core meaning is there. A simpler expression would be "คำพูดเขาทำให้ฉันเจ็บ" (Kham phôot kháo tham hâi chăn jèp) - "His words hurt me."

6. Media and Entertainment:
You'll hear เจ็บ in Thai movies, TV shows, and songs, often depicting dramatic moments of pain or suffering.

Essentially, any situation where someone is experiencing discomfort, pain, or emotional distress is a place where you are likely to hear เจ็บ. It's a word that connects people through shared human experiences of vulnerability and discomfort.
Common Phrases Heard
"โอ๊ย เจ็บ!" (Ói jèp!) - Ouch, it hurts!
"เจ็บไหม?" (jèp mái?) - Does it hurt?
"ฉันเจ็บ" (chăn jèp) - I am hurt.
"หัวเจ็บ" (hǔa jèp) - My head hurts.
"ท้องเจ็บ" (tháwng jèp) - My stomach hurts.

A child crying, "แม่ หนูเจ็บ!" (Mom, I'm hurt!)

A doctor asking, "ตรงไหนเจ็บครับ?" (Where does it hurt?)

Someone saying, "เมื่อคืนนอนไม่พอ วันนี้ปวดเมื่อยไปหมดเลย" (Last night I didn't sleep enough, today my whole body aches.) - Here, "ปวดเมื่อย" (bpùat mûay) is used for general aches, but if it were more specific pain, เจ็บ would be used.

A contestant on a game show wincing and saying, "โอ๊ย! เจ็บ!" after a challenge.

A friend comforting another by saying, "ฉันเข้าใจว่าเธอรู้สึกเจ็บ" (I understand that you feel hurt).

While เจ็บ is a straightforward word, learners might make a few common mistakes, often related to overgeneralization or misunderstanding nuances.

1. Confusing เจ็บ with other types of discomfort:
เจ็บ primarily means 'pain' or 'hurt'. For general aches, especially muscle soreness after exercise, Thai speakers often use "ปวด" (bpùat) or "ปวดเมื่อย" (bpùat mûay). For example, if your muscles are sore from a workout, you'd say "เมื่อย" (mûay - tired/sore) or "ปวด" (bpùat - ache), not necessarily เจ็บ, unless it's a sharp pain.
Incorrect: "หลังฉันเจ็บ" (lǎng chăn jèp) for general muscle soreness.
Correct: "หลังฉันเมื่อย" (lǎng chăn mûay) or "หลังฉันปวด" (lǎng chăn bpùat).

2. Using เจ็บ for minor irritations that aren't painful:
Some minor annoyances, like a slight itch, might not warrant the word เจ็บ. While "คัน" (khan) means itchy, if an itch is so severe it feels painful, you might say "คันเจ็บ" (khan jèp). But for a simple itch, เจ็บ is too strong.
Incorrect: "ยุงกัดแล้วเจ็บ" (yung gàt láew jèp) for a normal mosquito bite.
Correct: "ยุงกัดแล้วคัน" (yung gàt láew khan).

3. Incorrect Tone or Pronunciation:
Thai is a tonal language. While เจ็บ has a low tone, mispronouncing it can change the meaning or make it difficult to understand. For example, a high tone might sound like another word entirely.

4. Overusing "โอ๊ย" (Ói):
While "โอ๊ย" is a common interjection for pain, it's not always necessary. Using it for every minor discomfort can sound unnatural. Simply stating "เจ็บ" is often sufficient.
Overuse: "โอ๊ย เจ็บ เจ็บ เจ็บ" for a slight bump.
More natural: "เจ็บนิดหน่อย" (jèp nít nòi) - It hurts a little.

5. Confusing Physical and Emotional Pain:
While เจ็บ can be used for both, sometimes more specific vocabulary is preferred for emotional pain, like "เสียใจ" (sǐa jai - sad/regretful) or "ผิดหวัง" (phìt wǎng - disappointed). If the emotional pain is profound, "เจ็บปวด" (jèp bpùat - painful, often used emotionally) might be used.
Example: "คำพูดของเขาทำให้ฉันรู้สึกเจ็บ" is understood, but "คำพูดของเขาทำให้ฉันเสียใจ" might be more common for mild disappointment.

Being aware of these common pitfalls will help you use เจ็บ more accurately and sound more like a native speaker.
Distinction with 'ปวด' (bpùat)
'เจ็บ' (jèp) refers to a sharp, acute pain, or feeling hurt. 'ปวด' (bpùat) refers to a dull ache, throbbing, or soreness, often more chronic or widespread.

Mistake: Saying "I feel เจ็บ" when referring to general tiredness after a long day.

Mistake: Using เจ็บ for a minor annoyance like a mild itch.

Mistake: Pronouncing เจ็บ with a rising tone, which changes the meaning.

Mistake: Using เจ็บ when 'ปวด' is more appropriate for an ache.

Mistake: Overusing the interjection "โอ๊ย" (Ói) before เจ็บ for very minor pains.

While เจ็บ (jèp) is the most common word for 'pain' or 'hurt', Thai has other words that describe different types or intensities of discomfort. Understanding these nuances will help you express yourself more precisely.

1. ปวด (bpùat)
This is perhaps the most common alternative to เจ็บ. เจ็บ usually refers to a sharp, acute pain or feeling hurt (like a wound or injury). ปวด, on the other hand, describes a dull ache, throbbing, or soreness, often more chronic or widespread.
Example: ปวดหัว (bpùat hǔa) - Headache (a dull ache).
Example: นิ้วเจ็บ (níw jèp) - My finger hurts (e.g., from a cut or bruise).

2. เมื่อย (mûay)
This word specifically means 'tired' or 'sore', usually referring to muscles or the body after physical exertion. It's a milder discomfort than เจ็บ or ปวด.
Example: เมื่อยขา (mûay khǎa) - Sore legs.

3. ช้ำ (chám)
This word means 'bruised' or 'contused'. It implies an injury that has caused internal bleeding under the skin, resulting in discoloration and tenderness.
Example: แขนช้ำ (khǎen chám) - Bruised arm. This bruise might also feel เจ็บ.

4. เจ็บปวด (jèp bpùat)
This is a compound word that intensifies the feeling of pain, often used for more severe or prolonged suffering, and frequently applied to emotional pain. It's a more formal or literary expression than just เจ็บ.
Example: ความเจ็บปวดทางใจ (khwaam jèp bpùat thaang jai) - Emotional pain.

5. ระบม (rá-bom)
This term describes a deep, persistent ache or soreness, often following a significant injury or illness. It suggests a lingering discomfort.
Example: แผลระบม (phlǎe rá-bom) - A sore wound.

Comparison Table:
Word
Meaning
Example Usage
Notes
เจ็บ (jèp)
Pain, hurt (acute, sharp)
นิ้วเจ็บ (níw jèp) - Finger hurts
General term for pain, injury.
ปวด (bpùat)
Ache, throbbing (dull, chronic)
ปวดหัว (bpùat hǔa) - Headache
Often used for internal aches or chronic discomfort.
เมื่อย (mûay)
Tired, sore (muscles)
เมื่อยไหล่ (mûay lǎi) - Sore shoulders
Specific to muscle fatigue.
ช้ำ (chám)
Bruised
ขาช้ำ (khǎa chám) - Bruised leg
Refers to the physical state of being bruised.
เจ็บปวด (jèp bpùat)
Painful, suffering (often emotional, severe)
ความเจ็บปวด (khwaam jèp bpùat) - Suffering
More intense and often used for emotional or prolonged pain.

Choosing the right word depends on the specific type of discomfort you want to convey. เจ็บ remains the go-to for general, acute pain.

A dull ache in the back is 'ปวดหลัง' (bpùat lǎng), not 'เจ็บหลัง' (jèp lǎng).

Sore muscles after exercise are 'เมื่อย' (mûay), not 'เจ็บ' (jèp).

A sharp pain from a cut is 'เจ็บ' (jèp).

Emotional suffering can be described as 'เจ็บปวด' (jèp bpùat).

A bruised knee is 'เข่าช้ำ' (khâo chám), which might also feel 'เจ็บ' (jèp).

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수준별 예문

1

โอ๊ย เจ็บ!

Ouch, it hurts!

Interjection + Adjective

2

หัวเจ็บ

Head hurts.

Noun (body part) + Adjective

3

ฉันเจ็บ

I am hurt.

Pronoun + Adjective

4

มือเจ็บ

Hand hurts.

Noun (body part) + Adjective

5

เจ็บไหม?

Does it hurt?

Adjective + Question Particle

6

ท้องเจ็บ

Stomach hurts.

Noun (body part) + Adjective

7

เขาเจ็บ

He is hurt.

Pronoun + Adjective

8

เจ็บนิดหน่อย

It hurts a little.

Adjective + Adverbial Phrase

1

เดินเยอะแล้วขาเจ็บ

My legs hurt after walking a lot.

Verb + Adverbial + Noun (body part) + Adjective

2

เขาหกล้มและเจ็บ

He fell down and got hurt.

Pronoun + Verb + Conjunction + Adjective

3

รู้สึกเจ็บที่หลัง

I feel pain in my back.

Verb + Adjective + Prepositional Phrase

4

บาดแผลนี้ไม่เจ็บแล้ว

This wound doesn't hurt anymore.

Noun + Negation + Adjective + Adverb

5

ทำไมถึงเจ็บ?

Why does it hurt?

Question Word + Adjective

6

โดนหกล้มแล้วเจ็บ

Got hurt from falling down.

Verb Phrase + Adjective

7

ฟันเจ็บเวลาทานของหวาน

Teeth hurt when eating sweets.

Noun (body part) + Adjective + Time Clause

8

เธอร้องไห้เพราะเจ็บ

She cried because she was hurt.

Pronoun + Verb + Conjunction + Adjective

1

เมื่อวานฉันไปวิ่งมา แล้ววันนี้รู้สึกเจ็บกล้ามเนื้อ

Yesterday I went for a run, and today my muscles feel sore/hurt.

Time Clause + Verb + Adjective (distinguishing from 'ปวด' or 'เมื่อย')

2

คำพูดของเขาทำให้ฉันเจ็บปวดมาก

His words hurt me a lot.

Noun Clause + Verb + Adjective (compound for emotional pain)

3

หมอถามว่าตรงไหนเจ็บ

The doctor asked where it hurt.

Noun + Verb + Question Clause

4

ฉันจำได้ว่าเคยเจ็บข้อเท้าตอนเด็ก

I remember hurting my ankle when I was a child.

Pronoun + Verb + Past Experience Clause

5

ถ้าไม่ระวัง อาจจะเจ็บได้

If you're not careful, you might get hurt.

Conditional Clause + Modal Verb + Adjective

6

การผ่าตัดทำให้รู้สึกเจ็บ

The surgery caused pain.

Noun + Verb + Verb + Adjective

7

เขาพยายามอดทนต่อความเจ็บปวด

He tried to endure the pain.

Pronoun + Verb + Noun (abstract)

8

รู้สึกเจ็บแปลบๆ ที่แขน

I feel a sharp, stabbing pain in my arm.

Verb + Adjective + Onomatopoeia/Adverb + Noun (body part)

1

ถึงแม้จะกินยาแก้ปวดแล้ว อาการเจ็บก็ยังไม่หายไป

Even though I took painkillers, the pain has not gone away.

Concessive Clause + Noun Phrase + Verb

2

ความรู้สึกผิดที่เขาแบกรับ ทำให้ใจเขาเจ็บปวดมาตลอด

The guilt he carried has caused his heart to ache continuously.

Noun Phrase + Verb + Noun Phrase + Adjective (emotional context)

3

นักกีฬาต้องฝึกฝนอย่างหนัก แม้จะรู้ว่าอาจทำให้เกิดอาการเจ็บ

Athletes must train hard, even knowing it might cause pain.

Noun + Verb + Verb + Clause + Adjective

4

คำวิจารณ์ที่รุนแรงส่งผลให้เขาเจ็บช้ำน้ำใจ

The harsh criticism deeply hurt his feelings.

Noun Phrase + Verb + Pronoun + Idiomatic Phrase (emotional hurt)

5

แพทย์วินิจฉัยว่าอาการปวดศีรษะเกิดจากการอักเสบ ไม่ใช่การเจ็บปวดเฉียบพลัน

The doctor diagnosed the headache as inflammation, not acute pain.

Noun + Verb + Noun Phrase + Conjunction + Noun Phrase (differentiation of pain types)

6

การสูญเสียครั้งนั้นทิ้งรอยแผลเป็นที่เจ็บปวดในใจของเธอ

That loss left a painful scar on her heart.

Noun Phrase + Verb + Noun Phrase + Adjective (metaphorical pain)

7

เขาพยายามซ่อนความเจ็บปวดไว้ภายใต้รอยยิ้ม

He tried to hide the pain beneath a smile.

Pronoun + Verb + Noun Phrase + Prepositional Phrase

8

อาการบาดเจ็บทำให้การเคลื่อนไหวเป็นไปด้วยความยากลำบากและเจ็บปวด

The injury made movement difficult and painful.

Noun Phrase + Verb + Adverb + Adjective

1

ในโลกที่เต็มไปด้วยความไม่แน่นอน การเผชิญหน้ากับความเจ็บปวดเป็นส่วนหนึ่งของชีวิตที่หลีกเลี่ยงไม่ได้

In a world full of uncertainty, confronting pain is an unavoidable part of life.

Complex sentence structure with abstract concepts of pain.

2

นักปรัชญาถกเถียงกันถึงธรรมชาติของความเจ็บปวด ว่าเป็นเพียงการรับรู้ทางประสาทสัมผัส หรือมีมิติทางจิตวิญญาณที่ลึกซึ้งกว่านั้น

Philosophers debate the nature of pain, whether it is merely a sensory perception or has a deeper spiritual dimension.

Academic/philosophical discourse on pain.

3

ผลงานศิลปะชิ้นนี้สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงความเจ็บปวดจากการกดขี่ และการต่อสู้เพื่ออิสรภาพ

This artwork reflects the pain of oppression and the struggle for freedom.

Artistic interpretation of pain and suffering.

4

แม้จะได้รับการเยียวยาทางกายแล้ว แต่บาดแผลทางใจยังคงส่งเสียงสะท้อนแห่งความเจ็บปวดอยู่เนิ่นนาน

Even after physical healing, the emotional wounds continue to echo with pain for a long time.

Metaphorical language for emotional pain.

5

การยอมรับความเจ็บปวดของตนเอง คือก้าวแรกที่สำคัญสู่การเยียวยา

Accepting one's own pain is the crucial first step towards healing.

Psychological/self-help context of pain.

6

บทกวีนี้ใช้ภาษาที่เต็มไปด้วยอุปมาอุปไมย เพื่อสื่อถึงความเจ็บปวดที่ไม่อาจบรรยายได้ด้วยคำพูดธรรมดา

This poem uses metaphorical language to convey pain that cannot be described by ordinary words.

Literary analysis of expressing pain.

7

ในบา

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