大概
大概 30초 만에
- Means 'probably' or 'approximately'.
- Used as an adverb before verbs or numbers.
- Can be a noun meaning 'general idea'.
- Essential for polite, indirect communication.
The Chinese word 大概 (dàgài) is a versatile adverb and adjective that every learner must master early on. At its core, it serves two primary functions: expressing a high degree of probability (similar to 'probably' or 'most likely') and providing a rough estimation of quantity or time (similar to 'approximately' or 'about'). Understanding 大概 is essential because Chinese communication often favors a degree of intentional vagueness or politeness, avoiding overly blunt or absolute statements. When you use 大概, you are signaling to your listener that while you are fairly certain, you are leaving room for error or change.
- Probability Adverb
- In this context, it suggests that something is very likely to happen. It is stronger than 'possibly' (可能) but less certain than 'definitely' (一定). For example, 'He probably forgot' would be '他大概忘了'.
我们大概明天出发。 (We will probably set off tomorrow.)
- Numerical Approximation
- When used with numbers, time, or distances, it indicates an estimate. 'There are about ten people' becomes '大概有十个人'. It is often interchangeable with '大约' in this specific sense, though 大概 feels slightly more colloquial.
Beyond these uses, 大概 can also function as a noun meaning 'the general idea' or 'the gist'. If someone asks if you understood a complex lecture, you might say '我只知道个大概' (I only know the general idea). This flexibility makes it a high-frequency word in both daily conversation and formal writing. Whether you are guessing why a friend is late or estimating how much a dinner will cost, 大概 provides the necessary linguistic cushion to navigate uncertainty with grace.
这件衣服大概两百块。 (This piece of clothing is approximately 200 yuan.)
- The 'General Idea' Noun
- When used as a noun, it refers to the outline or the main points of a situation or story. It is often preceded by '个' (gè) in informal speech.
Mastering the sentence structure of 大概 (dàgài) involves understanding its position relative to other sentence elements. In Chinese, adverbs typically follow the subject and precede the verb. This rule holds true for 大概 when it expresses probability. However, when it functions as an approximation for numbers, its placement can be slightly more flexible, though it still usually precedes the number or the verb 'to have' (有).
Subject + 大概 + Verb/Adjective
Consider the sentence 'He probably knows.' In Chinese, this is '他大概知道' (Tā dàgài zhīdào). Notice how 大概 sits right between the subject '他' and the verb '知道'. If you want to say 'It is probably very expensive,' you would say '大概很贵' (Dàgài hěn guì). In this case, the subject 'it' is implied, and 大概 precedes the adjective phrase '很贵'.
- With Numbers and Quantities
- When estimating, the pattern is often: Subject + 大概 + 有 + Number + Measure Word + Noun. Example: '这里大概有五十个人' (There are approximately 50 people here).
他大概三点钟来。 (He will probably come at around 3 o'clock.)
One interesting feature of 大概 is its ability to stand alone as a response. If someone asks, 'Will it rain today?' (今天会下雨吗?), you can simply reply '大概吧' (Dàgài ba), meaning 'Probably.' The particle '吧' (ba) is often added to soften the tone and indicate a guess. Without '吧', the response '大概' is more clinical or objective.
In more complex sentences involving negation, 大概 usually comes before the negative particle '不' (bù) or '没' (méi). For instance, 'He probably won't come' is '他大概不来'. Placing '不' before 大概 would be grammatically incorrect and confusing to native speakers. This consistency in placement makes 大概 a reliable tool for building sentences as you progress from A1 to higher levels of fluency.
You will encounter 大概 (dàgài) in almost every corner of Chinese life, from the bustling wet markets to high-stakes business meetings. Its frequency stems from its utility in managing expectations. In a culture where being too direct can sometimes be perceived as impolite or risky, 大概 provides a safe middle ground. You'll hear it in the following common scenarios:
- Daily Logistics
- When coordinating with friends, people often use 大概 to set tentative times. '我大概十分钟后到' (I'll be there in about 10 minutes) is a phrase you'll hear constantly in WeChat voice messages.
老板,这斤苹果大概多少钱? (Boss, about how much for a jin of these apples?)
In the workplace, 大概 is used to discuss project timelines or data estimates when exact figures aren't yet confirmed. A manager might say, '这个项目大概需要两个月' (This project will probably take about two months). This protects the speaker from being held to an impossible standard if unforeseen delays occur. It is also used when summarizing long documents: '你能说说这份报告的大概意思吗?' (Can you tell me the general meaning of this report?).
In Chinese media, news anchors use 大概 when reporting on developing stories where facts are still being verified. In TV dramas, characters use it to express doubt or suspicion. For example, a detective might say, '他大概在撒谎' (He is probably lying). Because it is so ubiquitous, learning to recognize the tone with which it is spoken—whether it's a confident 'probably' or a hesitant 'maybe'—will greatly improve your listening comprehension and cultural fluency.
我大概能猜到他在想什么。 (I can probably guess what he is thinking.)
While 大概 (dàgài) is a beginner-friendly word, English speakers often fall into a few common traps due to direct translation or confusion with similar-sounding words. The most frequent error involves word order. In English, we can say 'He is coming, probably,' but in Chinese, the 'probably' must come before the verb. Saying '他来大概' is a classic 'Chinglish' mistake that sounds very unnatural.
- Mistake 1: Wrong Placement
- Incorrect: 他去学校大概。 (He goes to school probably.)
Correct: 他大概去学校。 (He probably goes to school.)
Another common confusion is between 大概 and 大约 (dàyuē). While both can mean 'approximately,' 大约 is almost exclusively used for numbers and time. You cannot use 大约 to mean 'probably' in a general sense. For example, you can't say '他大约忘了' to mean 'He probably forgot.' In that case, only 大概 works. Conversely, 大概 is more colloquial than 大约, which is often preferred in formal writing or precise scientific contexts.
Incorrect: 我大约会去。 (I will approximately go - sounds wrong in Chinese probability.)
Correct: 我大概会去。 (I will probably go.)
Learners also sometimes confuse 大概 with 可能 (kěnéng). While both deal with uncertainty, 可能 means 'possible' or 'maybe' (roughly 50% chance), whereas 大概 implies a higher likelihood (roughly 70-80% chance). If you are quite sure but not 100% certain, 大概 is the better choice. Using 可能 when you are fairly sure can make you sound more hesitant than you intend to be. Finally, remember that 大概 can be a noun, but it cannot be used as a verb. You cannot '大概' something; you can only 'know the 大概' (知道个大概).
To truly master Chinese, you need to know when to swap 大概 (dàgài) for its synonyms to sound more natural or precise. The Chinese language has a rich set of words for uncertainty and estimation, each with its own nuance and register.
- 大约 (dàyuē)
- Focuses on numerical approximation. It is more formal than 大概. Use this in reports or when discussing statistics. Example: '大约有百分之三十的人...' (Approximately 30% of people...).
- 可能 (kěnéng)
- Means 'maybe' or 'possible'. It suggests a lower level of certainty than 大概. If 大概 is 'probably', 可能 is 'might'.
- 估计 (gūjì)
- A verb meaning 'to estimate' or 'to reckon'. It sounds more like a calculated guess. '我估计他不会来' (I reckon/estimate he won't come).
左右 (zuǒyòu) vs. 大概
左右 (literally 'left-right') is a post-positional word for approximation. While 大概 goes before the number, 左右 goes after. '十个人大概' is wrong, but '十个人左右' is perfect. You can even combine them for emphasis: '大概有十个人左右', though this is slightly redundant.
In formal or literary contexts, you might encounter 或 (huò) or 也许 (yěxǔ). 也许 is very similar to 'perhaps' and is often used in poetic or soft-spoken contexts. Understanding these differences allows you to choose the exact 'flavor' of uncertainty you want to convey, moving beyond basic communication to nuanced expression.
How Formal Is It?
재미있는 사실
The character '概' contains the wood radical '木' because the original leveling tool was made of wood. It symbolizes making things 'even' or 'general'.
발음 가이드
- Pronouncing 'gai' like 'gay'. It should rhyme with 'eye'.
- Using a rising tone instead of a falling tone.
- Mumbling the second syllable.
난이도
Characters are relatively common and easy to recognize.
The character '概' has many strokes and requires practice.
Pronunciation is straightforward for English speakers.
High frequency makes it easy to spot in conversation.
다음에 무엇을 배울까
선수 학습
다음에 배울 것
고급
알아야 할 문법
Adverb Placement
Adverbs like 大概 must precede the verb.
Approximation with '有'
Use '大概有' before numbers.
Softening with '吧'
Add '吧' at the end of a '大概' sentence for politeness.
Negation Order
Place '大概' before '不' or '没'.
Noun Usage
'大概' can follow '个' to mean 'gist'.
수준별 예문
我大概去。
I probably go.
Simple Subject + Adverb + Verb structure.
他大概忘了。
He probably forgot.
Using '大概' to explain a likely reason.
大概五块钱。
Approximately five yuan.
Used before a price for estimation.
大概十个人。
About ten people.
Used before a quantity.
你大概几点来?
About what time will you come?
Used in a question to ask for an estimate.
大概三点钟。
About three o'clock.
Short answer for time estimation.
他大概不在家。
He is probably not at home.
Placement before the negative '不'.
大概吧。
Probably.
Standalone response with a softening particle.
我们大概明天出发。
We will probably set off tomorrow.
Future probability.
这里大概有二十个学生。
There are approximately twenty students here.
Using '有' with a quantity.
这件衣服大概两百块。
This piece of clothing is about 200 yuan.
Price estimation in a full sentence.
他大概还没起床。
He probably hasn't gotten up yet.
Probability with '还没' (not yet).
我大概十分钟后到。
I'll arrive in about ten minutes.
Time duration estimation.
这个大概多少钱?
About how much is this?
Questioning price.
他大概是老师。
He is probably a teacher.
Guessing someone's identity.
大概会下雨吧。
It will probably rain.
Weather prediction.
我明白你的大概意思。
I understand your general meaning.
Used as an adjective/noun for 'general idea'.
他大概已经知道这件事了。
He probably already knows about this.
Probability with '已经' (already).
这个项目大概需要两个月。
This project will probably take two months.
Workplace estimation.
我只记得一个大概。
I only remember the general idea.
Used as a noun with '个'.
大概是因为他太累了。
It's probably because he is too tired.
Explaining a likely cause with '因为'.
大概有百分之五十的机会。
There is approximately a 50% chance.
Statistical estimation.
他大概不会同意我们的计划。
He probably won't agree to our plan.
Negative probability in a professional context.
你能给我讲讲大概的情况吗?
Can you tell me the general situation?
Asking for a summary.
从大概的情况来看,我们的进展不错。
Looking at the general situation, our progress is good.
Using '大概' to summarize a status.
这篇文章的大概内容如下。
The general content of this article is as follows.
Formal introduction of a summary.
大概是因为缺乏沟通,才产生了误会。
It was probably due to a lack of communication that the misunderstanding arose.
Analyzing a complex cause.
他大概是想通过这种方式引起注意。
He is probably trying to attract attention this way.
Interpreting intentions.
这笔费用大概在五千到一万之间。
This cost is approximately between five and ten thousand.
Range estimation.
我们大概还需要讨论一下细节。
We probably still need to discuss the details.
Professional suggestion.
大概这就是他成功的秘诀吧。
Probably this is the secret to his success.
Reflective conclusion.
我大概能想象出当时的场景。
I can probably imagine the scene at that time.
Expressing empathetic imagination.
请你概括一下这本书的大概。
Please summarize the general idea of this book.
Using '大概' as a formal noun for 'summary'.
大概而言,这种现象是由多种因素造成的。
Generally speaking, this phenomenon is caused by multiple factors.
Formal phrase '大概而言' (generally speaking).
他大概已经察觉到了气氛的变化。
He has probably already sensed the change in atmosphere.
Nuanced perception.
这篇文章的大概轮廓已经出来了。
The general outline of this article has already emerged.
Using with '轮廓' (outline).
大概只有经历过的人才能体会其中的艰辛。
Probably only those who have experienced it can appreciate the hardships.
Philosophical reflection.
他的话大概也代表了大多数人的心声。
His words probably also represent the aspirations of most people.
Social commentary.
大概是因为时机还不成熟。
It is probably because the timing is not yet ripe.
Abstract reasoning.
我们只需了解一个大概,不必深究细节。
We only need to understand the general idea; there's no need to dwell on details.
Strategic overview.
这种解释大概只能算是一种权宜之计。
This explanation can probably only be considered a stopgap measure.
High-level critical analysis.
他大概是在用这种含蓄的方式表达不满。
He is probably using this subtle way to express dissatisfaction.
Interpreting indirect communication.
大概这就是所谓的人生无常吧。
Perhaps this is what is called the impermanence of life.
Deep philosophical usage.
大概是因为这种文化根深蒂固,难以改变。
It is probably because this culture is deep-rooted and difficult to change.
Sociological insight.
他的成功大概得益于那种永不言败的精神。
His success is probably due to that never-say-die spirit.
Attributing success to abstract qualities.
大概在那个时候,他就已经萌生了退意。
It was probably at that time that he already had the intention to withdraw.
Historical/Psychological analysis.
大概是因为某种不可抗力的因素。
It is probably due to some force majeure factor.
Using legal/formal terminology.
我们大概可以从以下几个维度来分析这个问题。
We can probably analyze this problem from the following dimensions.
Structuring a complex academic argument.
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
— Probably so. A common soft response.
他会来吗?大概吧。
— To know the gist of something.
我只知道个大概。
— Probably like this; roughly so.
情况大概如此。
— Roughly; just about. (Northern dialect).
弄个大概其就行了。
— Give a general idea/summary.
你先说个大概。
— Probably due to...
大概由于天气原因。
— Probably feels/thinks that...
他大概觉得太贵了。
— Probably won't.
他大概不会来。
— Probably needs/takes...
大概需要三天。
— Probably can; likely possible.
大概可以修好。
자주 혼동되는 단어
大约 is more formal and used mostly for numbers.
可能 means 'maybe' (lower certainty) while 大概 is 'probably' (higher certainty).
也许 is 'perhaps' and sounds more poetic or soft.
관용어 및 표현
— Roughly the same. Used to describe things that are nearly identical.
这两本书的内容大体相同。
Formal— No one can be an exception. (Uses the '概' character).
法律面前,概莫能外。
Literary— To generalize; to treat different things as the same.
我们不能对年轻人一概而论。
Formal— To take a part for the whole; to over-generalize.
你这是以偏概全。
Idiom— Extraordinary spirit or mettle. (Uses '概').
他气概非凡。
Literary— Heroic spirit.
他表现出了英雄气概。
Common— No returns or exchanges (Standard store policy).
特价商品,概不退换。
Business— Not responsible for anything.
遗失物品,概不负责。
Business— To do things carelessly or without attention to detail.
他做事总是大而化之。
Idiom— Careless; sketchy; not detailed.
他这人粗枝大叶的。
Idiom혼동하기 쉬운
Both mean 'about'.
大约 is for numbers; 大概 is for numbers AND probability.
大约三点 (Correct); 他大约忘了 (Incorrect).
Both express uncertainty.
大概 is more certain (70%+) than 可能 (50%).
他大概会来 (Stronger guess).
Both involve guessing.
估计 is a verb (to estimate); 大概 is an adverb.
我估计他会来。
Both mean 'about'.
左右 goes AFTER the number; 大概 goes BEFORE.
十人左右 vs 大概十人。
Both mean 'probably'.
恐怕 implies fear or a negative result.
恐怕要迟到了。
문장 패턴
Subject + 大概 + Verb
他大概去。
大概 + Number + Measure Word
大概五个人。
Subject + 大概 + 还没 + Verb
他大概还没来。
知道 + 个 + 大概
我知道个大概。
大概 + 是因为 + Reason
大概是因为下雨。
大概而言,...
大概而言,他是对的。
大概 + 轮廓/情况
大概的情况是这样的。
大概 + 只能/也算
这大概也算是一种成功。
어휘 가족
명사
동사
형용사
관련
사용법
Extremely high in both spoken and written Chinese.
-
他去大概。
→
他大概去。
Adverbs must precede the verb in Chinese.
-
我大约忘了。
→
我大概忘了。
'大约' is only for numbers, not for probability of events.
-
十个人大概。
→
大概十个人。
'大概' goes before the number; '左右' goes after.
-
我不大概去。
→
我大概不去。
'大概' should come before the negation '不'.
-
大概意思知道我。
→
我知道个大概意思。
Incorrect word order for the noun usage.
팁
Word Order
Always put '大概' before the verb. Never say '他来大概'.
Saving Face
Use '大概' to avoid giving a wrong answer and losing face.
Softening
Add '吧' to the end of your sentence to sound more natural.
Noun Use
Remember that '大概' can mean 'the gist' or 'summary'.
Character Practice
The character '概' is tricky; practice the stroke order of the right side.
Context
If you hear a number after '大概', it means 'about'.
Vs. 可能
Use '大概' when you are fairly sure of your guess.
Estimates
Use '大概' when discussing budgets or timelines to stay flexible.
Northern Flavor
In Beijing, you might hear '大概其' (dàgàiqí).
Probability
Think of '大概' as 80% certainty.
암기하기
기억법
Think of a 'Big (大) Gate (概)'. You are 'probably' going through the 'Big Gate' to get the 'general idea' of the city.
시각적 연상
Imagine a person using a wooden stick to level a pile of rice. They aren't counting every grain; they are just getting a 'general' amount.
Word Web
챌린지
Try to use '大概' in three different ways today: for a time, for a price, and for a reason.
어원
The word consists of '大' (dà), meaning big or great, and '概' (gài), which originally referred to a leveling rod used to level off grain in a measuring vessel.
원래 의미: A general leveling or a broad measure.
Sino-Tibetan문화적 맥락
Be careful not to use '大概' when a boss or teacher asks for a specific, required fact, as it may seem like you didn't do your homework.
English speakers might find '大概' frustratingly vague, but in Chinese, it is a polite necessity.
실생활에서 연습하기
실제 사용 상황
Shopping
- 大概多少钱?
- 大概两百块。
- 大概有折扣吗?
- 大概太贵了。
Meeting Friends
- 大概几点到?
- 大概十分钟。
- 大概在门口。
- 大概不来了。
Work
- 大概需要多久?
- 大概的计划。
- 大概的预算。
- 大概的意思。
Weather
- 大概会下雨。
- 大概很冷。
- 大概没关系。
- 大概转晴。
Cooking
- 大概放多少盐?
- 大概煮五分钟。
- 大概熟了。
- 大概够了。
대화 시작하기
"你大概什么时候有空? (About when are you free?)"
"这顿饭大概要花多少钱? (About how much will this meal cost?)"
"你明白他的大概意思吗? (Do you understand his general meaning?)"
"北京大概有多少人口? (Approximately what is the population of Beijing?)"
"你大概多久回一次家? (About how often do you go home?)"
일기 주제
写一写你大概的周末计划。 (Write about your general weekend plans.)
描述一下你对中国文化的大概印象。 (Describe your general impression of Chinese culture.)
如果你大概有了一百万,你会做什么? (If you had approximately one million, what would you do?)
谈谈你大概的学习目标。 (Talk about your general learning goals.)
回忆一次你大概迟到的经历。 (Recall a time when you were probably late.)
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문No, '大概' is an adverb and must come before the verb. However, you can say '大概吧' as a short response.
'大约' is mostly for numbers and is more formal. '大概' can be used for numbers and for general probability ('probably').
Yes, it is very polite as it avoids being too direct or blunt, which is valued in Chinese culture.
You can say '我只知道个大概' (Wǒ zhǐ zhīdào gè dàgài).
Yes, e.g., '他大概忘了' (He probably forgot).
Yes, it is used to provide summaries or general conclusions.
Both characters are 4th tone (falling): dàgài.
Yes, you can say '大概十个人左右', but it is slightly redundant.
It's closer to 'probably'. '可能' is closer to 'maybe'.
It has a wood radical on the left and '既' on the right.
셀프 테스트 200 질문
Write a sentence using '大概' to say 'He is probably at home.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence using '大概' to estimate the price of a phone (e.g., 3000 yuan).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'I probably won't go to the party.'
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Write a sentence using '大概' as a noun meaning 'gist'.
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Translate: 'There are approximately 100 students in the school.'
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Write a sentence using '大概' to explain a likely reason for being late.
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Translate: 'Generally speaking, this plan is feasible.'
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Write a sentence using '大概' to guess someone's age.
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Translate: 'The general situation is as follows.'
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Write a sentence using '大概' and '吧' to ask a question.
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Translate: 'I can probably imagine that scene.'
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Write a sentence using '大概' to estimate a time duration.
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Translate: 'He probably forgot his keys.'
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Write a sentence using '大概' to describe a high probability event.
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Translate: 'Please tell me the general idea of the book.'
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Write a sentence using '大概' to express uncertainty about a location.
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Translate: 'This is probably the best way.'
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Write a sentence using '大概' to estimate the number of people in a room.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'I probably shouldn't have said that.'
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Write a sentence using '大概' to summarize your day.
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Say 'He probably forgot' in Chinese.
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Say 'About 10 minutes' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'I probably won't go' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'About 100 yuan' in Chinese.
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Say 'He is probably at school' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'Probably so' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'I only know the gist' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'About what time?' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'Probably because of the weather' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'Probably right?' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'About how many people?' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'He probably hasn't arrived' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'The general situation' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'Probably tomorrow' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'I probably can' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'About five o'clock' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'He is probably sleeping' in Chinese.
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Say 'Probably very expensive' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'I understand the general meaning' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Say 'Probably won't rain' in Chinese.
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당신의 답변:
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Listen and identify the word: '大概' (dàgài).
Listen and translate: '他大概来了。'
Listen and translate: '大概有十个。'
Listen and translate: '我只知道个大概。'
Listen and translate: '大概三点。'
Listen and translate: '他大概忘了。'
Listen and translate: '大概两百块。'
Listen and translate: '大概明天见。'
Listen and translate: '他大概不来。'
Listen and translate: '大概是因为太累。'
Listen and translate: '大概几点?'
Listen and translate: '大概多少?'
Listen and translate: '大概吧。'
Listen and translate: '大概的情况。'
Listen and translate: '大概意思。'
/ 200 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
大概 (dàgài) is your go-to word for 'probably' and 'about'. Place it before the verb or number to show you're guessing. Example: 他大概来了 (He's probably arrived).
- Means 'probably' or 'approximately'.
- Used as an adverb before verbs or numbers.
- Can be a noun meaning 'general idea'.
- Essential for polite, indirect communication.
Word Order
Always put '大概' before the verb. Never say '他来大概'.
Saving Face
Use '大概' to avoid giving a wrong answer and losing face.
Softening
Add '吧' to the end of your sentence to sound more natural.
Noun Use
Remember that '大概' can mean 'the gist' or 'summary'.
관련 콘텐츠
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点儿
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有点儿
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一下
A2잠시; 좀 (동사 뒤에 쓰여 어조를 부드럽게 만듭니다).
一点儿
A1조금, 약간. 적은 양이나 정도를 나타냄.
一会儿
A1잠시, 잠깐.
一部分
B1일부분 (일부분); 일부.
异样
B1보통과 다름, 상태가 이상함.
关于
A1~에 관하여' 또는 '~에 대한'을 의미하는 전치사입니다. 주제를 도입하거나 책이나 대화의 내용을 정의할 때 사용됩니다.
快要
A2기차가 곧 역에 도착할 것입니다. 곧 비가 올 것 같으니 우산을 챙기세요.