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A2 noun #2,000 가장 일반적인 8분 분량

河流

heliu
연습하기 예시 노트와 팁 河流 30초 만에
설명 河流 in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are introduced to basic natural elements. '河流' (héliú) is taught as a simple noun meaning 'river'. Students learn to identify it in pictures and use it in very basic sentences like '这是河流' (This is a river). The focus is on recognizing the characters and understanding the fundamental concept of flowing water. Learners might also learn the measure word '条' (tiáo) in a very basic context. At this stage, the distinction between '河' and '河流' is not emphasized; the goal is simply to build a foundational vocabulary of common objects found in nature. Exercises usually involve matching the word to an image of a river or translating simple phrases like 'big river' (大河流).
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At the A2 level, learners begin to use '河流' in more descriptive sentences. They learn to add adjectives like '长' (long), '美' (beautiful), and '清澈' (clear). The use of the measure word '条' becomes more consistent. Students can describe their surroundings, such as '我的家乡有一条河流' (There is a river in my hometown). They also start to encounter '河流' in simple reading passages about travel or geography. The focus shifts from simple identification to basic communication about rivers. Learners are expected to understand that '河流' is a general term and can be used in plural contexts without changing its form. They might also learn basic verbs like '流' (flow) and '看' (look at).
At the B1 level, '河流' is used in more complex contexts, such as environmental discussions or historical narratives. Learners can talk about the importance of rivers to society, such as '河流对农业很重要' (Rivers are very important for agriculture). They begin to use more sophisticated collocations like '河流污染' (river pollution) and '保护河流' (protect rivers). Students can also understand and use '河流' in the context of travel itineraries and geographical descriptions of different countries. Their ability to use the word in compound sentences and to express opinions about river-related issues (like dam building or water conservation) increases. They also start to recognize '河流' in more formal media like news snippets.
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At the B2 level, learners use '河流' with a high degree of accuracy and nuance. They can participate in detailed discussions about hydrology, ecology, and the economic impact of river systems. They understand the difference between '河流', '江', and '溪流' and can choose the most appropriate term for the context. Learners can also use '河流' in metaphorical senses, such as '时间的河流' (the river of time). They are comfortable reading academic or technical texts that use '河流' to describe complex systems. Their vocabulary expands to include related technical terms like '流域' (river basin) and '水文' (hydrology). They can write essays discussing the historical significance of rivers in Chinese civilization.
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At the C1 level, '河流' is used fluently in all contexts, including highly formal, academic, and literary settings. Learners can appreciate the subtle connotations of the word in classical and modern Chinese literature. They can discuss the philosophical implications of rivers as seen in Chinese thought (e.g., Heraclitus's 'you cannot step into the same river twice' or Taoist metaphors of water). Their use of '河流' is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker, incorporating it into complex rhetorical structures and idiomatic expressions. They can analyze the role of '河流' in national identity and regional development, using precise vocabulary and sophisticated grammar to convey nuanced ideas.
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At the C2 level, mastery of '河流' is complete. The learner can use the word in specialized professional fields such as environmental law, civil engineering, or advanced historical research. They can navigate the most complex linguistic environments, from ancient poetic references to modern scientific journals, with ease. The word '河流' becomes a tool for high-level conceptualization and abstract reasoning. They can engage in deep cultural analysis of how rivers have shaped the Chinese psyche and language over millennia. At this level, the learner not only uses the word correctly but also understands its deep etymological roots and its vast array of cultural and literary associations.
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연습하기 예시 노트와 팁

河流 30초 만에

  • 河流 (héliú) is the standard, formal Chinese noun for 'river', used in geography, news, and literature to describe flowing water systems.
  • It requires the measure word '条' (tiáo) and is a compound of 'river' (河) and 'flow' (流), emphasizing movement.
  • While '河' is common in specific names, '河流' is the general category term for all types of rivers and streams.
  • Commonly used with adjectives like 'long' or 'clear' and verbs like 'flow' or 'pollute' in everyday and formal contexts.

The term 河流 (héliú) is a comprehensive noun in Chinese that refers to a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake, or another river. In a linguistic sense, it is a compound word consisting of '河' (hé), which specifically means river (often used for rivers in Northern China), and '流' (liú), which means to flow or a stream. Together, they form a generic, formal term for rivers of all sizes. Understanding 河流 is essential for A2 learners because it moves beyond the simple '河' to a more descriptive and formal classification used in geography, literature, and daily news. In the vast landscape of China, rivers have historically been the lifeblood of civilization, with the Yellow River (黄河) and the Yangtze River (长江) serving as the primary cradles of culture. When you use the word 河流, you are often speaking about the physical entity of the water system rather than just a specific named river. For instance, you might discuss the protection of 河流 (river systems) in an environmental context. The word carries a sense of movement and continuity, reflecting the perpetual cycle of water in nature.

Geographical Scope
Refers to any size of flowing water, from small streams to massive continental arteries.
Formal Tone
Used more in writing, news, and scientific descriptions than the casual '河'.
Compound Structure
Combines the noun for 'river' with the verb 'to flow', emphasizing the dynamic nature of the water.

这里的河流非常清澈，可以看到底部的石头。 (The rivers here are very clear; you can see the stones at the bottom.)

这条河流全长五百公里。 (This river is five hundred kilometers long.)

我们需要保护家乡的河流。 (We need to protect the rivers of our hometown.)

古老的文明通常发源于大河流域。 (Ancient civilizations usually originated in large river basins.)

冬天的河流有时会结冰。 (The rivers sometimes freeze in winter.)

In environmental science, 河流 is a key term for discussing ecology. It encompasses the water, the riverbed, and the surrounding ecosystem. When learning Chinese, mastering this word allows you to describe landscapes more accurately. It is also frequently used in metaphors; for example, the 'river of time' (时间的河流) is a common poetic expression. The character '流' also appears in words like '流行' (popular/flowing) and '流利' (fluent/flowing), which helps learners connect the concept of 'flow' across different contexts. By A2 level, you should be able to identify 河流 in a text and use it to describe basic geography or environmental conditions. It is a stable, high-frequency word that provides a foundation for more advanced geographical and environmental vocabulary in the future.

Using 河流 correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its common collocations. In Chinese, nouns don't change form for plural, so 河流 can mean 'river' or 'rivers' depending on the context. To specify quantity, you must use the measure word 条 (tiáo). For example, '一条河流' (one river) or '这些河流' (these rivers). When describing the characteristics of a river, you often use adjectives like 长 (cháng - long), 宽 (kuān - wide), 深 (shēn - deep), or 清澈 (qīngchè - clear). Verbs that commonly associate with 河流 include 流 (liú - to flow), 跨越 (kuàyuè - to cross/span), and 污染 (wūrǎn - to pollute). For instance, '河流流向大海' (The river flows toward the sea). In more formal or academic writing, you might see terms like '河流动力学' (river dynamics) or '河流治理' (river management). It is important to distinguish 河流 from other water bodies like 湖泊 (húpó - lakes) or 海洋 (hǎiyáng - oceans). While a lake is stationary, a 河流 is defined by its flow. In daily conversation, if you are pointing at a specific river, you might just say '那条河' (that river), but if you are talking about rivers in a general sense or in a textbook, '河流' is the preferred term. For example, '中国有很多著名的河流' (China has many famous rivers). This word is also used in figurative language. You might hear someone talk about the 'river of history' (历史的河流), suggesting a continuous, unstoppable movement. As an A2 learner, focus on using 河流 with basic adjectives and the correct measure word. Practice saying '这条河流很美' (This river is very beautiful) or '我家附近有一条河流' (There is a river near my house). Understanding the 'flow' aspect of the word will also help you remember other related words in Chinese, as the character 流 is very productive.

You will encounter 河流 in various settings, ranging from educational environments to news reports and travel documentaries. In a classroom or textbook, 河流 is a staple of geography lessons. Teachers will use it to explain how water moves through the landscape and how it supports agriculture. In the news, you might hear it during weather reports, especially when discussing floods (洪水) or droughts (干旱). For example, '受大雨影响，多条河流的水位上涨' (Affected by heavy rain, the water levels of many rivers have risen). Travel guides and documentaries frequently use 河流 to describe the natural beauty of a region. You might hear a narrator say, '这条河流孕育了当地的文化' (This river nurtured the local culture). In literature and poetry, 河流 often symbolizes the passage of time or the journey of life. Even in pop songs, rivers are used as metaphors for emotions that flow or distance that separates lovers. In urban planning discussions, you might hear about '河流景观' (river landscapes) or '河流修复' (river restoration). If you are hiking or traveling in rural China, signs might point towards a 河流 for scenic views. Understanding this word helps you navigate both physical spaces and intellectual discussions about nature and the environment. It is a word that bridges the gap between simple everyday objects and more complex scientific or literary concepts. Whether you are reading a map, listening to a weather forecast, or enjoying a poem, 河流 is a word that will frequently appear, providing essential context for the world around you.

One of the most common mistakes for learners is using the wrong measure word for 河流. Many beginners default to '个' (gè), saying '一个河流', which is grammatically incorrect. The correct measure word is always '条' (tiáo), which is used for long, flexible, or narrow things like snakes, pants, and rivers. Another common error is confusing 河流 with other water-related words like 湖 (hú - lake) or 溪 (xī - stream). Remember that 河流 implies a significant flow and size, whereas a 溪 is much smaller and a 湖 is a standing body of water. Some learners also struggle with the difference between '河' and '河流'. While they are often interchangeable, '河' is more likely to be used in the specific name of a river (e.g., 黄河, 淮河) or in very casual speech, while '河流' is the general noun for the category. You wouldn't say '黄河流', you would say '黄河'. Conversely, in a sentence like 'We must protect our rivers', using '河流' (我们需要保护我们的河流) sounds much more natural and professional than just '河'. Additionally, learners sometimes mispronounce the second tone in '河' (hé) and '流' (liú). Both are rising tones, and failing to get the pitch right can make the word sound like '合留' or other unrelated sounds. Finally, avoid using 河流 when you mean a 'current' or 'stream' in a non-water context, such as an 'electric current' (电流) or 'airflow' (气流), although they share the character '流'. Focus on the physical watercourse to stay accurate.

To truly master 河流, it's helpful to compare it with related terms. The most direct synonym is 河 (hé), which is the shorter, more common version used in names and casual speech. However, in Southern China, the word 江 (jiāng) is often used instead of 河. For example, the Yangtze River is '长江' (Chángjiāng). Generally, '江' refers to larger, more significant rivers, while '河' can be any size, but this is also a regional preference (North vs. South). Another similar word is 溪流 (xīliú), which means a small stream or brook. If a river is particularly small, 溪流 is more appropriate. 水道 (shuǐdào) refers to a waterway or channel, often implying a path used for navigation. 水系 (shuǐxì) is a more technical term meaning a 'river system' or 'drainage system,' used in geography to describe a main river and all its tributaries. 干流 (gànliú) refers to the main stream of a river, while 支流 (zhīliú) refers to a tributary. For standing water, you have 湖泊 (húpó - lake) and 池塘 (chítáng - pond). Understanding these distinctions helps you be more precise. For instance, if you are describing a tiny flow of water in the mountains, '溪流' sounds much more native than '河流'. If you are talking about the massive Pearl River, '珠江' (using 江) is the correct name. By learning these related words, you build a semantic web that makes it easier to remember and use '河流' in the right context.

How Formal Is It?

난이도

쓰기 3/5

알아야 할 문법

Measure words for long objects

Existence sentences with 有

Comparison with 比

Directional verbs

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수준별 예문

1

这是一条河流。

This is a river.

Uses the measure word '条' (tiáo) for long objects.

2

河流很大。

The river is big.

Simple Subject + Adjective structure.

3

我喜欢河流。

I like rivers.

Basic Subject + Verb + Object.

4

河流里有鱼。

There are fish in the river.

Location phrase '河流里' (in the river).

5

那是河流吗？

Is that a river?

Question with '吗'.

6

河流是蓝色的。

The river is blue.

Subject + 是 + Noun/Adjective phrase.

7

看那条河流。

Look at that river.

Imperative sentence with '看'.

8

河流很长。

The river is very long.

Use of '很' (hěn) as a linker for adjectives.

1

这条河流非常清澈。

This river is very clear.

Use of '非常' (fēicháng) for emphasis.

2

我家旁边有一条小河流。

There is a small river next to my house.

Existence sentence with '有'.

3

我们去河流边散步吧。

Let's go for a walk by the river.

Suggestion using '吧'.

4

那条河流流向南方。

That river flows towards the south.

Directional verb '流向'.

5

这里的河流很美。

The rivers here are beautiful.

Noun phrase '这里的河流'.

6

河流的水很凉快。

The river water is very cool.

Possessive structure '河流的水'.

7

不要在河流里游泳。

Don't swim in the river.

Negative imperative '不要'.

8

这条河流比那条长。

This river is longer than that one.

Comparison structure 'A 比 B + Adj'.

1

为了保护环境，我们不能污染河流。

To protect the environment, we cannot pollute rivers.

Purpose clause '为了...'.

2

这条河流是当地人的水源。

This river is the water source for the local people.

Defining a role with '是'.

3

因为下大雨，河流的水位升高了。

Because of heavy rain, the river's water level has risen.

Cause and effect '因为...所以...' (implied).

4

很多古老的城市都建在河流附近。

Many ancient cities were built near rivers.

Passive/State description with '建在'.

5

这条河流跨越了三个省份。

This river spans across three provinces.

Verb '跨越' (to span/cross).

6

我们在河流上建了一座桥。

We built a bridge over the river.

Resultative verb '建了'.

7

河流的流动带走了泥沙。

The flow of the river carried away the silt.

Abstract noun '流动' (flow).

8

这条河流在冬天会结冰。

This river freezes in winter.

Habitual action with '会'.

1

河流的生态系统非常脆弱。

The river's ecosystem is very fragile.

Complex noun phrase '生态系统'.

2

政府正在制定治理河流的计划。

The government is developing a plan to manage the rivers.

Progressive aspect '正在'.

3

这条河流的干流全长三千公里。

The main stream of this river is 3,000 kilometers long.

Technical term '干流' (main stream).

4

河流的改道影响了周边的农田。

The diversion of the river affected the surrounding farmland.

Noun '改道' (diversion/change of course).

5

这些河流共同构成了该地区的水系。

These rivers together constitute the water system of the region.

Verb '构成' (to constitute/form).

6

通过河流运输货物成本较低。

Transporting goods via rivers has lower costs.

Prepositional phrase '通过...'.

7

河流的干涸导致了严重的旱灾。

The drying up of the river led to a severe drought.

Noun '干涸' (drying up).

8

我们需要研究河流的水文特征。

We need to study the hydrological characteristics of the river.

Academic term '水文特征'.

1

河流在人类文明史上扮演了至关重要的角色。

Rivers have played a vital role in the history of human civilization.

Idiomatic structure '扮演...角色'.

2

诗人们常把时间比作奔腾不息的河流。

Poets often compare time to a restlessly surging river.

Comparison structure '把...比作'.

3

这条河流见证了这座城市的兴衰。

This river has witnessed the rise and fall of this city.

Personification with '见证' (witness).

4

河流的自净能力是有限的。

The self-purification capacity of rivers is limited.

Technical term '自净能力'.

5

由于过度开发，这条河流的流量锐减。

Due to over-exploitation, the flow of this river has decreased sharply.

Formal adverb '锐减' (sharp decrease).

6

河流蜿蜒穿过崇山峻岭。

The river winds through high mountains and lofty peaks.

Literary verb '蜿蜒' (to wind/meander).

7

我们要实现河流的可持续利用。

We need to achieve the sustainable use of rivers.

Formal term '可持续利用'.

8

这条河流的支流遍布整个盆地。

The tributaries of this river are spread throughout the entire basin.

Verb '遍布' (to be spread all over).

1

河流的地貌演变是一个漫长的地质过程。

The geomorphic evolution of rivers is a long geological process.

Scientific term '地貌演变'.

2

该论文探讨了河流泥沙输移的力学机制。

The paper explores the mechanical mechanisms of river sediment transport.

Academic structure '探讨...机制'.

3

河流的伦理价值在现代生态哲学中愈发凸显。

The ethical value of rivers is becoming increasingly prominent in modern eco-philosophy.

Abstract noun '伦理价值'.

4

跨国河流的水权分配往往引发复杂的国际争端。

The allocation of water rights for transboundary rivers often triggers complex international disputes.

Political term '水权分配'.

5

河流的季节性径流变化对下游生态系统至关重要。

Seasonal runoff variations of rivers are crucial for downstream ecosystems.

Technical term '径流' (runoff).

6

通过对河流沉积物的分析，科学家可以还原古代气候。

By analyzing river sediments, scientists can reconstruct ancient climates.

Methodological phrase '通过对...的分析'.

7

河流治理需兼顾防洪、供水与生态修复的多重目标。

River management needs to balance the multiple objectives of flood control, water supply, and ecological restoration.

Formal verb '兼顾' (to give consideration to both).

8

河流的脉动反映了地球生命的律动。

The pulsation of rivers reflects the rhythm of Earth's life.

Metaphorical use of '脉动' (pulsation).

자주 쓰는 조합

保护河流
污染河流
河流治理
河流干涸
河流流向
河流长度
跨越河流
治理河流
清澈的河流
宽阔的河流

자주 쓰는 구문

大河流域
河流两岸
河流上游
河流下游
河流中游
河流之源
河流网络
河流生态
河流景观
河流修复

자주 혼동되는 단어

河流 vs 湖 (lake)

河流 vs 海 (sea)

河流 vs 溪 (stream)

관용어 및 표현

"海纳百川"
"饮水思源"
"如鱼得水"
"川流不息"
"百川归海"
"跋山涉水"
"顺水推舟"
"水到渠成"
"细水长流"
"青山绿水"

혼동하기 쉬운

河流 vs 江

河流 vs 湖

河流 vs 海

河流 vs 溪

河流 vs 水库

문장 패턴

무료 가입하고 모든 예문 보기

사용법

Names

Don't add '流' to specific river names (e.g., don't say '黄河流').

Plurality

Indicated by context or words like '很多' or '这些'.

Formal vs Casual

河流 is more formal than just 河.

자주 하는 실수

  • Incorrect measure word.

  • Don't add '流' to specific river names.

  • While '清' is okay, '清澈' is more natural for rivers.

  • Usually we say the 'river water' (河水) is flowing.

  • Rivers flow; lakes are still.

팁

Measure Word Mastery

Always pair 河流 with 条. It's a common test point for A2 learners.

North vs South

Remember that Northern rivers are often called 河 and Southern ones 江.

No Plurals

Don't look for a plural suffix; '这些河流' means 'these rivers'.

Tone Rise

Both characters rise in pitch. Practice 'hé' and 'liú' together.

Character Parts

Both characters have the water radical (氵) on the left.

General vs Specific

Use 河流 for the concept, but the specific name for a real river.

Context Clues

If you hear 'tiáo', a river or road is likely coming next.

Descriptive Flow

Use '清澈' (clear) to sound more like a native speaker when describing rivers.

Geography Focus

You'll see this word often in maps and travel brochures.

Visual Link

The three dots in the radical represent water drops.

암기하기

어원

문화적 맥락

Flowing water symbolizes the continuous passage of time.

The Yellow River is considered the cradle of Chinese civilization.

In the North, '河' is more common; in the South, '江' is often used.

실생활에서 연습하기

실제 사용 상황

대화 시작하기

"你家乡有河流吗？"

"你喜欢在河流边散步吗？"

"你知道中国最长的河流是什么吗？"

"你觉得这条河流清澈吗？"

"我们去那条河流钓鱼吧？"

일기 주제

描述你见过最美的一条河流。

如果河流会说话，它会说什么？

写一写河流对人类的重要性。

描述一次在河流边的旅行。

你认为我们应该如何保护河流？

자주 묻는 질문

10 질문

The measure word is 条 (tiáo), used for long and thin things.

No, that is incorrect. You should say 一条河流.

河 is more casual and used in names; 河流 is the formal, general noun.

Yes, 长江 is a specific river, and it belongs to the category of 河流.

You can say 河岸 (hé'àn) or 河流两岸 (héliú liǎng'àn).

Usually, yes, as it flows across land towards the sea.

No, it is strictly a noun. The verb for flow is 流.

No, 溪流 refers to a smaller stream, while 河流 is a general or larger river.

河流被污染了 (Héliú bèi wūrǎn le).

The Yellow River (黄河) and the Yangtze River (长江).

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셀프 테스트 180 질문

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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