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영어 12:35 TED Talks

A Surprisingly Effective Way to Fight Misinformation | Dave Jorgenson | TED

TED · 18,062 조회수 · 추가됨 3주 전

자막 (290 세그먼트)

00:03

I'm Dave.

00:05

I've spent pretty much my entire adult life

00:08

working in video journalism and media.

00:10

But what is media, and what forms does it take?

00:13

Let me show you an example.

00:15

This is quipu.

00:17

It was used by the Incas in South America.

00:19

It’s a system of knots and strings.

00:22

And every knot, the shapes, the colors, dimensions, numbers,

00:25

all of it works together to tell a story.

00:29

I can't make heads or tails of that.

00:31

I don't know if you can imagine something like that today on social media,

00:34

but just to put that as an image, this is what it might look like.

00:37

This is actually the first chapter of "Twilight."

00:40

But while you and I may not understand quipu or how it works,

00:44

this is a form of media.

00:45

And let me give you another example of media, from across the pond,

00:49

in around 370 BC.

00:52

So Plato wrote this story where he was imagining a conversation

00:56

with his real-life teacher, Socrates, and a student, Phaedrus.

01:01

Sorry, this is kind of hard to read, let me fix.

01:04

That's better.

01:05

(Laughter)

01:07

Can everyone understand it now?

01:09

Just to translate it for you,

01:10

eventually, the conversation veers into a debate about speech-giving,

01:15

or whether or not you should do it.

01:16

Kind of like TED moderators deciding whether or not I should be at this event.

01:20

(Laughter)

01:21

Spoiler alert -- I'm here.

01:24

So I think I'm supposed to be.

01:27

The conversation eventually veers into another part,

01:31

where Plato, as Socrates,

01:33

says that the written word is actually bad,

01:37

that it could be misinterpreted and taken out of context.

01:40

So, in other words, people have always been afraid of media

01:43

and how it could be manipulated.

01:47

(Laughter)

01:48

So hundreds of years later,

01:50

one of the first films ever come out, black and white, it’s a train platform.

01:55

This is a French film, so these are French people and a French train.

01:58

That train is coming really fast.

02:01

Duck.

02:02

(Laughter)

02:04

Do you guys see ...?

02:06

Oh, OK. It was coming right at us.

02:10

Anyway, rumor has it that's how people reacted to it

02:14

when they first saw it in theaters.

02:15

They jumped out of the way.

02:18

(Laughter)

02:20

Very scary.

02:21

We just weren't ready for that type of media yet.

02:24

Decades later, in 1938,

02:26

there was a radio broadcast that scared a lot of Americans.

02:30

Here's a snippet of it.

02:31

(Recording) Ladies and gentlemen,

02:33

we interrupt our program ... to bring you a special bulletin

02:36

from the Intercontinental Radio News.

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