قِيَاس

A defect, imbalance, or disorder in a system, process, or structure. It often describes a failure in the normal functioning of something.

The action of spreading something widely; distribution or diffusion. Often used in TOEFL regarding the spread of diseases, ideas, or species.

The power or ability to do work; also refers to physical resources like electricity, oil, or solar power used for fuel.

The process of observing, monitoring, or tracking something over time, often for scientific or statistical purposes.

To penetrate deeply, seep through, or permeate into something gradually.

The process of proving that something is true, accurate, or real. It is a fundamental step in scientific experiments and legal investigations.

The quality of being similar or identical in form or character; symmetry or resemblance. Often used in geometry, biology, and comparative studies.

A statement about what will happen or might happen in the future, based on data, evidence, or observation. Common in scientific and meteorological contexts.

The process of developing or unfolding; gradual growth or advancement. In biological contexts, it refers specifically to evolution.