A1 Verb Conjugation 1 min read 简单

Irregular Verb 'Идвам' (To Come)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The verb 'идвам' means 'to come' and is irregular because it changes its stem slightly in the present tense.

  • Use 'идвам' for movement towards the speaker: 'Аз идвам тук' (I am coming here).
  • The stem changes from 'идва-' to 'ид-' in some forms: 'Ние идваме' vs 'Те идват'.
  • Always pair with the correct personal pronoun to ensure clarity in conversation.
Subject + идвам/идваш/идва/идваме/идвате/идват + (Location/Direction)

Conjugation of 'Идвам'

Pronoun Bulgarian English
Аз
идвам
I come
Ти
идваш
You come
Той/Тя/То
идва
He/She/It comes
Ние
идваме
We come
Вие
идвате
You come
Те
идват
They come

Meanings

The verb 'идвам' is the primary Bulgarian verb for 'to come' or 'to arrive'. It indicates movement directed towards the speaker or a specific destination.

1

Physical movement

Moving towards a location or person.

“Той идва у дома.”

“Идваме веднага.”

2

Future arrival

Indicating something will happen or someone will appear.

“Пролетта идва.”

“Автобусът идва след пет минути.”

3

Social invitation

Asking or confirming attendance.

“Идваш ли на партито?”

“Идваме ли утре?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Irregular Verb 'Идвам' (To Come)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subject + Verb
Аз идвам.
Negative
Не + Verb
Не идвам.
Question
Verb + ли
Идваш ли?
Negative Question
Не + Verb + ли
Не идваш ли?
Plural
Subject + Verb
Ние идваме.
Past (Reference)
Verb + L-participle
Идвах (I was coming)

正式程度

正式
Ще присъствате ли?

Ще присъствате ли? (Invitation)

中性
Идвате ли?

Идвате ли? (Invitation)

非正式
Идваш ли?

Идваш ли? (Invitation)

俚语
Идваш ли, бе?

Идваш ли, бе? (Invitation)

The 'Идвам' Concept

Идвам

Movement

  • към мен towards me

Time

  • бъдеще future

Social

  • покана invitation

Идвам vs Отивам

Идвам (Towards)
Идвам тук I come here
Отивам (Away)
Отивам там I go there

Deciding to use Идвам

1

Is movement towards you?

YES
Use Идвам
NO
Use Отивам

Usage Scenarios

🎉

Social

  • • Parties
  • • Meetings
  • • Dates
🚗

Travel

  • • Bus
  • • Train
  • • Walking

按水平分级的例句

1

Аз идвам сега.

I am coming now.

2

Идваш ли с мен?

Are you coming with me?

3

Той идва тук.

He is coming here.

4

Ние идваме утре.

We are coming tomorrow.

1

Не идвам на партито.

I am not coming to the party.

2

Вие идвате ли с нас?

Are you coming with us?

3

Те идват от София.

They are coming from Sofia.

4

Идва време за обяд.

It's time for lunch.

1

Идвам веднага, само да се облека.

I'm coming right away, just let me get dressed.

2

Кога идва автобусът?

When is the bus coming?

3

Ако идваш, обади ми се.

If you are coming, call me.

4

Всички идват на срещата.

Everyone is coming to the meeting.

1

Идва ми наум една идея.

An idea is coming to my mind.

2

Не ми идва на ум името му.

His name isn't coming to my mind.

3

Идвате ли в офиса утре?

Are you coming to the office tomorrow?

4

Зимата идва със студ.

Winter is coming with cold.

1

Идва ми малко в повече.

It's becoming a bit too much for me.

2

Това не идва от нищото.

This doesn't come from nowhere.

3

Идва време за равносметка.

The time for reflection is coming.

4

Те идват да ни помогнат.

They are coming to help us.

1

Идва ми да изкрещя.

I feel like screaming.

2

Всичко идва от възпитанието.

Everything stems from upbringing.

3

Идва ли краят на ерата?

Is the end of the era coming?

4

Не идва на предвид това.

That is not being considered.

容易混淆

Irregular Verb 'Идвам' (To Come) 对比 Идвам vs Отивам

Both mean movement but have different perspectives.

Irregular Verb 'Идвам' (To Come) 对比 Идвам vs Пристигам

Both mean to arrive/come.

Irregular Verb 'Идвам' (To Come) 对比 Идвам vs Връщам се

Both involve movement.

常见错误

✗

Аз отивам тук.

✓

Аз идвам тук.

Use 'идвам' for movement towards the speaker.
✗

Ти идва.

✓

Ти идваш.

Incorrect conjugation for 'ти'.
✗

Идвам ли?

✓

Идваш ли?

Wrong person in the question.
✗

Ние идват.

✓

Ние идваме.

Wrong plural ending.
✗

Идвам утре.

✓

Ще дойда утре.

Using present for future is okay, but 'ще дойда' is more precise.
✗

Той идва при мен.

✓

Той идва при мен.

Actually correct, but often confused with 'отива при мен'.
✗

Идваш ли с мен?

✓

Идваш ли с мен?

Correct, but often learners use 'към мен' which is wrong.
✗

Идва ми да плача.

✓

Идва ми да плача.

Correct, but often learners don't know this idiom.
✗

Това идва от...

✓

Това произлиза от...

Sometimes 'произлиза' is better for origin.
✗

Идвам от работа.

✓

Прибирам се от работа.

More natural to say 'I am returning' than 'I am coming'.
✗

Идвам на предвид.

✓

Имам предвид.

Learners mix 'идвам' with 'имам'.
✗

Идва времето.

✓

Настъпва времето.

More formal/literary.
✗

Идвам до извода.

✓

Стигам до извода.

Collocation error.
✗

Идвам на среща.

✓

Отивам на среща.

If you are going to a meeting, it's 'отивам'.

句型

Аз ___ при теб.

___ ли с нас?

Те ___ от София.

Идва ми ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Идвам след 5 мин!

Social Media common

Идвате ли на събитието?

Job Interview occasional

Кога идва времето за отговор?

Travel common

Автобусът идва сега.

Food Delivery common

Поръчката идва ли?

Phone Call common

Идвам, не затваряй.

💡

Focus on Perspective

Always ask: is the movement towards me? If yes, use 'идвам'.
⚠️

Don't mix with 'отивам'

Mixing these up is the #1 mistake for beginners.
🎯

Use in idioms

Learn 'идва ми наум' to sound more native.
💬

Be polite

Use 'Идвате ли?' when inviting someone formally.

Smart Tips

Visualize yourself as the destination.

Отивам тук. → Идвам тук.

Use 'идвам' for abstract concepts like time.

Времето е тук. → Времето идва.

Use 'ще дойда' instead of 'идвам' for future plans.

Идвам утре. → Ще дойда утре.

Memorize the plural forms separately.

Ние идваме. → Ние идваме.

发音

EE-dvam

Stress

The stress is on the first syllable: 'И-двам'.

Question

Идваш ли? ↗

Rising intonation at the end.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'I-d-v-a-m' as 'I-d-v-a-m' (I do come).

视觉联想

Imagine a magnet pulling you towards a friend. The magnet is the 'Идвам' verb.

Rhyme

Когато някой идва при мен, аз съм щастлив през целия ден.

Story

Maria is at the cafe. She waits for Ivan. She says, 'Идваш ли?' Ivan replies, 'Идвам!' They meet and have coffee.

Word Web

идванепристигамотивамдвижениепосокасреща

挑战

Write 5 sentences using 'идвам' about your plans for the weekend.

文化笔记

Bulgarians are very hospitable. 'Идвам' is often used to confirm attendance at dinner parties.

In Sofia, people often use 'идвам' to mean 'I am on my way'.

In rural areas, 'идвам' is used more literally for physical travel between villages.

Derived from Proto-Slavic *idti.

对话开场白

“

Идваш ли на кафе?

“

Кой идва с нас?

“

Идва ли ти наум нещо?

“

Защо идваш толкова късно?

日记主题

Write about your plans for the weekend using 'идвам'.
Describe a time someone came to visit you.
Discuss the arrival of a new season.
Reflect on a time you felt overwhelmed.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct form of 'идвам'.

Аз ___ тук.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: идвам
First person singular is 'идвам'.
Choose the correct verb. 多项选择

Той ___ при мен.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: идва
Third person singular is 'идва'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ние идват.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ние идваме
First person plural is 'идваме'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Идваш ли с мен?
Standard question structure.
Translate to Bulgarian. 翻译

Are you coming?

Answer starts with: Идв...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Идваш ли?
Standard question for 'you'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Идваш ли? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Да, идвам.
Responding to 'you' with 'I'.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Те / идват / утре.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Те идват утре.
Correct word order.
Sort the forms. Grammar Sorting

Which is plural?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: идват
'идват' is 3rd person plural.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form of 'идвам'.

Аз ___ тук.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: идвам
First person singular is 'идвам'.
Choose the correct verb. 多项选择

Той ___ при мен.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: идва
Third person singular is 'идва'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ние идват.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ние идваме
First person plural is 'идваме'.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

ли / идваш / с / мен / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Идваш ли с мен?
Standard question structure.
Translate to Bulgarian. 翻译

Are you coming?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Идваш ли?
Standard question for 'you'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Идваш ли? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Да, идвам.
Responding to 'you' with 'I'.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

Те / идват / утре.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Те идват утре.
Correct word order.
Sort the forms. Grammar Sorting

Which is plural?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: идват
'идват' is 3rd person plural.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

No, it is irregular because the stem changes in the plural.

When moving towards the speaker.

Add 'ли' after the verb.

Perspective: towards vs away.

Yes, often with time markers.

It is neutral and used in all registers.

Because the conjugation rules are specific.

Yes, it is common.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Venir

Bulgarian has a more complex aspect system.

French high

Venir

French uses 'venir' with 'de' for origin, while Bulgarian uses 'от'.

German high

Kommen

German has a different word order in sentences.

Japanese moderate

Kuru

Bulgarian conjugates for person, Japanese does not.

Arabic moderate

Ja'a

Arabic is root-based, Bulgarian is suffix-based.

Chinese low

Lai

Chinese verbs do not conjugate.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Irregular Verb 'Отивам' (To Go)
Next
Irregular Verb 'Давам' (To Give)

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Verb Conjugation: -а/-я Group (Present Tense)
A1

Irregular Verb 'Взимам' (To Take)
A1

Verb Conjugation: -е Group (Present Tense)
A1

Verb Conjugation: -и Group (Present Tense)
A1

Irregular Verb 'Отивам' (To Go)
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