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B2 noun 10 دقیقه مطالعه

bøde

مثال‌ها bøde در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح bøde in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that a 'bøde' is a fine, something you pay if you do something wrong. You might hear it if you park your bike in the wrong place or forget to pay for a bus ticket. It is a simple noun: 'en bøde'. You can say 'Jeg har en bøde' or 'Bøden er dyr' (The fine is expensive). Focus on the connection between breaking a rule and paying money. Don't worry about complex legal terms yet. Just remember that it is an 'n-word' (fælleskøn), so you use 'en' and '-en'. It is a very useful word because it appears on signs and in basic conversations about rules in Denmark. You will often see it in the context of 'parkering' (parking) or 'bibliotek' (library). Even at this early stage, knowing 'bøde' helps you understand that there are consequences for actions in a Danish context.
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At the A2 level, you should start using 'bøde' with basic verbs like 'at få' (to get) and 'at betale' (to pay). You can describe why you got the fine using 'for'. For example: 'Jeg fik en bøde for at køre for stærkt' (I got a fine for driving too fast). You should also recognize common compound words like 'fartbøde' (speeding fine) and 'parkeringsbøde' (parking fine). At this level, you can understand simple signs that mention 'bøde' and you can explain to a friend that you had a bad day because you received one. You should also be aware that 'bøden' is the definite form. You might start to notice that 'bøde' is different from 'pris' (price) or 'regning' (bill), as it specifically implies a penalty. Understanding the amount using 'på' is also helpful: 'En bøde på 500 kroner'.
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At the B1 level, you can use 'bøde' in more complex sentences and understand its role in society. You can discuss the fairness of fines and use the word in the plural 'bøder'. You should be able to distinguish between a 'bøde' and a 'kontrolafgift' (even if people use them interchangeably in slang). You can use verbs like 'at udskrive' (to issue) when talking about what the police do. For example: 'Politiet udskriver mange bøder i denne uge'. You also start to encounter the verb 'at bøde', meaning to pay or atone for something, often used with 'for'. Example: 'Han måtte bøde for sin uforsigtighed' (He had to pay for his carelessness). Your vocabulary is expanding to include words like 'bødestørrelse' (the size of the fine) and 'bødeforlæg' (the fine notice). You can participate in a discussion about whether fines for speeding should be higher or lower.
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At the B2 level, you have a solid grasp of 'bøde' in both legal and metaphorical contexts. You understand that 'bøde' is a specific legal sanction and can use it correctly in formal writing. You are familiar with terms like 'dagsbøder' (day-fines) and how they are calculated based on income. You can use the word 'sanktion' as a synonym in more academic or professional discussions. You understand the nuance of 'at vedtage en bøde', which means to accept the fine without going to court. You can also use the word metaphorically with ease: 'Virksomheden måtte bøde for sit dårlige ry' (The company had to pay for its bad reputation). You are aware of the common mistakes, such as using 'for' instead of 'på' for the amount, and you can correct yourself. Your understanding of the word reflects a deeper knowledge of the Danish legal system and social norms.
At the C1 level, your use of 'bøde' is nuanced and precise. You can distinguish between 'bøde', 'mulkt', 'pengebod', and 'administrativt retlig sanktion'. You understand the historical etymology of the word and how it relates to the concept of 'bød' (amends). You can follow complex legal news about 'millionbøder' and 'konkurrencebøder' (competition fines) and explain the implications for the market. You are comfortable using the word in professional legal or administrative Danish. You can discuss the philosophy of punishment—whether a 'bøde' serves as a sufficient deterrent (præventiv virkning). You also use the verb 'at bøde' in sophisticated literary or rhetorical ways. Your grasp of collocations is near-native, and you can use the word effectively to convey authority or precision in your arguments about law, ethics, or social policy.
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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery of 'bøde' and all its related forms. You can interpret the most complex legal texts where 'bøde' is mentioned alongside other penalties like 'hæfte' or 'fængsel'. You understand the subtle differences in how 'bøde' is applied in different branches of law (e.g., tax law vs. traffic law). You can use the word in high-level academic writing or legal briefs. You are also aware of the cultural history of the word, from the Viking 'mandebod' to modern-day income-adjusted fines. You can use the word 'bøde' and its derivatives to express subtle shades of meaning in any register, from the most formal state ceremony to the most casual street slang. Your understanding is not just linguistic but also deeply cultural, recognizing how 'bøden' functions as a tool for maintaining the Danish 'samfundskontrakt' (social contract).
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مثال‌ها

bøde در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • A 'bøde' is a financial penalty for breaking a rule or law in Denmark.
  • Common examples include speeding tickets, parking fines, and library late fees.
  • It is a common gender noun (en bøde) and can also be used as a verb (at bøde).
  • Fines in Denmark can be fixed amounts or income-based 'day-fines' (dagsbøder).

In the Danish language, the word bøde refers to a monetary penalty imposed as a punishment for an offense, typically a legal or administrative one. Whether you are dealing with a minor traffic violation or a significant corporate breach, the term remains the central descriptor for the financial consequence of breaking a rule. Understanding this word is essential for navigating daily life in Denmark, as the country has a highly structured system of rules, and 'bøder' are the primary tool for enforcement in non-criminal or minor criminal matters.

Legal Context
A 'bøde' is legally distinct from a 'gebyr' (fee). While a fee is a payment for a service, a fine is a punitive measure. In the Danish judicial system, fines can be administrative (issued by an authority like the tax office) or judicial (issued by a court).
Daily Life
Most Danes encounter this word in the context of 'fartbøder' (speeding fines) or 'parkeringsbøder' (parking tickets). It is also commonly used in public transport if you are caught without a valid ticket, although technically that is often called a 'kontrolafgift'.
Severity Levels
The term covers everything from a 500 DKK library fine to multi-million kroner fines for international corporations. The word implies a debt to society or an institution following a transgression.

Politiet udskrev en bøde på 2.500 kroner for at tale i telefon under kørslen.

The police issued a fine of 2,500 kroner for using a phone while driving.

The word is also used as a verb, 'at bøde', which historically meant to repair or make amends. In modern usage, 'at bøde for noget' means to pay the price for something, often metaphorically. For instance, 'han måtte bøde for sine fejl' (he had to pay for his mistakes). This dual nature—both a physical bill and a moral concept of atonement—gives the word a weight that goes beyond simple finances. When a Dane says 'Det kommer du til at bøde for', they are issuing a stern warning that there will be consequences for your actions.

Hvis du ikke afleverer bogen til tiden, skal du betale en bøde.

Furthermore, Denmark utilizes a system called 'dagsbøder' (day-fines) for certain offenses. This means the size of the 'bøde' is calculated based on your daily income, ensuring that the punishment is felt equally by both the wealthy and those with lower incomes. This reflects the Nordic focus on social equity and justice. In professional settings, companies might face 'administrative bøder' if they fail to comply with GDPR or environmental regulations. Thus, the word spans from the mundane library book to the highest levels of international law.

Firmaet fik en enorm bøde for brud på GDPR-reglerne.

Han fik en bøde for at køre uden cykellygter i mørket.

Det er surt at få en bøde lige før ferien.

Using 'bøde' correctly involves knowing which verbs commonly pair with it. In Danish, you don't just 'get' a fine; you can 'modtage' (receive), 'få' (get), 'betale' (pay), or 'vedtage' (accept/agree to pay) a fine. The most common verb for the authority issuing the fine is 'at udskrive' or 'at give'. For example, 'Politiet udskrev en bøde' (The police issued a fine). If you are the one who has to pay, you would say 'Jeg har fået en bøde'.

Common Verbs
At få (to get), at betale (to pay), at udskrive (to issue), at pålægge (to impose), at vedtage (to accept/pay without court).
Compound Words
Fartbøde (speeding), parkeringsbøde (parking), biblioteksbøde (library), skattebøde (tax fine).

Han valgte at vedtage bøden for at undgå en retssag.

When discussing the size of the fine, we use the preposition 'på'. 'En bøde på 500 kroner' is the standard way to express the amount. You should avoid saying 'en bøde af 500 kroner', which is a common mistake for English speakers translating 'of' literally. Additionally, the word can be used in the plural 'bøder' to refer to multiple fines or the general concept of fines. 'Bøderne i Danmark er steget markant de seneste år' (Fines in Denmark have increased significantly in recent years).

Hvor meget er bøden for at køre uden sele?

In a more formal or legal context, you might see the word 'bødeforlæg'. This is the document you receive that details the fine and gives you the option to pay it to settle the matter. If you 'nægter at betale' (refuse to pay), the case might go to court. Another important distinction is 'bødestraf', which literally means 'fine punishment', used to emphasize that the fine is the sentence for a crime. Understanding these nuances helps in both casual conversation and formal correspondence with Danish authorities.

Mange studerende glemmer at betale deres bøder til biblioteket.

Der er ingen vej udenom; bøden skal betales inden mandag.

You will encounter the word 'bøde' in various settings in Denmark, ranging from the very formal to the quite mundane. In the news (nyhederne), you will often hear about 'millionbøder' (million-kroner fines) given to banks or tech giants. Journalists use the term to describe the outcome of regulatory investigations. On the street, you might hear a frustrated driver exclaiming, 'Jeg har lige fået en parkeringsbøde!' (I just got a parking fine!).

Public Transport
While DSB (Danish State Railways) uses the term 'kontrolafgift', most people colloquially refer to it as a 'bøde' when they are caught without a ticket.
Police Programs
TV shows like 'Politijagt' (Police Hunt) frequently feature officers explaining to citizens why they are receiving a 'bøde' for speeding or reckless driving.

Radioavisen melder om nye, højere bøder for voldelig adfærd.

In a social setting, 'bøde' can even show up in games or sports clubs. Some local football teams have a 'bødekasse' (fine box). If a player is late for practice, forgets their boots, or gets a yellow card, they have to pay a small 'bøde' to the box. The money is then typically used for a social event or a party at the end of the season. This shows how the concept of a 'bøde' is integrated into the Danish sense of 'fællesskab' (community) and accountability, even in a lighthearted way.

Husk at lægge 20 kroner i bødekassen, hvis du kommer for sent!

In the legal world, a judge might say, 'Tiltalte dømmes til at betale en bøde på...' (The defendant is sentenced to pay a fine of...). This formal usage is strictly regulated by the 'Straffeloven' (The Penal Code). You will also see the word on official letters from 'Gældsstyrelsen' (The Debt Agency) if you have outstanding fines. It is a word that carries the authority of the state but also the mundane reality of social rules in a small club.

Han brokkede sig over bøden, men han vidste godt, han havde parkeret ulovligt.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is using the word 'straf' (punishment) when they specifically mean 'bøde' (fine). While a fine is a type of punishment, in Danish, you usually name the specific type. If you say 'Jeg fik en straf', it sounds very vague and potentially much more serious (like prison time). Always use 'bøde' if money is involved.

Bøde vs. Gebyr
A 'gebyr' is an administrative fee (e.g., for a passport). A 'bøde' is for doing something wrong. Don't use 'bøde' for a standard service charge.
Bøde vs. Afgift
An 'afgift' is often a tax (like 'moms' or 'registreringsafgift'). However, 'kontrolafgift' is used for ticket evasion. Confusing these can make your Danish sound unnatural.

Fejl: Jeg skal betale en bøde for mit nye pas. (Korrekt: Jeg skal betale et gebyr).

Another mistake is the preposition. English speakers often say 'en bøde for 500 kroner' because of the English 'a fine for 500 dollars'. In Danish, 'for' indicates the reason ('en bøde for tyveri'), while 'på' indicates the amount ('en bøde på 500 kroner'). Mixing these up can lead to confusion. Also, remember that 'bøde' as a verb is followed by 'for'. 'Du må bøde for dine synder' (You must pay for your sins). Using the noun where the verb is needed, or vice versa, is a common B2-level hurdle.

Husk: En bøde PÅ [beløb] FOR [overtrædelse].

Finally, learners sometimes struggle with the definite form. 'Bøden' (the fine) is used when referring to a specific fine already mentioned. 'Jeg har betalt bøden' (I have paid the fine). Some learners mistakenly use 'bødet' because they think it's a neuter noun (t-word), but it is strictly common gender (n-word). Paying attention to these small details will make your Danish sound much more fluent and professional.

Mange glemmer, at bøde er fælleskøn (en bøde).

While 'bøde' is the most common word for a fine, several other words exist in the same semantic field, each with its own nuance. Understanding these differences is key to reaching a C1 or C2 level of Danish. The most direct alternative in a legal sense is 'pengebod', though this is somewhat archaic or used in very specific legal contexts. More common are 'afgift' and 'gebyr', which we have already touched upon, but let's look closer at their differences.

Bøde vs. Kontrolafgift
A 'bøde' is a criminal or administrative penalty. A 'kontrolafgift' is a civil penalty, usually issued by private or semi-public transport companies for not having a ticket. The legal weight is different.
Bøde vs. Erstatning
'Erstatning' means compensation or damages. You pay a 'bøde' to the state/authority as punishment; you pay 'erstatning' to a victim to cover their loss.

Han fik både en bøde og skulle betale erstatning til offeret.

In informal Danish, you might hear people use 'straf' more broadly, but 'bøde' remains the precise term for the money. There is also the word 'mulkt', which is an old-fashioned word for a fine, still seen in some older legal texts or in Norwegian, but rarely used in modern spoken Danish. If you are talking about a penalty in sports, you might use 'strafspark' (penalty kick) or 'udvisning' (sending off), but if the penalty involves money for the player's behavior, it returns to 'bøde'.

EU-kommissionen kan pålægge medlemslande økonomiske sanktioner.

Finally, consider the word 'efterbetaling'. This is used when you haven't paid enough of something (like tax) and must pay the remainder. It is not a 'bøde' because there is no 'punishment' element, just the settlement of a debt. However, if you intentionally avoided the payment, you might get an 'efterbetaling' *plus* a 'bøde'. Distinguishing these terms will help you navigate the Danish bureaucratic system with much more confidence.

Det var ikke en bøde, men blot en efterbetaling af skat.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Jeg har fået en bøde.

I have received a fine.

Simple past tense with 'har fået'.

2

Bøden er meget dyr.

The fine is very expensive.

Definite singular form 'bøden'.

3

Er det en bøde?

Is it a fine?

Question word order.

4

Jeg skal betale min bøde.

I must pay my fine.

Modal verb 'skal' + infinitive.

5

En bøde koster penge.

A fine costs money.

Indefinite singular 'en bøde'.

6

Han fik en bøde i bussen.

He got a fine on the bus.

Preposition 'i' for bus.

7

Her er din bøde.

Here is your fine.

Possessive pronoun 'din'.

8

Ingen kan lide en bøde.

Nobody likes a fine.

Negative subject 'ingen'.

1

Jeg fik en bøde for at parkere her.

I got a fine for parking here.

Using 'for' to explain the reason.

2

Hvor meget skal jeg betale i bøde?

How much do I have to pay in a fine?

The phrase 'i bøde' is common for the total amount.

3

Politiet gav ham en fartbøde.

The police gave him a speeding fine.

Compound word 'fartbøde'.

4

Min bror fik en lille bøde på biblioteket.

My brother got a small fine at the library.

Adjective 'lille' modifying 'bøde'.

5

Du skal huske at betale bøden til tiden.

You must remember to pay the fine on time.

Infinitive construction 'at betale'.

6

Der var mange bøder i dag.

There were many fines today.

Plural form 'bøder'.

7

Bøden kom med posten.

The fine came in the mail.

Definite singular 'bøden'.

8

Hun vil ikke have en bøde til.

She doesn't want another fine.

Using 'til' to mean 'another/more'.

1

Hvis du kører uden cykellygter, får du en bøde.

If you drive without bike lights, you get a fine.

Conditional 'hvis' clause.

2

Bøden på 1.000 kroner var uretfærdig.

The fine of 1,000 kroner was unfair.

Preposition 'på' for the amount.

3

Han glemte at betale, og nu er bøden steget.

He forgot to pay, and now the fine has increased.

Present perfect 'er steget'.

4

Politiet udskriver bøder for at øge sikkerheden.

The police issue fines to increase safety.

Verb 'at udskrive' (to issue).

5

Det er vigtigt at kende reglerne for at undgå bøder.

It is important to know the rules to avoid fines.

Infinitive 'at undgå' (to avoid).

6

Mange unge får bøder for at køre to på en knallert.

Many young people get fines for riding two on a moped.

Plural 'bøder'.

7

Jeg har aldrig fået en bøde i hele mit liv.

I have never received a fine in my whole life.

Adverb 'aldrig' placement.

8

Bøden skal betales via netbank.

The fine must be paid via online banking.

Passive construction 'skal betales'.

1

Virksomheden blev pålagt en bøde for miljøovertrædelser.

The company was imposed a fine for environmental violations.

Passive voice 'blev pålagt'.

2

Han valgte at vedtage bøden med det samme.

He chose to accept the fine immediately.

Legal term 'at vedtage' (to accept/agree to pay).

3

Størrelsen på bøden afhænger af din indkomst.

The size of the fine depends on your income.

Verb 'afhænger af' (depends on).

4

Der er tale om en administrativ bøde.

It is an administrative fine.

Phrase 'der er tale om' (it is a matter of).

5

Han måtte bøde for sin manglende rettidige omhu.

He had to pay for his lack of due diligence.

Verb 'at bøde' used metaphorically.

6

Bøden fungerer som en præventiv sanktion.

The fine functions as a preventive sanction.

Nouns 'sanktion' and 'bøde' used together.

7

Hvis man ikke betaler, kan bøden blive til fængselsstraf.

If one doesn't pay, the fine can turn into a prison sentence.

Complex conditional.

8

Hun har indbragt bøden for retten.

She has brought the fine before the court.

Phrase 'indbringe for retten'.

1

Retten udmålte en bøde, der svarede til overskuddet fra den ulovlige handling.

The court assessed a fine that corresponded to the profit from the illegal act.

Verb 'at udmåle' (to assess/measure out).

2

Bødeniveauerne er blevet harmoniseret på tværs af EU.

Fine levels have been harmonized across the EU.

Compound 'bødeniveauer' (fine levels).

3

Det er en udbredt misforståelse, at bøder altid er faste beløb.

It is a widespread misconception that fines are always fixed amounts.

Adjective 'udbredt' (widespread).

4

Skatteunddragelse straffes ofte med en bøde på det dobbelte af det unddragne beløb.

Tax evasion is often punished with a fine of double the evaded amount.

Passive 'straffes' (is punished).

5

Anklagemyndigheden kræver en mærkbar bøde til selskabet.

The prosecution demands a significant fine for the company.

Adjective 'mærkbar' (noticeable/significant).

6

Bøden blev givet med henblik på at statuere et eksempel.

The fine was given with the aim of setting an example.

Phrase 'at statuere et eksempel'.

7

Der kan i visse tilfælde gives rabat på bøden til unge under 18 år.

In certain cases, a discount on the fine can be given to youths under 18.

Noun 'rabat' (discount) used with 'bøde'.

8

Spørgsmålet er, om bøden står i rimeligt forhold til forseelsen.

The question is whether the fine is proportionate to the offense.

Phrase 'står i rimeligt forhold til'.

1

Lovgiver har tilsigtet, at bøden skal have en afskrækkende virkning på potentielle lovovertrædere.

The legislator intended that the fine should have a deterrent effect on potential offenders.

Verb 'tilsigte' (intend) and 'afskrækkende virkning' (deterrent effect).

2

Bødeforlægget blev forkyndt for den sigtede ved personligt fremmøde.

The fine notice was served to the accused by personal appearance.

Legal term 'forkynde' (to serve/announce).

3

Manglende betalingsevne fritager ikke i sig selv skyldneren fra bøden.

Lack of ability to pay does not in itself exempt the debtor from the fine.

Verb 'fritage' (exempt) and 'betalingsevne' (ability to pay).

4

I dansk ret skelnes der skarpt mellem bøde og konfiskation.

In Danish law, a sharp distinction is made between a fine and confiscation.

Verb 'skelne' (distinguish).

5

Bøden blev nedsat under henvisning til formildende omstændigheder.

The fine was reduced with reference to mitigating circumstances.

Phrase 'formildende omstændigheder'.

6

Den præventive effekt af bøder i trafikken er genstand for løbende debat.

The preventive effect of traffic fines is the subject of ongoing debate.

Phrase 'genstand for' (subject of).

7

Hjemlen til at pålægge bøden findes i særlovgivningen.

The legal basis for imposing the fine is found in special legislation.

Noun 'hjemmel' (legal basis/authority).

8

En dagsbøde udmåles typisk til en dags nettoløn.

A day-fine is typically assessed at one day's net salary.

Technical term 'dagsbøde'.

ترکیب‌های رایج

At få en bøde
At betale en bøde
At udskrive en bøde
En bøde på...
En bøde for...
At vedtage en bøde
En stor bøde
At pålægge en bøde
At slippe for en bøde
En administrativ bøde

عبارات رایج

Det koster en bøde

— Used to say that an action will result in a fine.

Det koster en bøde at smide affald her.

At få en bøde med hjem

— Informal way of saying one received a fine while out.

Han fik en bøde med hjem fra byen.

Bøden skal falde

— Meaning the fine must be paid or issued now.

Nu skal bøden falde for dit snyd.

At stikke en bøde

— Informal for 'to give someone a fine'.

Betjenten stak ham en bøde.

En ordentlig bøde

— A very large or significant fine.

Han fik en ordentlig bøde for spirituskørsel.

At indkræve en bøde

— To collect or enforce the payment of a fine.

Staten indkræver bøden via lønnen.

At anke en bøde

— To appeal a fine (usually in court).

Han vil anke bøden til landsretten.

Bøder og straf

— A common pairing meanin

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