A1 Verb Conjugation 1 min read 简单

The verb 'to have' (echo)

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

The verb 'έχω' (echo) is the foundation of possession in Greek; just memorize the six personal endings to start speaking immediately.

  • Use 'έχω' for possession: 'Έχω ένα αυτοκίνητο' (I have a car).
  • The subject pronoun is often dropped: 'Έχεις' (You have) is enough.
  • Negation uses 'δεν': 'Δεν έχω χρόνο' (I don't have time).
Subject (optional) + έχω-form + Object

Conjugation of 'έχω' (Present Tense)

Person Greek Pronunciation English
1st Sing.
έχω
é-ho
I have
2nd Sing.
έχεις
é-his
You have
3rd Sing.
έχει
é-hi
He/She/It has
1st Plur.
έχουμε
é-hou-me
We have
2nd Plur.
έχετε
é-he-te
You all have
3rd Plur.
έχουν
é-houn
They have

Meanings

The verb 'έχω' is the primary way to express possession in Greek. It functions similarly to 'to have' in English but is used more frequently in daily life.

1

Possession

Owning or holding something.

“Έχω ένα σπίτι.”

“Έχεις το βιβλίο μου;”

2

Experience/State

Having a physical or mental state.

“Έχω πυρετό.”

“Έχουμε δίκιο.”

3

Auxiliary

Used to form perfect tenses.

“Έχω φάει.”

“Έχεις δει την ταινία;”

Reference Table

Reference table for The verb 'to have' (echo)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
έχω + object
Έχω ένα μήλο.
Negative
δεν + έχω + object
Δεν έχω μήλο.
Question
έχω + object + ?
Έχεις μήλο;
Short Answer (Yes)
ναι, έχω
Ναι, έχω.
Short Answer (No)
όχι, δεν έχω
Όχι, δεν έχω.
Past (Perfect)
έχω + participle
Έχω φάει.

正式程度

正式
Διαθέτω αυτοκίνητο.

Διαθέτω αυτοκίνητο. (Describing possession)

中性
Έχω ένα αυτοκίνητο.

Έχω ένα αυτοκίνητο. (Describing possession)

非正式
Έχω αμάξι.

Έχω αμάξι. (Describing possession)

俚语
Έχω κούρσα.

Έχω κούρσα. (Describing possession)

Uses of 'έχω'

έχω

Possession

  • σπίτι house

Health

  • πυρετό fever

Abstract

  • ιδέα idea

έχω vs. είμαι

έχω (Possession)
έχω βιβλίο I have a book
είμαι (Identity)
είμαι δάσκαλος I am a teacher

Negation Flow

1

Is it negative?

YES
Add 'δεν' before 'έχω'
NO
Use 'έχω' directly

Common Collocations

⏰

Time

  • • έχω χρόνο
  • • έχω καιρό
😊

Feelings

  • • έχω όρεξη
  • • έχω άγχος

按水平分级的例句

1

Έχω ένα σκύλο.

I have a dog.

2

Έχεις νερό;

Do you have water?

3

Έχει ένα αυτοκίνητο.

He has a car.

4

Έχουμε χρόνο.

We have time.

1

Δεν έχω χρήματα.

I don't have money.

2

Έχετε αδέρφια;

Do you all have siblings?

3

Έχουν μια ωραία ιδέα.

They have a nice idea.

4

Δεν έχετε δίκιο.

You are not right.

1

Έχω φάει ήδη.

I have already eaten.

2

Έχεις δει την ταινία;

Have you seen the movie?

3

Έχει έρθει ο Γιώργος;

Has George arrived?

4

Δεν έχουμε τελειώσει.

We haven't finished.

1

Έχω να πάω στον γιατρό.

I have to go to the doctor.

2

Έχουν πολλή δουλειά σήμερα.

They have a lot of work today.

3

Δεν έχει νόημα αυτό.

This doesn't make sense.

4

Έχετε υπόψη σας το θέμα;

Are you aware of the issue?

1

Έχω καιρό να τον δω.

I haven't seen him in a long time.

2

Έχει την τάση να αργεί.

He has a tendency to be late.

3

Δεν έχω καμία αντίρρηση.

I have no objection.

4

Έχουν αναλάβει την ευθύνη.

They have taken responsibility.

1

Έχει ο καιρός γυρίσματα.

The weather/times have their turns (idiom).

2

Δεν έχεις παρά να ρωτήσεις.

You have only to ask.

3

Έχουν καταφέρει το ακατόρθωτο.

They have achieved the impossible.

4

Έχει την αίσθηση ότι όλα θα πάνε καλά.

He has the feeling that everything will go well.

容易混淆

The verb 'to have' (echo) 对比 έχω vs. είμαι

Learners mix up 'I have' and 'I am' for states.

The verb 'to have' (echo) 对比 δεν vs. όχι

Learners use 'όχι' to negate verbs.

The verb 'to have' (echo) 对比 έχει vs. υπάρχει

Both can mean 'there is'.

常见错误

✗

Εγώ έχω

✓

Έχω

Pronouns are usually dropped.
✗

Όχι έχω

✓

Δεν έχω

Use 'δεν' for verbs.
✗

Έχω το αυτοκίνητο

✓

Έχω αυτοκίνητο

Don't use the article if it's indefinite.
✗

Έχουνε

✓

Έχουν

The 'e' at the end is optional/dialectal.
✗

Έχεις ένα βιβλίο;

✓

Έχεις βιβλίο;

Indefinite articles are often omitted in questions.
✗

Δεν έχω το χρόνο

✓

Δεν έχω χρόνο

Abstract nouns often lack articles.
✗

Έχετες

✓

Έχετε

Incorrect conjugation suffix.
✗

Έχω φάει το φαγητό

✓

Έχω φάει το φαγητό (Correct, but watch word order)

Word order is flexible but keep the auxiliary close.
✗

Έχω να το κάνω

✓

Έχω να το κάνω (Correct, but context matters)

Ensure the 'to' (να) is used correctly.
✗

Έχει έρθει ο Γιώργος

✓

Έχει έρθει ο Γιώργος (Correct)

Ensure agreement with the subject.
✗

Έχω την ανάγκη να πάω

✓

Έχω ανάγκη να πάω

Avoid unnecessary articles.
✗

Έχουνε αναλάβει

✓

Έχουν αναλάβει

Formal register prefers standard forms.
✗

Έχω να πάω στην τράπεζα

✓

Έχω να πάω στην τράπεζα (Correct)

Ensure the meaning is understood as obligation.

句型

Έχω ___.

Δεν έχω ___.

Έχεις ___;

Έχω να ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

Έχετε πίτσα;

Texting very common

Έχεις νέα;

Job interview common

Έχω εμπειρία.

Travel common

Έχετε χάρτη;

Social media common

Έχω μια φωτογραφία.

Delivery app occasional

Δεν έχω λάβει την παραγγελία.

💡

Drop the pronoun

You don't need to say 'εγώ' or 'εσύ'. The verb ending is enough.
⚠️

Negation

Always use 'δεν' before the verb. Never use 'όχι' for verbs.
🎯

Perfect Tense

Use 'έχω' + past participle to talk about things you have done.
💬

Idioms

Many Greek idioms use 'έχω', like 'έχω δίκιο' (I am right).

Smart Tips

Use 'έχω να' + verb.

Έχω πάω. → Έχω να πάω.

If it's indefinite, drop the article.

Έχω ένα βιβλίο. → Έχω βιβλίο.

Add the pronoun.

Έχω ένα αυτοκίνητο. → Εγώ έχω ένα αυτοκίνητο.

Use 'έχω' + noun.

Είμαι όρεξη. → Έχω όρεξη.

发音

É-ho

Stress

The stress is always on the first syllable.

é-hou(n)

Final 'n'

The 'n' in 'έχουν' is often soft or silent in casual speech.

Question

Έχεις χρόνο↑?

Rising pitch at the end indicates a question.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Echo' (the sound) bouncing back to you—when you 'have' something, it's yours, like an echo of your identity.

视觉联想

Imagine holding a giant letter 'E' (for Echo) in your hands. Every time you say 'έχω', you squeeze the 'E' to show you possess it.

Rhyme

Έχω, έχεις, έχει, we all have a lot, έχουμε, έχετε, έχουν, it's all that we've got!

Story

I have (έχω) a cat. You have (έχεις) a dog. He has (έχει) a bird. We have (έχουμε) a zoo!

Word Web

έχωέχειςέχειέχουμεέχετεέχουνδεν έχω

挑战

For the next 5 minutes, look around your room and say 'Έχω...' followed by 5 items you see.

文化笔记

Standard usage is very direct.

Often uses 'εν έχω' for negation.

Uses 'διαθέτω' instead of 'έχω' for higher register.

Derived from the Ancient Greek verb 'ἔχω' (ékhō), meaning to have or hold.

对话开场白

“

Τι έχεις στην τσάντα σου;

“

Έχεις αδέρφια;

“

Έχεις χρόνο για καφέ;

“

Έχεις δει αυτή την ταινία;

日记主题

List 5 things you have in your room.
Describe what you have in your bag today.
What do you have to do this weekend?
Have you ever traveled to a new place?

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct form of 'έχω'.

Εγώ ___ ένα βιβλίο.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: έχω
1st person singular is 'έχω'.
Choose the correct negation. 多项选择

___ έχω χρόνο.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Δεν
Use 'δεν' to negate verbs.
Find the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Εγώ έχω ένα σκύλο.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Εγώ
Pronoun is redundant.
Order the words. Sentence Building

χρόνο / δεν / έχω

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Δεν έχω χρόνο
Standard word order.
What is the 3rd person plural? Conjugation Drill

They have

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: έχουν
3rd plural is 'έχουν'.
Match the form to the person. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1st Plural
'έχουμε' is 'we have'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Έχεις νερό; B: ___, δεν έχω.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Όχι
Negative answer.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Έχω ένα αυτοκίνητο.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Δεν έχω αυτοκίνητο
Add 'δεν'.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form of 'έχω'.

Εγώ ___ ένα βιβλίο.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: έχω
1st person singular is 'έχω'.
Choose the correct negation. 多项选择

___ έχω χρόνο.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Δεν
Use 'δεν' to negate verbs.
Find the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Εγώ έχω ένα σκύλο.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Εγώ
Pronoun is redundant.
Order the words. Sentence Building

χρόνο / δεν / έχω

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Δεν έχω χρόνο
Standard word order.
What is the 3rd person plural? Conjugation Drill

They have

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: έχουν
3rd plural is 'έχουν'.
Match the form to the person. Match Pairs

Match 'έχουμε' to person.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1st Plural
'έχουμε' is 'we have'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Έχεις νερό; B: ___, δεν έχω.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Όχι
Negative answer.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Έχω ένα αυτοκίνητο.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Δεν έχω αυτοκίνητο
Add 'δεν'.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

Yes, it's more natural. Only use it for emphasis.

No, it's a common variant, but 'έχουν' is standard.

No, use 'είμαι' for age in Greek.

Just use the verb with rising intonation: 'Έχεις;'

Yes, it doesn't follow standard verb patterns.

Use 'υπάρχει' for existence; 'έχω' is for possession.

It's 'είχα' (I had).

It's the most common verb for daily life.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

tener

Spanish uses 'haber' as the auxiliary, while Greek uses 'έχω' for both.

French high

avoir

French requires subject pronouns, Greek drops them.

German high

haben

German word order is more rigid.

Japanese low

motsu / aru

Greek has one verb for both, Japanese splits them.

Arabic low

indī

Greek uses a verb, Arabic uses a prepositional construction.

Chinese moderate

yǒu

Chinese 'yǒu' does not conjugate.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
The verb 'to be' (eimai)

Related Grammar Rules

A1

The verb 'to be' (eimai)
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