In 15 Seconds
- Comparing items two at a time to find specific differences.
- A formal way to report detailed research or data findings.
- Signals high-level analytical rigor and objective scientific proof.
Meaning
This phrase means you looked at a group of things by comparing them two at a time to see exactly how they differ. It is like judging a talent show by only watching two performers at once until you find the best one.
Key Examples
3 of 6Presenting a marketing study
While all ads performed well, pairwise comparisons indicated that the video ad was more effective than the static image.
While all ads performed well, comparing them in pairs showed the video ad was better than the static one.
Writing a scientific paper
Pairwise comparisons indicated a significant difference between the control group and the third experimental group.
Comparing the groups two by two showed a big difference between the control and the third group.
Explaining a taste test to a boss
Our pairwise comparisons indicated that consumers prefer the new formula over the original by a slim margin.
Our side-by-side tests showed people like the new version slightly more.
Cultural Background
There is a strong emphasis on 'p-values' and statistical significance. This phrase is a 'shield' that researchers use to show they aren't just making guesses. In 'Big Tech' (Google, Amazon), data-driven decision making is a core value. Using this phrase in a meeting signals that you are 'analytical' and 'objective.' German professional culture values 'Gründlichkeit' (thoroughness). Pairwise comparison is seen as the most thorough way to evaluate components. British academics often use this phrase to avoid making overly bold claims, preferring the 'data' to speak for itself.
Use 'Revealed' for Impact
If your results are surprising, swap 'indicated' for 'revealed' to add a bit of drama to your academic writing.
Don't Overuse
Using this phrase more than twice in one paragraph makes your writing feel repetitive and 'stiff.'
In 15 Seconds
- Comparing items two at a time to find specific differences.
- A formal way to report detailed research or data findings.
- Signals high-level analytical rigor and objective scientific proof.
What It Means
Imagine you have three flavors of ice cream: chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry. Instead of tasting all three at once, you compare chocolate to vanilla. Then you compare vanilla to strawberry. Finally, you compare chocolate to strawberry. That is exactly what pairwise comparisons indicated means. It is a fancy way of saying you looked at every possible pair in a group to find specific patterns. It is the gold standard for being thorough.
How To Use It
You usually use this phrase to introduce a specific result. It often follows a general finding. You might say, "The overall results were significant. Specifically, pairwise comparisons indicated that Group A beat Group B." You are acting like a detective. You found a big clue, and now you are showing the tiny fingerprints. Use it when you want to sound precise and data-driven. It shows you didn't just guess; you did the math.
When To Use It
This is a powerhouse phrase for academic writing or business reports. Use it during a presentation when someone asks, "But which specific part worked best?" It is perfect for scientific papers, medical trials, or high-level marketing analysis. If you are comparing different smartphone models or office policies, this phrase makes you sound like a total pro. It tells your audience that your conclusion is backed by a deep dive into the details.
When NOT To Use It
Please, do not use this at a dive bar. If you tell a friend, "Pairwise comparisons indicated that this beer is better than the last," they might think you've spent too much time in the lab. Avoid it in casual texts or emotional heart-to-hearts. It is too cold and clinical for a first date. If the situation requires warmth or speed, stick to "I checked them one by one."
Cultural Background
This phrase comes from the world of statistics and logic. It became popular as data science started taking over our lives. In Western academic culture, being "objective" is highly valued. Using phrases like this signals that you are following a logical, Western scientific method. It implies fairness because you gave every "pair" an equal chance to be compared. It is the language of the modern, data-obsessed professional.
Common Variations
You might hear people say post-hoc tests revealed or multiple comparisons showed. If you want to be slightly less formal, you can say side-by-side comparisons suggested. In a very casual office, someone might just say looking at them two-by-two. However, pairwise comparisons indicated remains the king of formal reporting. It is the phrase that gets your paper published or your budget approved.
Usage Notes
This is a high-register academic expression. It is almost exclusively used in written reports or formal presentations. Avoid using it in emails to friends or family unless you are being intentionally nerdy.
Use 'Revealed' for Impact
If your results are surprising, swap 'indicated' for 'revealed' to add a bit of drama to your academic writing.
Don't Overuse
Using this phrase more than twice in one paragraph makes your writing feel repetitive and 'stiff.'
Examples
6While all ads performed well, pairwise comparisons indicated that the video ad was more effective than the static image.
While all ads performed well, comparing them in pairs showed the video ad was better than the static one.
Used to pinpoint which specific marketing tool worked best.
Pairwise comparisons indicated a significant difference between the control group and the third experimental group.
Comparing the groups two by two showed a big difference between the control and the third group.
Standard academic usage to report statistical significance.
Our pairwise comparisons indicated that consumers prefer the new formula over the original by a slim margin.
Our side-by-side tests showed people like the new version slightly more.
Makes a simple taste test sound like a serious research project.
I've analyzed all my matches, and pairwise comparisons indicated that I should probably just get a cat.
I compared all my dates, and the result is I'm better off alone.
Uses formal language for a humorous, self-deprecating effect.
Pairwise comparisons indicated that the night shift is actually more productive than the morning shift.
Comparing the shifts two at a time showed the night crew does more work.
Provides objective evidence for a potentially controversial observation.
The pairwise comparisons indicated that this medication has fewer side effects than your current one.
Comparing the drugs side-by-side showed this one is safer for you.
Used to give a patient confidence in a new treatment plan.
Test Yourself
Complete the sentence using the correct form of the phrase.
After the ANOVA was completed, ______ ______ indicated that Group B was the most efficient.
The plural 'comparisons' is standard for reporting multiple results.
Which sentence uses the phrase correctly for a formal report?
Select the best option:
'Indicated' should be followed by a 'that' clause without an indirect object.
Match the phrase variation to the correct context.
1. Pairwise comparisons indicated... | 2. Side-by-side comparison showed... | 3. When we looked at them two by two...
The level of formality determines which variation is most appropriate.
🎉 Score: /3
Visual Learning Aids
How Pairwise Works
Practice Bank
3 exercisesAfter the ANOVA was completed, ______ ______ indicated that Group B was the most efficient.
The plural 'comparisons' is standard for reporting multiple results.
Select the best option:
'Indicated' should be followed by a 'that' clause without an indirect object.
1. Pairwise comparisons indicated... | 2. Side-by-side comparison showed... | 3. When we looked at them two by two...
The level of formality determines which variation is most appropriate.
🎉 Score: /3
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questionsYes, but only in a formal context like a performance review or a study. 'Pairwise comparisons indicated that John is more productive than Steve.'
In modern English, it is almost always written as one word: 'pairwise.'
An 'omnibus' or 'global' comparison, which looks at the whole group at once.
Not exactly. In science, we rarely say 'proved.' 'Indicated' is safer—it means the evidence points to this conclusion.
Related Phrases
Post-hoc analysis
builds onAnalysis done after the main experiment.
Statistically significant
similarLikely not due to chance.
Head-to-head
informalA direct competition between two.
