A2 verb Neutral #4,000 most common 1 min read

depend

/dɪˈpɛnd/

To depend means that something's existence or outcome is controlled or determined by something else.

Word in 30 Seconds

  • To rely on something for support or control.
  • Outcome is determined by another factor.
  • Often used with 'on' or 'upon'.

Overview

The verb 'depend' is fundamental in expressing relationships of reliance and causality. When something depends on something else, it means it cannot exist or function without it, or its outcome is directly influenced by it. This concept is crucial for understanding how events, situations, and even people are interconnected.

The most common pattern is 'depend on/upon'. This structure indicates what something or someone is relying on. For example, 'The success of the project depends on the team's effort.' 'Depend' can also be used with 'to' to indicate a future action that is conditional. For instance, 'I can go to the party, it depends on my schedule.' The verb is often used in negative constructions to show independence, like 'You don't have to depend on anyone for help.'

This word is frequently used in everyday conversations about plans, responsibilities, and outcomes. You'll hear it when discussing finances ('My income depends on my sales.'), health ('Her recovery depends on rest.'), and future events ('Whether we go on holiday depends on the weather.'). It's also common in more formal or academic settings when discussing research findings or systemic relationships.

Very similar to 'depend on', 'rely on' emphasizes trust and confidence in the thing being depended upon. 'I rely on my friends for support.'

This phrase implies a strong expectation and assurance that something will happen or someone will act in a certain way. 'You can count on me to be there.'

This idiom suggests that something's success or failure is entirely dependent on a specific factor. 'The whole plan hinges on getting permission.'

A more formal phrase meaning that something will only happen if another thing happens first. 'The trip is contingent upon receiving funding.'

Examples

1

Whether we go to the park depends on the weather.

everyday

Apakah kita akan pergi ke taman bergantung pada cuaca.

2

The company's profitability is heavily dependent on consumer spending.

formal

Profitabilitas perusahaan sangat bergantung pada pengeluaran konsumen.

3

Honestly, it depends. I haven't decided yet.

informal

Sejujurnya, itu tergantung. Aku belum memutuskan.

4

The outcome of the experiment was contingent upon several environmental factors.

academic

Hasil eksperimen bergantung pada beberapa faktor lingkungan.

Common Collocations

depend on bergantung pada
depend upon bergantung pada
heavily dependent sangat bergantung
largely dependent sebagian besar bergantung

Common Phrases

it depends

itu tergantung

depend on someone's word

mempercayai perkataan seseorang

depend on luck

bergantung pada keberuntungan

Often Confused With

depend vs independent

'Independent' is the opposite of 'dependent'. It means not controlled or determined by someone or something else; free. For example, 'She is an independent woman who makes her own decisions.'

depend vs reliance

'Reliance' is a noun that means the state of depending on or trusting in someone or something. 'Depend' is the verb form. For example, 'The team's success relies on strong leadership' (verb) vs. 'The team's success is due to their reliance on good communication' (noun).

Grammar Patterns

depend on/upon [noun/pronoun] depend on/upon [gerund phrase] depend on/upon [wh-clause]

How to Use It

Usage Notes

The verb 'depend' is almost always used with the preposition 'on' or 'upon'. 'Depend on' is more common in everyday speech and writing. 'Depend upon' can sound slightly more formal or literary. Ensure the subject and verb agree in number.


Common Mistakes

A common mistake is forgetting to use the preposition 'on' or 'upon' after 'depend'. For example, saying 'The result depends the outcome' instead of 'The result depends on the outcome'. Also, ensure correct verb conjugation, especially with third-person singular subjects ('it depends').

Tips

💡

Remember the key preposition 'on'

The most common way to use 'depend' is followed by the preposition 'on' (or 'upon'). Think of it as 'depending on' what influences it.

⚠️

Avoid using without a preposition

In modern English, try to always use 'depend on' or 'depend upon'. Using 'depend' alone can sound outdated or grammatically incorrect.

🌍

Independence vs. Dependence

In many cultures, particularly Western ones, 'independence' is highly valued. Understanding 'depend' helps contrast this with the concept of reliance, which can sometimes have negative connotations.

Word Origin

The word 'depend' comes from the Latin 'dependere', meaning 'to hang down from'. It combines 'de-' (down) and 'pendere' (to hang). This imagery relates to something being supported or controlled from above.

Cultural Context

The concept of dependence versus independence is culturally significant. While many societies value self-reliance, understanding dependence is crucial for acknowledging interdependence in families, communities, and global systems.

Memory Tip

Think of a 'pendulum' (which has 'pend' in it). A pendulum's swing 'depends on' gravity and its length. It swings back and forth, showing a connection or reliance.

Frequently Asked Questions

4 questions

'Depend on' and 'depend upon' are largely interchangeable and mean the same thing. 'Depend on' is more common in everyday speech and writing, while 'depend upon' can sometimes sound slightly more formal.

Yes, but it's less common. In older or more literary contexts, you might see 'He depended his safety on the guard.' However, in modern English, the preposition 'on' or 'upon' is almost always used.

If something 'depends', it means its outcome or existence is not fixed but is subject to change based on other factors. For example, 'Whether we can go depends.' implies the decision is not yet made.

You can use 'depend' to indicate that a future action is conditional. For example, 'I'll go to the party, but it depends on whether I finish my work.' This shows the action is not guaranteed.

Test Yourself

fill blank

Our holiday plans will ___ on the weather.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: depend

The subject 'Our holiday plans' is plural, so the base form of the verb is needed here, used with the modal verb 'will'.

multiple choice

Whether she gets the job will _____ her interview performance.

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: depend

'Depend' is the most appropriate verb here to show that the job outcome is determined by the interview performance.

sentence building

on / success / the / depends / team / The / effort

Correct! Not quite. Correct answer: The success depends on the team effort.

This sentence correctly shows that the success is determined by the team's effort, using the standard 'depend on' structure.

Score: /3

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