To depend means that something's existence or outcome is controlled or determined by something else.
30秒でわかる単語
- To rely on something for support or control.
- Outcome is determined by another factor.
- Often used with 'on' or 'upon'.
Overview
The verb 'depend' is fundamental in expressing relationships of reliance and causality. When something depends on something else, it means it cannot exist or function without it, or its outcome is directly influenced by it. This concept is crucial for understanding how events, situations, and even people are interconnected.
The most common pattern is 'depend on/upon'. This structure indicates what something or someone is relying on. For example, 'The success of the project depends on the team's effort.' 'Depend' can also be used with 'to' to indicate a future action that is conditional. For instance, 'I can go to the party, it depends on my schedule.' The verb is often used in negative constructions to show independence, like 'You don't have to depend on anyone for help.'
This word is frequently used in everyday conversations about plans, responsibilities, and outcomes. You'll hear it when discussing finances ('My income depends on my sales.'), health ('Her recovery depends on rest.'), and future events ('Whether we go on holiday depends on the weather.'). It's also common in more formal or academic settings when discussing research findings or systemic relationships.
Very similar to 'depend on', 'rely on' emphasizes trust and confidence in the thing being depended upon. 'I rely on my friends for support.'
This phrase implies a strong expectation and assurance that something will happen or someone will act in a certain way. 'You can count on me to be there.'
This idiom suggests that something's success or failure is entirely dependent on a specific factor. 'The whole plan hinges on getting permission.'
A more formal phrase meaning that something will only happen if another thing happens first. 'The trip is contingent upon receiving funding.'
例文
Whether we go to the park depends on the weather.
everydayApakah kita akan pergi ke taman bergantung pada cuaca.
The company's profitability is heavily dependent on consumer spending.
formalProfitabilitas perusahaan sangat bergantung pada pengeluaran konsumen.
Honestly, it depends. I haven't decided yet.
informalSejujurnya, itu tergantung. Aku belum memutuskan.
The outcome of the experiment was contingent upon several environmental factors.
academicHasil eksperimen bergantung pada beberapa faktor lingkungan.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
it depends
itu tergantung
depend on someone's word
mempercayai perkataan seseorang
depend on luck
bergantung pada keberuntungan
よく混同される語
'Independent' is the opposite of 'dependent'. It means not controlled or determined by someone or something else; free. For example, 'She is an independent woman who makes her own decisions.'
'Reliance' is a noun that means the state of depending on or trusting in someone or something. 'Depend' is the verb form. For example, 'The team's success relies on strong leadership' (verb) vs. 'The team's success is due to their reliance on good communication' (noun).
文法パターン
How to Use It
使い方のコツ
The verb 'depend' is almost always used with the preposition 'on' or 'upon'. 'Depend on' is more common in everyday speech and writing. 'Depend upon' can sound slightly more formal or literary. Ensure the subject and verb agree in number.
よくある間違い
A common mistake is forgetting to use the preposition 'on' or 'upon' after 'depend'. For example, saying 'The result depends the outcome' instead of 'The result depends on the outcome'. Also, ensure correct verb conjugation, especially with third-person singular subjects ('it depends').
Tips
Remember the key preposition 'on'
The most common way to use 'depend' is followed by the preposition 'on' (or 'upon'). Think of it as 'depending on' what influences it.
Avoid using without a preposition
In modern English, try to always use 'depend on' or 'depend upon'. Using 'depend' alone can sound outdated or grammatically incorrect.
Independence vs. Dependence
In many cultures, particularly Western ones, 'independence' is highly valued. Understanding 'depend' helps contrast this with the concept of reliance, which can sometimes have negative connotations.
語源
The word 'depend' comes from the Latin 'dependere', meaning 'to hang down from'. It combines 'de-' (down) and 'pendere' (to hang). This imagery relates to something being supported or controlled from above.
文化的な背景
The concept of dependence versus independence is culturally significant. While many societies value self-reliance, understanding dependence is crucial for acknowledging interdependence in families, communities, and global systems.
覚え方のコツ
Think of a 'pendulum' (which has 'pend' in it). A pendulum's swing 'depends on' gravity and its length. It swings back and forth, showing a connection or reliance.
よくある質問
4 問'Depend on' and 'depend upon' are largely interchangeable and mean the same thing. 'Depend on' is more common in everyday speech and writing, while 'depend upon' can sometimes sound slightly more formal.
Yes, but it's less common. In older or more literary contexts, you might see 'He depended his safety on the guard.' However, in modern English, the preposition 'on' or 'upon' is almost always used.
If something 'depends', it means its outcome or existence is not fixed but is subject to change based on other factors. For example, 'Whether we can go depends.' implies the decision is not yet made.
You can use 'depend' to indicate that a future action is conditional. For example, 'I'll go to the party, but it depends on whether I finish my work.' This shows the action is not guaranteed.
自分をテスト
Our holiday plans will ___ on the weather.
The subject 'Our holiday plans' is plural, so the base form of the verb is needed here, used with the modal verb 'will'.
Whether she gets the job will _____ her interview performance.
'Depend' is the most appropriate verb here to show that the job outcome is determined by the interview performance.
on / success / the / depends / team / The / effort
This sentence correctly shows that the success is determined by the team's effort, using the standard 'depend on' structure.
スコア: /3
Summary
To depend means that something's existence or outcome is controlled or determined by something else.
- To rely on something for support or control.
- Outcome is determined by another factor.
- Often used with 'on' or 'upon'.
Remember the key preposition 'on'
The most common way to use 'depend' is followed by the preposition 'on' (or 'upon'). Think of it as 'depending on' what influences it.
Avoid using without a preposition
In modern English, try to always use 'depend on' or 'depend upon'. Using 'depend' alone can sound outdated or grammatically incorrect.
Independence vs. Dependence
In many cultures, particularly Western ones, 'independence' is highly valued. Understanding 'depend' helps contrast this with the concept of reliance, which can sometimes have negative connotations.
例文
4 / 4Whether we go to the park depends on the weather.
Apakah kita akan pergi ke taman bergantung pada cuaca.
The company's profitability is heavily dependent on consumer spending.
Profitabilitas perusahaan sangat bergantung pada pengeluaran konsumen.
Honestly, it depends. I haven't decided yet.
Sejujurnya, itu tergantung. Aku belum memutuskan.
The outcome of the experiment was contingent upon several environmental factors.
Hasil eksperimen bergantung pada beberapa faktor lingkungan.
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関連語彙
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generalの関連語
about
A1'about'は、何かの話題について話すときや、おおよその量を表すときに使います。
above
A2何かの真上にある、より高い位置を示します。
accident
A2予期せず起こる悪い出来事で、損害や怪我につながることがあるものです。
action
A2目標を達成するために何かを実際に行うことだよ。
after
A2'after'は、時間的または場所的に、何かの後であることを意味します。
afterward
A2At a later or subsequent time.
again
A2'again'は、何かがもう一度起こる、繰り返されることを意味します。
aged
B1ある特定の年齢であること。人や物の年齢を表す時に使うよ。
alive
A2死んでおらず、生命活動をしている状態。
all
A2'all'は、物事の全体や、一つ残らずすべてを指します。