When someone is jubilado, it means they are retired. This is a common and practical word to know, especially when talking about people's life stages or employment status. You might hear it used in conversations about family members, friends, or even public figures. It's a straightforward term, and it's good to be familiar with it.
§ Don't confuse 'jubilado' with 'retirado'
Many English speakers learning Spanish often think 'jubilado' and 'retirado' are always interchangeable. While they both relate to ending a working career, there's a subtle but important difference, especially in everyday conversation. 'Jubilado' specifically refers to someone who has retired and is receiving a pension. It implies a formal retirement process. 'Retirado' is more general and can mean simply having stopped working, regardless of whether a pension is involved or if the person is of typical retirement age. For instance, someone might be 'retirado' from a specific job but not officially 'jubilado' from the workforce entirely. Think of 'jubilado' as being 'officially retired with a pension' and 'retirado' as 'simply withdrawn from work'.
Mi abuelo es jubilado y recibe una pensión.
My grandfather is retired (with a pension) and receives a pension.
El boxeador se ha retirado de las competiciones.
The boxer has retired (withdrawn) from competitions.
§ Using 'jubilado' as a verb directly
Another common mistake is trying to use 'jubilado' (which is an adjective or noun) directly as a verb for 'to retire'. The verb for 'to retire' in Spanish is 'jubilarse'. Remember that 'jubilado' means 'retired' (as an adjective) or 'a retired person' (as a noun). You wouldn't say 'Yo jubilo' to mean 'I retire'. You need the reflexive verb 'jubilarse'.
- DEFINITION
- Jubilarse (verb): to retire.
Quiero jubilarme joven.
I want to retire young.
§ Incorrect agreement with gender and number
Since 'jubilado' is a noun and an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the person or people it describes. This is a basic Spanish grammar rule, but it's easy to forget in conversation, leading to mistakes like saying 'una jubilado' or 'los jubilada'. Always make sure you adjust the ending.
- For a single male: el jubilado
- For a single female: la jubilada
- For multiple males (or mixed group): los jubilados
- For multiple females: las jubiladas
Mi vecina es una jubilada muy activa.
My neighbor is a very active retired woman.
Los jubilados del pueblo se reúnen en la plaza.
The retired people from the town meet in the square.
Examples by Level
Mi padre es jubilado y le gusta viajar.
My father is retired and likes to travel.
La señora jubilada cuida su jardín todos los días.
The retired lady takes care of her garden every day.
Muchos jubilados viven en la costa.
Many retired people live on the coast.
El profesor jubilado escribe libros ahora.
The retired professor writes books now.
Mi abuelo es un jubilado feliz.
My grandfather is a happy retired person.
Ella es jubilada y tiene mucho tiempo libre.
She is retired and has a lot of free time.
Los jubilados a menudo disfrutan de la tranquilidad.
Retired people often enjoy tranquility.
Mi vecino, un jubilado, siempre me saluda.
My neighbor, a retired man, always greets me.
Mi abuelo es jubilado.
My grandfather is retired.
Describes a person who is retired.
La mujer jubilada lee mucho.
The retired woman reads a lot.
Used as an adjective to describe the woman.
Muchos jubilados viven en la costa.
Many retired people live on the coast.
Plural form of the noun, referring to multiple retired individuals.
¿Eres jubilado?
Are you retired?
Common question to ask about retirement status.
Ella es una profesora jubilada.
She is a retired teacher.
Used to describe someone's previous profession after retirement.
El hombre jubilado disfruta de su jardín.
The retired man enjoys his garden.
Another example of 'jubilado' as an adjective.
Mis padres son jubilados y viajan mucho.
My parents are retired and travel a lot.
Plural form used for parents.
El jubilado va al parque cada día.
The retired person goes to the park every day.
Using 'el jubilado' as a noun phrase for a retired man.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
Mi padre es jubilado.
My father is retired.
Disfruto ser jubilado.
I enjoy being retired.
Muchos jubilados viven en esa zona.
Many retired people live in that area.
¿Conoces a algún jubilado?
Do you know any retired people?
Ella se hizo jubilada el año pasado.
She became retired last year.
Es un jubilado muy activo.
He is a very active retiree.
Ofrecen descuentos para jubilados.
They offer discounts for retirees.
Sueño con ser jubilado algún día.
I dream of being retired someday.
Los jubilados a menudo viajan.
Retired people often travel.
Ser jubilado tiene sus ventajas.
Being retired has its advantages.
Grammar Patterns
Sentence Patterns
Ser jubilado
Soy jubilado. (I am retired.)
Estar jubilado
Mi padre está jubilado. (My father is retired.)
Un hombre jubilado
Él es un hombre jubilado. (He is a retired man.)
Una mujer jubilada
Ella es una mujer jubilada. (She is a retired woman.)
Los jubilados
Los jubilados tienen más tiempo libre. (Retired people have more free time.)
Vivir como jubilado
Le gusta vivir como jubilado. (He likes living as a retired person.)
Desde que está jubilado
Desde que está jubilado, viaja mucho. (Since he's been retired, he travels a lot.)
Beneficios de los jubilados
Los beneficios de los jubilados son importantes. (The benefits for retired people are important.)
How to Use It
A person who is jubilado has officially stopped working, usually due to age. It's common to hear phrases like "Está jubilado" (He/She is retired) or "Mis abuelos son jubilados" (My grandparents are retired). You can also use it as an adjective, like "una maestra jubilada" (a retired teacher).
A common mistake is to confuse 'jubilado' with 'desempleado' (unemployed). While both describe someone not currently working, a 'jubilado' has intentionally stopped working, often receiving a pension, whereas a 'desempleado' is actively seeking work. Don't say "Estoy jubilado" if you were fired or laid off and are looking for a new job.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of a 'jubilant' person who is 'jubilado' (retired) because they're so happy to be done with work!
Visual Association
Imagine a smiling person on a beach, relaxed and enjoying life, with a thought bubble saying '¡Soy jubilado!' (I am retired!)
Word Web
Challenge
Describe a friend or family member who is retired, or imagine what you would do if you were 'jubilado'. Use 'jubilado' in your description.
Test Yourself 24 questions
Which word means 'retired person'?
The word 'jubilado' refers to someone who is retired.
My grandfather is retired. Which Spanish word would you use for 'retired'?
In Spanish, 'jubilado' is the correct term for 'retired' when referring to a person.
The retired man is reading a book. Which option correctly identifies the retired man?
'Jubilado' describes someone who is retired.
A 'jubilado' is a person who works every day.
A 'jubilado' is a retired person, meaning they no longer work.
If someone is 'jubilado', they are retired.
The word 'jubilado' directly translates to 'retired' when describing a person.
You would use 'jubilado' to describe a child.
'Jubilado' refers to an adult who has stopped working, not a child.
Mi abuelo es ___ y le gusta jugar al golf.
The sentence indicates that the grandfather enjoys golf, a common activity for someone who is retired. 'Jubilado' means retired.
Después de muchos años de trabajo, mi tía finalmente se hizo ___.
The phrase 'después de muchos años de trabajo' (after many years of work) suggests that the aunt retired. 'Jubilada' means retired (female).
Los ___ a menudo disfrutan de más tiempo libre.
People who are retired ('jubilados') typically have more free time.
Una persona jubilada está en edad escolar.
A 'jubilado' is a retired person, meaning they are typically past school age and no longer working.
Mi padre, que es jubilado, ya no trabaja.
If someone is 'jubilado' (retired), it means they are no longer working.
Los jubilados suelen tener menos tiempo libre.
On the contrary, 'jubilados' (retired people) usually have more free time as they are no longer working.
Listen for 'jubilado' in the context of someone's grandfather.
Listen for 'jubilados' and what they often do.
Listen for 'jubilado' in a question about gardening.
Read this aloud:
Mi tía es una jubilada muy activa.
Focus: ju-bi-la-da
You said:
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Read this aloud:
Cuando sea jubilado, quiero aprender a tocar la guitarra.
Focus: ju-bi-la-do
You said:
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Read this aloud:
Muchos jubilados participan en programas de voluntariado.
Focus: ju-bi-la-dos
You said:
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En una sociedad que valora la productividad laboral por encima de todo, ¿qué desafíos psicológicos podría enfrentar un individuo que, tras años de intensa actividad profesional, se encuentra súbitamente en la condición de jubilado, privado de su rol estructurante y de las interacciones sociales inherentes a su antigua ocupación?
La transición a la jubilación, especialmente después de una carrera prolongada, puede llevar a desafíos psicológicos significativos como la depresión, la pérdida de un sentido de identidad ligado al trabajo y sentimientos de inutilidad debido a la falta de un rol estructurante.
Considerando el contexto socioeconómico actual, ¿cuál de las siguientes afirmaciones describe mejor la situación de un 'jubilado' en un país con un sistema de pensiones precario y una esperanza de vida creciente?
En países con sistemas de pensiones precarios y esperanza de vida creciente, la jubilación puede significar incertidumbre financiera y dependencia, no necesariamente una vida de ocio despreocupado.
Desde una perspectiva cultural, ¿cómo ha evolucionado la percepción del 'jubilado' en las sociedades occidentales, pasando de ser una figura de autoridad y sabiduría a, en algunos casos, ser visto como una carga o un grupo demográfico con necesidades específicas a abordar?
Históricamente, los mayores y jubilados eran figuras de sabiduría. Con el tiempo, y cambios demográficos, han surgido preocupaciones sobre su bienestar y se han desarrollado políticas para apoyarlos, lo que refleja un cambio en la percepción social.
Es plausible inferir que un 'jubilado' siempre tiene una salud óptima y plena energía para disfrutar de su tiempo libre, dada la ausencia de responsabilidades laborales.
La jubilación no garantiza una salud óptima; de hecho, la edad avanzada a menudo trae consigo problemas de salud que pueden limitar la energía y la capacidad de disfrutar del tiempo libre.
La noción de 'jubilado' es universalmente idéntica en todas las culturas, implicando siempre el cese total de cualquier actividad productiva o social.
La percepción y el rol del jubilado varían significativamente entre culturas; en algunas, los mayores siguen siendo figuras muy activas y respetadas, y el cese de la actividad productiva no siempre es total.
Desde una perspectiva económica, la presencia de una gran población de 'jubilados' con pensiones suficientes puede estimular la economía a través del consumo de bienes y servicios, contribuyendo al bienestar social.
Si los jubilados tienen ingresos estables, su poder adquisitivo puede contribuir al consumo y, por ende, a la economía, lo que es un factor positivo para el bienestar social.
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Example
In context, `jubilado` expresses: retired.
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