This page in your language
فارسی العربية Deutsch Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português 中文 हिन्दी
A2 verb #3,000 most common 21 min read

vigilar

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips vigilar in 30 Seconds
Explanation vigilar in your Level:
When you are just starting to learn Spanish at the A1 beginner level, the verb 'vigilar' might seem a bit advanced or complicated, but it is actually a very useful and practical word for everyday situations. At this early stage of your language journey, you should focus entirely on the most basic, literal, and common meaning of 'vigilar', which is simply 'to watch' or 'to keep an eye on' something or someone to make sure they are safe. Imagine you are traveling in a Spanish-speaking country. You are sitting at a busy cafe with a new friend, and you suddenly need to go to the restroom. You might ask your friend to watch your bag or your coat. In Spanish, you would use the verb 'vigilar' for this exact, everyday situation. You are asking them to protect your belongings while you are away for a few minutes. This is a very practical, frequent, and essential use of the word that beginners can easily grasp, memorize, and start using immediately in real-life scenarios. Another extremely common scenario for A1 learners involves pets or small children. If you have a dog, you know that you need to watch it carefully when it is playing outside in the park. You need to 'vigilar' the dog to make sure it does not run away, bother other people, or eat something bad from the ground. Similarly, parents must constantly 'vigilar' their young children to keep them safe. By associating the verb 'vigilar' with these simple, relatable, daily tasks—watching a bag at a cafe, watching a pet in the park, watching a child at home—you can build a very strong, solid foundation for understanding this verb. It is also very important at the A1 level to learn how to conjugate 'vigilar' in the present tense. Fortunately, since it is a completely regular '-ar' verb, the conjugation is straightforward and follows the exact standard rules you are already learning for other verbs like 'hablar' or 'trabajar'. Yo vigilo, tú vigilas, él/ella/usted vigila, nosotros/nosotras vigilamos, vosotros/vosotras vigiláis, ellos/ellas/ustedes vigilan. Practicing these simple present tense forms will help you feel much more confident when speaking. You do not need to worry about complex past or future tenses just yet; mastering the present tense is the key goal for A1. Furthermore, try to remember that 'vigilar' often requires the personal 'a' when you are watching a specific person or a pet you care about. For example, 'Yo vigilo a mi hermano' (I watch my brother). This small grammatical detail is a great habit to form early on in your Spanish learning journey. In summary, for A1 learners, 'vigilar' is all about simple observation, protection of personal belongings, and basic caretaking, expressed primarily in the present tense.
Sign up free to read full explanation
As you progress to the A2 elementary level, your understanding and usage of the verb 'vigilar' should expand significantly beyond simple present-tense requests to watch a bag or a pet. At this stage, you are ready to start talking about past experiences, future plans, and daily routines using different verb tenses. You should now be comfortable using 'vigilar' in the preterite tense (to describe a specific time you watched something in the past) and the imperfect tense (to describe a continuous or habitual action of watching in the past). For example, you can now say 'Ayer vigilé la casa de mi vecino' (Yesterday I watched my neighbor's house) using the preterite, or 'Cuando era niño, mi abuela me vigilaba mucho' (When I was a child, my grandmother used to watch me a lot) using the imperfect. This ability to shift timeframes makes your Spanish much more dynamic and conversational. Furthermore, at the A2 level, you will start encountering 'vigilar' in broader, more societal contexts, particularly regarding basic security and rules. You will understand sentences like 'El guardia vigila el banco' (The guard watches the bank) or 'La policía vigila la calle' (The police watch the street). You should start recognizing the noun form 'el vigilante' (the security guard), which is very common in public spaces like shopping malls, museums, and train stations. You will also begin to see 'vigilar' used with direct object pronouns to make your sentences shorter and more natural. Instead of repeating the noun, you can say '¿Ves mi maleta? Por favor, vigílala' (Do you see my suitcase? Please, watch it). Mastering the placement of these pronouns—either attached to the end of an infinitive or placed before a conjugated verb—is a key A2 skill. Another important expansion at this level is using 'vigilar' to talk about health and diet in a simple way. You might hear a doctor say 'Tienes que vigilar tu peso' (You have to watch your weight) or 'Vigila lo que comes' (Watch what you eat). This introduces the metaphorical use of the verb, moving away from strictly physical guarding to personal monitoring and self-control. By practicing these new tenses, pronouns, and slightly more abstract contexts, you will solidify 'vigilar' as a core component of your active A2 vocabulary, allowing you to describe a much wider range of everyday situations, past events, and personal responsibilities with confidence and grammatical accuracy.
Reaching the B1 intermediate level marks a significant turning point in your Spanish proficiency, and your use of 'vigilar' must evolve to reflect this new complexity. At this stage, you are no longer just describing simple actions; you are expressing opinions, desires, doubts, and complex relationships between different events. The most crucial grammatical leap for 'vigilar' at the B1 level is its integration with the subjunctive mood. You will frequently use the structure 'vigilar que + subjunctive' to express the act of monitoring a situation to ensure a specific outcome occurs or is prevented. For example, 'El profesor vigila que los estudiantes no copien' (The teacher watches that the students don't cheat) or 'La madre vigila que el niño coma las verduras' (The mother watches that the boy eats his vegetables). Understanding why the subjunctive is required here—because the outcome is desired but not guaranteed, and one person is trying to influence the actions of another—is a hallmark of B1 mastery. Additionally, your vocabulary surrounding 'vigilar' will expand into professional, academic, and technological spheres. You will discuss how companies 'vigilan' their employees' productivity, how software 'vigila' computer networks for viruses, or how governments 'vigilan' the borders. You should be comfortable discussing the concept of surveillance ('la vigilancia') and the ethical debates surrounding it. You will also start using 'vigilar' in conditional sentences to give advice or talk about hypothetical situations: 'Si yo fuera tú, vigilaría mis gastos este mes' (If I were you, I would watch my expenses this month). At B1, you must also be acutely aware of the subtle differences between 'vigilar' and its synonyms, such as 'observar', 'controlar', and 'supervisar'. You should know that a manager 'supervisa' a project, a scientist 'observa' an experiment, but a security camera 'vigila' a parking lot. Choosing the precise verb for the specific context demonstrates intermediate fluency. Finally, you will become comfortable using 'vigilar' in the passive voice or with the impersonal 'se', which is very common in news reports and formal writing: 'Se vigila la zona constantemente' (The area is constantly monitored) or 'El edificio es vigilado por cámaras' (The building is monitored by cameras). By mastering the subjunctive triggers, expanding into professional contexts, differentiating synonyms, and utilizing passive structures, you will wield 'vigilar' with the nuance and sophistication expected of a solid B1 speaker.
Sign up free to read full explanation
At the B2 upper-intermediate level, your command of the Spanish language allows you to engage in deep, abstract, and highly nuanced discussions, and your use of 'vigilar' should reflect this advanced capability. You are expected to understand and utilize the verb in complex, metaphorical, and idiomatic ways that go far beyond physical guarding. At B2, 'vigilar' is frequently used in the context of abstract monitoring, data analysis, and systemic regulation. You will read articles and participate in debates about how social media algorithms 'vigilan' user behavior to target advertisements, how central banks 'vigilan' inflation rates to adjust monetary policy, or how environmental agencies 'vigilan' air quality indexes. The focus shifts from watching physical objects to tracking trends, statistics, and abstract phenomena. You must be entirely comfortable using 'vigilar' with advanced grammatical structures, such as the past perfect subjunctive or complex conditional clauses. For instance, 'Si la policía hubiera vigilado mejor la zona, el robo no habría ocurrido' (If the police had watched the area better, the robbery would not have happened). Furthermore, at this level, you should effortlessly navigate the subtle emotional and psychological undertones of the verb. You will understand the difference between a protective, caring 'vigilancia' (like a doctor monitoring a patient's recovery) and an oppressive, invasive 'vigilancia' (like a totalitarian government spying on its citizens). You will be able to discuss concepts like 'el estado de vigilancia' (the surveillance state) or 'la vigilancia masiva' (mass surveillance) with appropriate vocabulary and grammatical precision. You will also encounter and use 'vigilar' in idiomatic expressions or fixed phrases, such as 'vigilar de cerca' (to watch closely) or 'vigilar las espaldas' (to watch someone's back). Your ability to distinguish 'vigilar' from highly specific verbs like 'custodiar' (to guard something highly valuable or dangerous) or 'espiar' (to spy secretly) must be flawless. In professional settings, you will use 'vigilar' to describe quality control processes, risk management, and compliance auditing. You might write a formal report stating, 'Es imperativo que el comité vigile el cumplimiento de las nuevas normativas' (It is imperative that the committee monitors compliance with the new regulations). By integrating 'vigilar' into discussions of abstract concepts, complex grammar, societal issues, and professional jargon, you demonstrate the fluency, accuracy, and sophisticated vocabulary characteristic of a strong B2 learner.
Sign up free to read full explanation
Achieving the C1 advanced level means you possess a near-native command of Spanish, characterized by a deep understanding of nuance, register, and complex literary or academic usage. At this stage, your relationship with the verb 'vigilar' is highly sophisticated. You are not just using it to communicate basic ideas; you are employing it to craft precise, elegant, and impactful arguments in both spoken and written forms. At C1, you will encounter 'vigilar' in dense literary texts, legal documents, and academic papers, where its meaning might be highly specialized. In a legal context, 'vigilar' might refer to the strict oversight of a parolee or the regulatory compliance of a multinational corporation. You will comfortably use and understand derived nouns and adjectives like 'la vigilancia' (surveillance/monitoring), 'el/la vigilante' (the guard), 'vigilante' (adjective: watchful/vigilant), and 'el vigía' (the lookout/watchman, often used in historical or maritime contexts). You will appreciate the etymological weight of the word, understanding its connection to wakefulness and alertness (from the Latin 'vigilare', to stay awake). Your grammatical execution will be flawless, effortlessly weaving 'vigilar' into complex sentences involving multiple subordinate clauses, passive constructions, and nuanced subjunctive triggers. For example, 'El tribunal dictaminó que, a fin de que se garantizara la transparencia del proceso, una comisión independiente debería vigilar exhaustivamente el recuento de los votos' (The court ruled that, in order to guarantee the transparency of the process, an independent commission should exhaustively monitor the counting of the votes). You will also use 'vigilar' in highly abstract or poetic ways. A writer might describe how 'la luna vigilaba la ciudad dormida' (the moon watched over the sleeping city), personifying the celestial body to create a specific atmosphere. You will be fully capable of engaging in high-level philosophical or political discourse regarding the balance between security and privacy, debating the implications of 'vigilar' in the digital age, citing concepts like Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon and the psychological effects of constant observation. You will instinctively know when 'vigilar' sounds too aggressive and when a softer synonym like 'velar por' (to watch over/ensure) is more appropriate for the specific register and tone you wish to convey. At C1, 'vigilar' is a versatile tool in your extensive linguistic arsenal, used with precision, elegance, and a profound understanding of its cultural and contextual resonance.
Sign up free to read full explanation
At the C2 mastery level, your understanding and application of the Spanish language are virtually indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. Your use of the verb 'vigilar' transcends mere vocabulary acquisition; it involves a profound, intuitive grasp of its sociolinguistic implications, historical evolution, and stylistic potential across every conceivable register, from the most colloquial slang to the most elevated academic or literary prose. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, you manipulate 'vigilar' with absolute effortless precision. You understand the subtle, almost imperceptible shifts in meaning when 'vigilar' is placed in different syntactic positions or paired with highly specific adverbs. You are intimately familiar with the vast array of idiomatic expressions, regional variations, and colloquialisms that incorporate the concept of watching or guarding, even if they don't use the word 'vigilar' directly, and you know exactly when to substitute 'vigilar' for stylistic variety. In academic and professional spheres, you can draft complex legal contracts, medical protocols, or technical specifications where 'vigilar' is used to define strict parameters of oversight, liability, and compliance, ensuring absolute unambiguous clarity. You can deconstruct and analyze complex philosophical texts regarding the nature of surveillance, power dynamics, and social control, discussing how the act of 'vigilar' shapes human behavior and societal structures. You are aware of the historical connotations of the word, perhaps referencing the 'vigilantes' of the past or the evolution of state surveillance mechanisms. In literary contexts, you can appreciate and employ 'vigilar' to create mood, tension, or thematic depth, understanding how an author might use the relentless 'vigilancia' of a character or an environment to evoke paranoia or claustrophobia. You effortlessly navigate the nuances between 'vigilar', 'velar', 'custodiar', 'espiar', 'acechar' (to stalk/lurk), and 'escrutar' (to scrutinize), selecting the absolute perfect verb to convey the exact shade of meaning, intention, and emotion required by the context. Your command of the subjunctive mood, complex conditional structures, and passive voice in relation to 'vigilar' is entirely automatic and flawless. Ultimately, at the C2 level, 'vigilar' is not just a word you know; it is a concept you fully command, allowing you to articulate the most complex, abstract, and nuanced ideas regarding observation, security, and control with the eloquence, authority, and sophistication of a true master of the Spanish language.
Sign up free to read full explanation
Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

vigilar in 30 Seconds

  • Means 'to watch over', 'to guard', or 'to monitor'.
  • Requires the personal 'a' when watching a specific person.
  • Used for security, childcare, medical monitoring, and data tracking.
  • Regular -ar verb in all tenses (yo vigilo, tú vigilas).
The Spanish verb 'vigilar' is a highly versatile, frequently used, and essential word that translates primarily to 'to watch over,' 'to guard,' 'to monitor,' or 'to keep an eye on.' Understanding the full scope, depth, and nuance of 'vigilar' requires a comprehensive and deep dive into its various contexts, ranging from casual everyday situations to highly formal, legal, medical, or security-related environments. When you use the verb 'vigilar,' you are inherently implying a strong sense of continuous, active observation with a very specific, often protective or regulatory purpose—usually to protect someone, control a situation, or ensure that everything is functioning correctly and safely without any unexpected issues or dangers arising. Unlike the basic verb 'mirar,' which simply means to look at something casually or intentionally, or the verb 'ver,' which simply means to see or perceive with the eyes, 'vigilar' carries a profound, inherent sense of responsibility, duty, and active, sometimes stressful engagement. For instance, a dedicated security guard 'vigila' a large commercial building to prevent theft or vandalism, a caring parent 'vigila' their energetic children playing in a crowded public park to ensure they do not get lost or injured, and a highly trained medical doctor or nurse 'vigila' a critical patient's vital signs in an intensive care unit to react immediately to any sudden changes in their health status. This active, purposeful observation is exactly what sets 'vigilar' apart from other verbs related to sight. Let us explore the fundamental aspects, layers, and applications of this important word through various detailed examples, structural breakdowns, and contextual analyses. First, consider the physical act of guarding or protecting a location or person. This is perhaps the most direct, literal, and easily understood translation of 'vigilar.' It involves a person, an animal, or a technological system actively looking out for potential danger, unauthorized access, or unusual irregularities.
Physical Security
The act of protecting a physical space, such as a building, a home, or a specific geographical area, from unauthorized entry or potential harm.

El guardia de seguridad tiene que vigilar la entrada principal del banco durante toda la noche para evitar robos.

In a large residential complex, you might have a dedicated security guard whose sole, primary job is to 'vigilar' the main entrance and verify the identity of everyone who enters. This means they are not just passively looking at the people walking by; they are actively assessing, evaluating, analyzing, and remaining ready to act or intervene if necessary. Second, we have the modern, increasingly relevant concept of monitoring or surveillance. In our contemporary, highly technology-driven world, 'vigilar' is frequently and extensively used in the context of digital surveillance, data tracking, and systemic monitoring.
Digital Monitoring
The continuous observation of digital networks, data flows, or online activities to detect anomalies, fraud, or security breaches.

Las cámaras de seguridad de la ciudad sirven para vigilar el tráfico en las calles más concurridas.

Security cameras 'vigilan' the busy city streets to deter crime and monitor traffic flow, sophisticated software programs 'vigilan' corporate network traffic to prevent devastating cyberattacks, and large financial institutions 'vigilan' their clients' bank accounts for any signs of suspicious or fraudulent activity. This specific usage highlights the continuous, relentless, and often automated nature of the observation. Third, 'vigilar' is beautifully and frequently used in the context of caretaking, parenting, and familial responsibility. When a busy mother asks an older, responsible sibling to 'vigilar' the newborn baby for a few minutes while she cooks dinner, she is asking them to keep the baby safe, to ensure the baby doesn't fall off the bed, put something dangerous in their mouth, or start crying without comfort.
Caretaking Observation
Watching over a vulnerable person, such as a child, an elderly relative, or a pet, to ensure their safety and well-being.

Por favor, ¿puedes vigilar a mi perro un momento mientras entro a la tienda a comprar agua?

This form of 'vigilar' is deeply rooted in protection, love, care, and responsibility rather than suspicion, authority, or strict control. It is a very common everyday usage that learners will hear constantly in family environments. Fourth, we see 'vigilar' prominently featured in medical, scientific, and academic contexts. A dedicated nurse will carefully 'vigilar' a recovering patient's blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature after a major, complicated surgery.

El médico recomendó vigilar la evolución de la herida para evitar cualquier tipo de infección grave.

A meticulous scientist will 'vigilar' the complex results of an ongoing, long-term experiment to ensure the data is accurate and uncorrupted. Here, the word implies a highly meticulous, systematic, and professional observation aimed at gathering precise data, ensuring stability, and preventing negative outcomes. Finally, 'vigilar' can be used metaphorically or abstractly in relation to personal habits or abstract concepts. You might 'vigilar' your daily diet, meaning you are being very careful, conscious, and deliberate about what you eat to lose weight or improve your health.

Este año he decidido vigilar mis gastos mensuales para poder ahorrar dinero y comprar un coche nuevo.

You might 'vigilar' your monthly spending, meaning you are closely tracking your expenses, creating a budget, and avoiding unnecessary purchases to prevent going into debt. In these abstract cases, the 'watching' is internalized, referring to self-control, mindfulness, and personal discipline. To truly master the verb 'vigilar' and sound like a native Spanish speaker, one must fully grasp these subtle, important shifts in meaning, intent, and context, recognizing that it is a word of action, responsibility, and continuous attention.
Understanding exactly how to use the verb 'vigilar' correctly in a wide variety of Spanish sentences requires a solid grasp of its grammatical properties, its common syntactic structures, and the specific prepositions it frequently interacts with. 'Vigilar' is a completely regular verb ending in '-ar', which means it follows the standard, predictable conjugation patterns for all tenses and moods in the Spanish language. This makes it relatively easy for learners to memorize and apply in different temporal contexts, whether speaking about the past, present, or future. However, the true complexity and nuance of using 'vigilar' lie in its relationship with direct objects, indirect objects, and the crucial 'personal a' preposition. Let us break down the grammatical mechanics, syntactic rules, and practical applications of 'vigilar' in extensive detail to ensure you can use it flawlessly in any conversation or written text. First and foremost, 'vigilar' is a transitive verb. This means that it almost always requires a direct object to complete its meaning. You must watch *something* or watch *someone*. You cannot simply say 'Yo vigilo' (I watch) without implying a context that has already been established in the conversation.
Transitive Nature
The requirement of a direct object receiving the action of the verb to make the sentence grammatically complete and logically sound.

El profesor tiene que vigilar el examen para que los estudiantes no copien las respuestas.

In the example above, 'el examen' (the exam) is the direct object. The teacher is watching the exam. This is a straightforward, direct relationship between the subject, the verb, and the inanimate object. When the direct object is an inanimate thing, a concept, an animal (that is not a beloved pet), or a place, you simply place the noun directly after the verb without any preposition. For example, 'vigilar la casa' (to watch the house), 'vigilar el coche' (to watch the car), 'vigilar la situación' (to monitor the situation), or 'vigilar el fuego' (to watch the fire). However, the most critical grammatical rule to remember when using 'vigilar' is the application of the 'personal a'. In Spanish, whenever the direct object of a transitive verb is a specific, identifiable person or a beloved, personified pet, you must place the preposition 'a' immediately before the direct object.
The Personal 'A'
A mandatory preposition used before direct objects that refer to specific people or beloved pets, showing respect and grammatical correctness.

La niñera está encargada de vigilar a los niños mientras sus padres están en el cine.

In this sentence, because 'los niños' (the children) are specific people, the 'a' is absolutely mandatory: 'vigilar a los niños'. If you were to say 'vigilar los niños', it would sound grammatically incorrect and unnatural to a native speaker. This rule applies to names, titles, and pronouns. For example, 'vigilar a María' (to watch Maria), 'vigilar al sospechoso' (to watch the suspect - note the contraction of a + el = al), 'vigilar a mi perro' (to watch my dog - treating the dog as a family member). Furthermore, 'vigilar' is frequently used with direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las) to avoid repeating the noun. If someone asks, '¿Estás vigilando la casa?' (Are you watching the house?), you can reply, 'Sí, la estoy vigilando' or 'Sí, estoy vigilándola' (Yes, I am watching it). Notice how the pronoun 'la' replaces 'la casa'. If the object is a person, you still use the direct object pronouns. '¿Estás vigilando a los niños?' -> 'Sí, los estoy vigilando'.

El policía vio al ladrón y comenzó a vigilarlo desde la distancia sin que se diera cuenta.

Another important structural use of 'vigilar' is in conjunction with the conjunction 'que' followed by the subjunctive mood. This structure is used when you are watching or monitoring a situation to ensure that a specific outcome happens or does not happen. The formula is: Vigilar + que + [Subject] + [Verb in Subjunctive].
Vigilar que + Subjunctive
Used to express the act of monitoring a situation to ensure a specific event occurs or is prevented, requiring the subjunctive mood.

El jefe vigila que todos los empleados lleguen a tiempo a la oficina todos los días.

In this advanced but common structure, the boss is monitoring the situation *in order to ensure* that the employees arrive on time. Because there is an element of influence, desire, and uncertainty about the outcome, the subjunctive 'lleguen' is required. Another example: 'Vigila que el agua no hierva' (Watch that the water doesn't boil).

La madre vigila que el niño no se caiga mientras aprende a montar en bicicleta en el parque.

Finally, let's briefly touch upon the conjugation. As a regular '-ar' verb, the present tense is: yo vigilo, tú vigilas, él/ella/usted vigila, nosotros/nosotras vigilamos, vosotros/vosotras vigiláis, ellos/ellas/ustedes vigilan. The preterite (past) tense is equally regular: yo vigilé, tú vigilaste, él vigiló, nosotros vigilamos, vosotros vigilasteis, ellos vigilaron. The imperfect tense, used for continuous past actions (I was watching), is: yo vigilaba, tú vigilabas, él vigilaba, nosotros vigilábamos, vosotros vigilabais, ellos vigilaban. Mastering these regular forms, combined with the rules of the personal 'a' and direct object pronouns, will give you complete command over how to use 'vigilar' effectively and accurately.
The verb 'vigilar' is omnipresent in the Spanish-speaking world, echoing through a vast array of distinct environments, social situations, and professional contexts. Because the fundamental concept of watching, guarding, or monitoring is so deeply ingrained in human society, you will encounter this word in almost every facet of daily life, from the most intimate family settings to the most rigid, formal institutional environments. To truly understand the cultural and practical weight of 'vigilar,' we must explore the specific places, scenarios, and conversations where it most frequently appears. By familiarizing yourself with these common contexts, you will not only improve your listening comprehension but also learn how to deploy the word naturally and appropriately in your own speech. Let us embark on a detailed journey through the various domains where 'vigilar' is a key vocabulary word. The most obvious and perhaps most frequent context where you will hear 'vigilar' is in the realm of security, law enforcement, and crime prevention.
Law Enforcement
Police officers, detectives, and security personnel use this term constantly to describe their primary duties of maintaining order and preventing crime.

La policía decidió vigilar la casa del sospechoso durante varias semanas para reunir pruebas suficientes.

In news reports, police briefings, or crime dramas, you will constantly hear about officers 'vigilando' a suspect, a dangerous neighborhood, or a crime scene. Security guards in shopping malls, banks, and private residential communities are literally called 'vigilantes de seguridad,' and their job is to 'vigilar' the premises. Moving away from law enforcement, the second most common environment is the family home, specifically regarding parenting and childcare. Raising children requires constant attention, and Spanish-speaking parents use 'vigilar' daily to describe the act of keeping their kids safe.
Parenting and Childcare
The continuous, loving observation required to keep infants, toddlers, and young children safe from everyday household or outdoor hazards.

Cuando vayas a la piscina, tienes que vigilar a tu hermanito en todo momento porque no sabe nadar.

You will hear mothers telling fathers to 'vigilar' the baby while they shower, or parents instructing babysitters to 'vigilar' the children closely at the playground. This usage is softer, rooted in care rather than suspicion, but it still implies a high level of active, focused attention. Another critical context is the medical and healthcare sector. In hospitals, clinics, and doctors' offices, 'vigilar' is a standard, professional term used to describe the monitoring of a patient's health status, vital signs, or the progression of a disease.
Healthcare Monitoring
The systematic observation of a patient's physical condition, symptoms, or response to treatment by medical professionals.

Las enfermeras de la unidad de cuidados intensivos deben vigilar las constantes vitales de los pacientes cada hora.

Doctors will tell patients that they need to 'vigilar' a suspicious mole, 'vigilar' their blood sugar levels if they are diabetic, or 'vigilar' their cholesterol. It implies a clinical, scientific observation aimed at preventing negative health outcomes. The educational environment is also a place where 'vigilar' is frequently heard, particularly during examination periods. Teachers, professors, and exam invigilators are tasked with ensuring academic integrity.

Durante el examen final de matemáticas, tres profesores se paseaban por el aula para vigilar a los alumnos.

They must 'vigilar' the students to ensure no one is cheating, talking, or using unauthorized materials. This is a very specific, universally understood context for students of all ages. Finally, you will hear 'vigilar' in everyday, casual contexts related to personal belongings and public spaces. If you are sitting at a cafe in Madrid or a beach in Mexico and you need to use the restroom, you will likely ask a friend or even a friendly stranger to 'vigilar' your laptop, your bag, or your towel.

Oye, voy a pedir un café a la barra, ¿te importa vigilar mi mochila un segundo?

This casual request for temporary guardianship is a fundamental survival phrase for travelers and locals alike. By recognizing these diverse contexts—from the high-stakes world of police surveillance to the intimate care of a newborn, the clinical precision of a hospital, the strict rules of a classroom, and the casual trust of a coffee shop—you gain a holistic, comprehensive understanding of where and how 'vigilar' breathes life into the Spanish language.
When learning a new language, mastering the subtle nuances between similar verbs is often one of the most challenging hurdles, and the Spanish verb 'vigilar' is certainly no exception. English speakers, in particular, frequently stumble when trying to use 'vigilar' because English often uses the single, highly versatile verb 'to watch' to cover a multitude of different meanings and contexts. In Spanish, however, the concept of 'watching' is divided among several distinct verbs, primarily 'mirar', 'ver', 'observar', and 'vigilar'. Failing to understand the specific boundaries and implications of each can lead to confusing, unnatural, or even completely incorrect sentences. Let us meticulously examine the most common mistakes learners make with 'vigilar', dissecting why these errors occur and providing clear, actionable strategies to avoid them in your future conversations and writing. The single most prevalent mistake is confusing 'vigilar' with 'mirar' (to look at).
Vigilar vs. Mirar
Mirar is a passive or casual act of directing one's eyes at something, while vigilar is an active, purposeful act of guarding or monitoring.

INCORRECTO: Me gusta vigilar la televisión por la noche. (I like to guard the television at night.)

CORRECTO: Me gusta mirar la televisión por la noche. (I like to watch television at night.)

In English, we say 'I watch TV' or 'I watch a movie.' Because 'vigilar' translates to 'to watch,' beginners logically but incorrectly assume they can say 'vigilar la televisión.' However, 'vigilar' implies guarding against danger or monitoring for a specific outcome. If you say 'vigilo la televisión,' a native speaker will picture you standing next to the TV set with a weapon, protecting it from being stolen, rather than sitting on the couch enjoying a show. For entertainment, always use 'mirar' or 'ver'. Another frequent error is confusing 'vigilar' with 'ver' (to see). 'Ver' refers to the physical ability of sight or the passive reception of visual information.
Vigilar vs. Ver
Ver is the physical sense of seeing, while vigilar requires intentional, sustained focus and responsibility.

INCORRECTO: ¿Puedes vigilar ese pájaro en el árbol? (Can you guard that bird in the tree?)

CORRECTO: ¿Puedes ver ese pájaro en el árbol? (Can you see that bird in the tree?)

If you just want to know if someone's eyes can perceive an object, use 'ver'. 'Vigilar' would imply you want them to monitor the bird's behavior to ensure it doesn't do something dangerous, which is usually nonsensical. The third major vocabulary confusion happens with the verb 'cuidar' (to take care of). While 'vigilar' (to watch over) and 'cuidar' are closely related and sometimes overlap, they are not perfect synonyms.
Vigilar vs. Cuidar
Vigilar focuses on observation and security, while cuidar focuses on providing care, nourishment, and affection.

CONTEXTO: Si un niño está enfermo en la cama, la madre lo cuida (le da medicina, sopa). Si el niño está jugando cerca de un acantilado, la madre lo vigila (observa para que no se caiga).

You can 'vigilar' a prisoner, but you wouldn't 'cuidar' a prisoner (unless you are their doctor). You 'cuidar' a sick grandmother, but you 'vigilar' her heart rate. Understanding this distinction between active observation (vigilar) and active nurturing (cuidar) is crucial for advanced fluency. Beyond vocabulary mix-ups, the most significant grammatical mistake is the omission of the 'personal a'. As discussed in the 'How to Use It' section, when the direct object of 'vigilar' is a specific person or a beloved pet, the preposition 'a' is absolutely mandatory.

INCORRECTO: El guardia tiene que vigilar los prisioneros.

CORRECTO: El guardia tiene que vigilar a los prisioneros.

Leaving out the 'a' in this context is a glaring grammatical error that immediately marks you as a non-native speaker. Finally, learners sometimes struggle with the preposition used when asking someone to watch something *for* them. In English, we say 'watch my bag for me.' In Spanish, you do not need to translate 'for me' literally. You simply use the possessive adjective or an indirect object pronoun. Saying 'Vigila mi bolsa para mí' sounds clunky. It is much more natural to simply say 'Vigila mi bolsa' or 'Vigílame la bolsa' (using the indirect object pronoun 'me' to indicate it is for your benefit). By consciously avoiding these common pitfalls—distinguishing 'vigilar' from 'mirar', 'ver', and 'cuidar', and strictly remembering the 'personal a'—you will elevate your Spanish accuracy immensely.
To build a truly rich, sophisticated, and nuanced Spanish vocabulary, it is never enough to simply learn one word for a concept. You must explore the entire ecosystem of synonyms, related terms, and adjacent verbs to understand the subtle shades of meaning that native speakers use to express themselves precisely. The verb 'vigilar' exists within a large family of words related to observation, security, control, and care. While these words share a common semantic core, they each carry distinct connotations, levels of formality, and specific use cases. By analyzing these similar words and comparing them directly to 'vigilar,' you will dramatically improve your ability to choose the exact right word for any given situation, elevating your Spanish from functional to fluent. Let us embark on a detailed exploration of the most important verbs that are similar to, but distinct from, 'vigilar.' The closest and most common synonym is 'observar' (to observe).
Observar
To look at something carefully and attentively, usually to learn, analyze, or gather information, without necessarily implying protection or control.

El científico pasó horas en el laboratorio para observar el comportamiento de las células, no para vigilar que no escaparan.

While 'vigilar' implies looking out for danger or ensuring rules are followed, 'observar' is more neutral, academic, or analytical. A birdwatcher 'observa' birds to enjoy their beauty and note their species; a security guard 'vigila' a perimeter to stop intruders. You can use 'observar' in almost any context where you are paying close visual attention, making it a very safe and versatile alternative, though it lacks the protective edge of 'vigilar.' Another highly relevant word, especially in professional or hierarchical contexts, is 'supervisar' (to supervise).
Supervisar
To oversee a process, a project, or a group of workers to ensure that a specific task is being done correctly and efficiently.

El gerente de la fábrica tiene que supervisar la línea de producción, mientras que el guardia debe vigilar la puerta.

'Supervisar' is almost exclusively used in work, academic, or organizational environments. It implies a position of authority and a focus on the quality or completion of a task. While a boss might 'vigilar' employees to make sure they aren't stealing, they 'supervisar' the employees to make sure they are doing their jobs correctly. In contexts requiring high security or legal protection, you will encounter the verb 'custodiar' (to guard, to keep in custody).
Custodiar
To guard something highly valuable or dangerous with intense security, often involving armed personnel or strict legal protocols.

La policía armada tiene la orden de custodiar el furgón blindado que transporta el oro, no solo de vigilarlo.

'Custodiar' is much stronger and more formal than 'vigilar.' You 'vigilar' your laptop at a cafe, but heavily armed guards 'custodiar' the Mona Lisa at the Louvre. It implies physical possession and absolute responsibility for the safety of the object or person. A more general verb that often overlaps with 'vigilar' is 'controlar' (to control, to check, to monitor).

El médico necesita controlar tu presión arterial cada semana, por lo que te pedirá que te la vigiles en casa también.

In many dialects of Spanish, especially in Spain and parts of South America, 'controlar' is used extensively to mean 'to monitor' or 'to check on.' You can 'controlar' the temperature of an oven, 'controlar' the tickets at an entrance, or 'controlar' a chaotic situation. It shares the regulatory aspect of 'vigilar' but is broader, encompassing physical manipulation as well as visual observation. Finally, on the more negative or secretive end of the spectrum, we have 'espiar' (to spy on).

El detective privado fue contratado para espiar al marido infiel, mientras que la policía estaba allí para vigilar el edificio público.

'Espiar' involves watching someone secretly, usually to discover private information or secrets. 'Vigilar' is typically done openly; a security camera is visible, a guard wears a uniform. If you are 'vigilando' someone without their knowledge to find out their secrets, you have crossed the line into 'espiando.' By understanding the subtle boundaries between observar (analytical), supervisar (managerial), custodiar (high-security), controlar (regulatory), espiar (secretive), and vigilar (protective/monitoring), you gain a profound mastery over this semantic field.

How Formal Is It?

Difficulty Rating

Grammar to Know

The Personal 'A'

Direct Object Pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

Subjunctive with Verbs of Influence (Vigilar que...)

Passive Voice (Ser vigilado)

Impersonal 'Se' (Se vigila)

Sign up free to read full explanation

Examples by Level

1

Yo vigilo mi maleta en el aeropuerto.

I watch my suitcase at the airport.

Present tense, regular -ar conjugation. Direct object 'mi maleta' does not need the personal 'a'.

2

El perro vigila la casa por la noche.

The dog watches the house at night.

Third-person singular present tense. 'La casa' is the direct object.

3

Por favor, vigila mi teléfono un momento.

Please, watch my phone for a moment.

Informal imperative (command) form 'vigila'.

4

La madre vigila al bebé en el parque.

The mother watches the baby in the park.

Uses the personal 'a' (al = a + el) because the direct object is a person.

5

Nosotros vigilamos el coche de nuestro amigo.

We watch our friend's car.

First-person plural 'nosotros' form in the present tense.

6

¿Tú vigilas a los niños hoy?

Are you watching the children today?

Question format in the present tense, using the personal 'a' for 'los niños'.

7

El guardia vigila la puerta principal.

The guard watches the main door.

Common vocabulary association: 'guardia' and 'vigilar'.

8

Ellos vigilan sus mochilas en la escuela.

They watch their backpacks at school.

Third-person plural present tense.

1

Ayer vigilé la tienda de mi tío todo el día.

Yesterday I watched my uncle's store all day.

Preterite tense 'vigilé' for a completed action in the past.

2

Cuando era pequeño, mi perro me vigilaba siempre.

When I was little, my dog always watched me.

Imperfect tense 'vigilaba' for a continuous past action. Uses direct object pronoun 'me'.

3

Voy a vigilar la sopa para que no se queme.

I am going to watch the soup so it doesn't burn.

Future structure 'ir a + infinitive'.

4

¿Vigilaste a tu hermana pequeña anoche?

Did you watch your little sister last night?

Preterite question, using the personal 'a'.

5

Las cámaras de seguridad vigilan el aparcamiento.

The security cameras watch the parking lot.

Vocabulary expansion: 'cámaras de seguridad'.

6

El médico me dijo que debo vigilar mi dieta.

The doctor told me I must watch my diet.

Metaphorical use of 'vigilar' meaning to monitor or control.

7

No te preocupes, yo lo vigilo por ti.

Don't worry, I'll watch it for you.

Use of the direct object pronoun 'lo' replacing an inanimate object.

8

Los profesores vigilaban el examen en silencio.

The teachers were watching the exam in silence.

Imperfect tense describing a background action in the past.

1

El jefe vigila que todos los empleados lleguen a tiempo.

The boss watches that all employees arrive on time.

Requires the subjunctive 'lleguen' after 'vigila que'.

2

Es importante que vigilemos nuestros gastos este mes.

It is important that we watch our expenses this month.

Impersonal expression 'Es importante que' triggers the subjunctive 'vigilemos'.

3

Si yo fuera tú, vigilaría de cerca esa inversión.

If I were you, I would watch that investment closely.

Conditional tense 'vigilaría' used for giving advice.

4

La policía ha estado vigilando al sospechoso durante semanas.

The police have been watching the suspect for weeks.

Present perfect continuous structure 'ha estado vigilando'.

5

Me pidieron que vigilara la entrada trasera del edificio.

They asked me to watch the back entrance of the building.

Past subjunctive 'vigilara' triggered by a past request 'pidieron que'.

6

Se vigila la zona para evitar incendios forestales.

The area is monitored to prevent forest fires.

Impersonal 'se' construction, very common in formal or public contexts.

7

El software vigila la red para detectar posibles virus.

The software monitors the network to detect possible viruses.

Technological context where 'vigilar' translates best to 'monitor'.

8

Aunque vigiles al niño, los accidentes pueden ocurrir.

Even if you watch the child, accidents can happen.

Concessive clause with 'Aunque' + subjunctive 'vigiles' for a hypothetical situation.

1

El banco central vigila la inflación para ajustar los tipos de interés.

The central bank monitors inflation to adjust interest rates.

Abstract, economic context. 'Vigilar' means to track data trends.

2

Si hubieran vigilado mejor las fronteras, el contrabando habría disminuido.

If they had watched the borders better, smuggling would have decreased.

Past perfect subjunctive 'hubieran vigilado' in a complex conditional sentence.

3

El paciente permanecerá en la UCI para que los médicos vigilen su evolución.

The patient will remain in the ICU so that doctors can monitor their progress.

Medical context. Subjunctive 'vigilen' triggered by 'para que' (so that).

4

La organización de derechos humanos vigila el cumplimiento de los tratados internacionales.

The human rights organization monitors compliance with international treaties.

Formal, legal/political context. 'Vigilar el cumplimiento' is a strong collocation.

5

Es fundamental establecer un sistema que vigile la calidad del agua potable.

It is fundamental to establish a system that monitors the quality of drinking water.

Subjunctive 'vigile' in an adjective clause modifying an indefinite antecedent ('un sistema').

6

Me siento incómodo sabiendo que el algoritmo vigila cada clic que hago.

I feel uncomfortable knowing that the algorithm monitors every click I make.

Digital surveillance context. Expressing emotion/opinion regarding the action.

7

Tras la cirugía, se le recomendó vigilar cualquier signo de infección.

After the surgery, he was advised to watch for any sign of infection.

Passive/impersonal structure 'se le recomendó' followed by the infinitive.

8

Los padres deben vigilar el contenido que sus hijos consumen en internet.

Parents must monitor the content their children consume on the internet.

Societal/parenting context regarding digital media.

1

El comité de ética fue instaurado con el propósito de vigilar la transparencia de las investigaciones.

The ethics committee was established with the purpose of monitoring the transparency of the investigations.

Highly formal, academic/institutional register. Use of passive voice 'fue instaurado'.

2

La constante vigilancia a la que estaba sometido le provocó un agudo cuadro de paranoia.

The constant surveillance to which he was subjected caused him an acute case of paranoia.

Uses the noun form 'vigilancia' in a psychological/literary context.

3

Es imperativo que los organismos reguladores vigilen de cerca las fusiones corporativas para evitar monopolios.

It is imperative that regulatory bodies closely monitor corporate mergers to prevent monopolies.

Advanced economic/legal vocabulary. Subjunctive 'vigilen' triggered by 'Es imperativo que'.

4

Desde el faro, el viejo marinero vigilaba el horizonte, esperando una tormenta que nunca llegó.

From the lighthouse, the old sailor watched the horizon, waiting for a storm that never arrived.

Literary, narrative style using the imperfect tense to set a scene.

5

El tratado estipula que una coalición internacional vigilará el alto el fuego en la región en conflicto.

The treaty stipulates that an international coalition will monitor the ceasefire in the conflict region.

Geopolitical context. Future tense 'vigilará' in a formal declarative sentence.

6

No basta con legislar; hay que dotar de recursos a las instituciones que vigilan la aplicación de la ley.

It is not enough to legislate; resources must be provided to the institutions that monitor the application of the law.

Complex argumentative structure typical of essays or political discourse.

7

La aplicación móvil vigila tus patrones de sueño mediante los sensores del dispositivo.

The mobile app monitors your sleep patterns through the device's sensors.

Technical/scientific context regarding biometric data.

8

El auditor se encargó de vigilar que los fondos públicos no fuesen malversados.

The auditor was in charge of monitoring that public funds were not embezzled.

Financial/legal context. Past subjunctive 'fuesen' triggered by a past action of monitoring.

1

La novela distópica explora las ramificaciones psicológicas de vivir en una sociedad donde el Estado vigila hasta el más mínimo pensamiento.

The dystopian novel explores the psychological ramifications of living in a society where the State monitors even the slightest thought.

Literary analysis context. Uses 'hasta' for emphasis.

2

El panóptico de Bentham es el paradigma arquitectónico diseñado para vigilar sin ser visto, internalizando así la disciplina.

Bentham's panopticon is the architectural paradigm designed to watch without being seen, thus internalizing discipline.

Philosophical/sociological discourse. Infinitive used as a concept.

3

Resulta irónico que, en nuestro afán por vigilar nuestra privacidad, cedamos voluntariamente nuestros datos a corporaciones tecnológicas.

It is ironic that, in our eagerness to guard our privacy, we voluntarily yield our data to tech corporations.

Complex sentence expressing irony and societal critique. Subjunctive 'cedamos'.

4

El celo con el que el curador vigila la integridad de la colección roza la obsesión patológica.

The zeal with which the curator guards the integrity of the collection borders on pathological obsession.

Advanced vocabulary ('celo', 'roza'). 'Vigilar' used to mean fiercely protect.

5

Cualquier alteración en los biomarcadores debe ser vigilada exhaustivamente para anticipar el inicio de la metástasis.

Any alteration in the biomarkers must be exhaustively monitored to anticipate the onset of metastasis.

Highly specialized medical/oncological jargon. Passive voice 'ser vigilada'.

6

El acuerdo de confidencialidad es tan estricto que los abogados vigilan con lupa cada declaración pública de los exdirectivos.

The non-disclosure agreement is so strict that the lawyers scrutinize every public statement of the former executives.

Idiomatic expression 'vigilar con lupa' (to watch with a magnifying glass/scrutinize).

7

La omnipresencia de las cámaras ha transformado el espacio público en un escenario donde todos vigilamos y somos vigilados simultáneamente.

The omnipresence of cameras has transformed public space into a stage where we all watch and are watched simultaneously.

Sociological observation. Contrast between active ('vigilamos') and passive ('somos vigilados').

8

A fin de que la tregua perdurase, se estableció un contingente neutral cuya única potestad era vigilar el repliegue de las tropas.

In order for the truce to endure, a neutral contingent was established whose sole authority was to monitor the withdrawal of the troops.

Historical/military context. Imperfect subjunctive 'perdurase' and advanced vocabulary ('potestad', 'repliegue').

Common Collocations

vigilar de cerca
vigilar la entrada
vigilar a los niños
vigilar la salud
vigilar el peso
vigilar la zona
vigilar el cumplimiento
cámaras para vigilar
vigilar constantemente
vigilar estrictamente

Common Phrases

Vigilar las espaldas (To watch someone's back)
Vigilar con lupa (To watch very closely/scrutinize)
Vigilar de reojo (To watch out of the corner of one's eye)
Estar vigilado (To be under surveillance)
Vigilar los pasos (To watch one's steps/actions)
Vigilar la dieta (To watch one's diet)
Vigilar el fuego (To watch the fire/stove)
Vigilar el sueño (To watch over someone sleeping)
Vigilar la frontera (To guard the border)
Vigilar el tráfico (To monitor traffic)

Often Confused With

vigilar vs mirar

vigilar vs ver

vigilar vs cuidar

Idioms & Expressions

"Tener a alguien muy vigilado (To keep a close eye on someone)"
"No dejar de vigilar (To not let out of one's sight)"
"Vigilar como un halcón (To watch like a hawk)"
"Estar bajo vigilancia (To be under surveillance)"
"Vigilar la retaguardia (To watch the rear/back)"
"Vigilar el gallinero (To guard the henhouse - often used ironically)"
"Vigilar la cartera (To watch one's wallet/spending)"
"Vigilar la lengua (To watch one's tongue/language)"
"Vigilar el reloj (To watch the clock)"
"Vigilar el horizonte (To watch the horizon/look to the future)"

Easily Confused

vigilar vs

vigilar vs

vigilar vs

vigilar vs

vigilar vs

Sentence Patterns

Sign up free to see all examples

How to Use It

nuance

Carries a stronger sense of duty and potential intervention than 'observar'.

formality

Can be used in both highly formal contexts (legal documents) and very informal contexts (asking a friend to watch a drink).

regionalisms

Universally understood across all Spanish-speaking regions without major variations in core meaning.

Common Mistakes
  • Translating 'I watch TV' as 'Yo vigilo la televisión' instead of 'Yo veo/miro la televisión'.
  • Forgetting the personal 'a' when watching a person (saying 'Vigilo los niños' instead of 'Vigilo a los niños').
  • Confusing 'vigilar' (to guard/monitor) with 'cuidar' (to nurture/take care of).
  • Using the indicative instead of the subjunctive after 'vigilar que' (saying 'Vigila que el niño no cae' instead of 'Vigila que el niño no se caiga').
  • Translating 'watch it for me' literally as 'vigílalo para mí' instead of the more natural 'vigílame esto' or simply 'vigílalo'.

Tips

Don't Forget the Personal 'A'

This is the most critical grammatical rule for 'vigilar'. If the direct object is a specific human being or a beloved pet, you must put the preposition 'a' before it. Say 'Vigilo a los niños', not 'Vigilo los niños'. This rule applies even if you use a pronoun like 'alguien' (Vigilo a alguien). Forgetting it sounds very unnatural to native speakers.

Never Use for Entertainment

English speakers often translate 'I watch TV' as 'Vigilo la televisión'. This is incorrect and sounds funny in Spanish. 'Vigilar' means to guard or monitor for danger. If you say you 'vigilar' the TV, it means you are protecting it from thieves. Always use 'ver' or 'mirar' when watching screens, movies, or sports for fun.

Perfect for Travelers

'Vigilar' is an essential survival word for traveling in Spanish-speaking countries. If you are at a beach, a cafe, or a library and need to step away, you will need this verb. Memorize the phrase '¿Me puedes vigilar esto un momento?' (Can you watch this for me for a moment?). It is polite, clear, and universally understood.

Subjunctive Trigger

When you use 'vigilar' to express that you are watching a situation to make sure something specific happens (or doesn't happen), you must use the subjunctive mood. The formula is 'Vigilar que + [Subjunctive]'. For example, 'Vigila que el agua no hierva' (Watch that the water doesn't boil). This shows you are trying to influence the outcome.

Medical Monitoring

Don't limit 'vigilar' to police or security contexts. It is the standard verb used in healthcare for 'monitoring' a patient's condition. Doctors will tell you to 'vigilar' a fever, a wound, or your diet. Understanding this medical usage will help you navigate pharmacies and doctor's appointments in Spanish-speaking countries.

Soft V and Harsh G

To pronounce 'vigilar' correctly, remember two key phonetic rules in Spanish. First, the 'v' is pronounced exactly like a soft 'b'. Second, the 'g' before an 'i' makes a harsh, guttural sound, similar to the English 'h' but stronger (like the 'ch' in Scottish 'loch'). Practice saying 'bi-hi-LAR' with the stress on the final syllable.

Vigilar vs. Observar

While both mean to look at something carefully, their intents are different. Use 'observar' when you are looking to learn, analyze, or enjoy (like observing nature or a science experiment). Use 'vigilar' when you are looking to protect, control, or prevent something bad from happening (like a guard or a parent).

Using Object Pronouns

Native speakers rarely repeat the noun when asking someone to watch something. Instead of saying 'Vigila mi coche', they will often use a direct object pronoun. If someone asks '¿Ves mi coche?', you reply 'Sí, lo vigilo' (Yes, I'm watching it). Practice attaching pronouns to the imperative: 'Vigílalo' (Watch it).

Digital Surveillance

In modern contexts, 'vigilar' is the go-to verb for discussing digital privacy, tracking, and algorithms. You can talk about how apps 'vigilan' your data or how companies 'vigilan' your online activity. It perfectly captures the concept of automated, continuous monitoring in the tech world.

Vigilar de cerca

To sound more native, use the common collocation 'vigilar de cerca'. It translates literally to 'to watch from up close', but it means 'to keep a close eye on' or 'to monitor closely'. For example, 'El jefe está vigilando de cerca el nuevo proyecto' (The boss is keeping a close eye on the new project).

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a VIGILANT security guard named VIGI LARry who never sleeps.

Visual Association

Picture a glowing, unblinking eye hovering over a bank vault, representing constant, active monitoring.

Word Origin

From Latin 'vigilare', meaning 'to keep awake' or 'to watch'.

Cultural Context

In Spain, 'vigilante de seguridad' is a highly regulated profession. You will often hear people simply call them 'el segurata' (slang, slightly derogatory) or 'el vigilante'.

In Mexico, neighborhood watch programs are common, and signs saying 'Vecinos Vigilando' (Neighbors Watching) are frequently seen on houses to deter crime.

In Argentina, the word 'vigilante' can also refer to a type of sweet pastry (a croissant-like dough with quince or sweet potato paste), named supposedly because it was a favorite snack of police officers on duty.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Conversation Starters

"¿Crees que las cámaras en las calles ayudan a vigilar la ciudad o invaden la privacidad?"

"Cuando eras niño, ¿quién te vigilaba cuando tus padres trabajaban?"

"¿Sueles vigilar lo que comes o comes de todo?"

"¿Alguna vez te han pedido que vigiles algo y lo has perdido?"

"¿Qué opinas de las aplicaciones que vigilan la ubicación de los hijos?"

Journal Prompts

Describe una vez que tuviste que vigilar a un niño o una mascota. ¿Fue difícil?

Escribe sobre la importancia de vigilar la salud mental en la sociedad actual.

Imagina que eres un vigilante nocturno en un museo. Describe tu rutina.

¿Cómo crees que la tecnología vigilará nuestras vidas en el futuro?

Escribe una historia corta sobre un detective que vigila a un sospechoso misterioso.

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

No, this is a very common mistake. You should never use 'vigilar' for watching television, movies, or sports for entertainment. 'Vigilar' implies guarding or monitoring for danger. If you say 'vigilo la televisión', it sounds like you are a security guard protecting the physical TV set from being stolen. Always use 'ver' or 'mirar' for entertainment (e.g., 'Veo la televisión').

You only need the personal 'a' when the direct object you are watching is a specific person or a beloved pet. For example, 'Vigilo a mi hermano' (I watch my brother) or 'Vigilo a mi perro' (I watch my dog). If you are watching an inanimate object, a place, or a concept, you do not use the 'a'. For example, 'Vigilo la casa' (I watch the house) or 'Vigilo mi peso' (I watch my weight).

'Vigilar' focuses on observation, security, and preventing harm by keeping an eye on something. 'Cuidar' focuses on nurturing, providing care, and maintaining well-being. For example, a security guard 'vigila' a building. A nurse 'cuida' a sick patient by giving them medicine. A parent does both: they 'cuidan' their child by feeding them, and they 'vigilan' their child at the park so they don't get lost.

Yes, 'vigilar' is a completely regular verb ending in '-ar'. It follows the standard conjugation patterns for all tenses and moods without any stem changes or spelling irregularities. In the present tense, it is: vigilo, vigilas, vigila, vigilamos, vigiláis, vigilan. In the preterite, it is: vigilé, vigilaste, vigiló, vigilamos, vigilasteis, vigilaron. This makes it very easy to learn and conjugate.

The idiomatic expression for 'watch your back' in Spanish is 'vigilar las espaldas'. You can use it literally or metaphorically, just like in English. For example, 'Tienes que vigilar tus espaldas en este negocio' (You have to watch your back in this business). You can also use it to say you are protecting someone else: 'Yo te vigilo las espaldas' (I've got your back / I'm watching your back).

Yes, 'vigilar' is extremely common in medical contexts. It translates to 'to monitor' or 'to keep under observation'. Doctors and nurses use it to talk about tracking a patient's vital signs, the progression of a disease, or the healing of a wound. For example, 'Tenemos que vigilar su presión arterial' (We have to monitor his blood pressure) or 'Vigile la herida por si hay infección' (Watch the wound in case of infection).

The structure 'vigilar que' is used when you are monitoring a situation to ensure that a specific action happens or does not happen. Because it involves influencing an outcome, it must be followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood. For example, 'El profesor vigila que los alumnos no copien' (The teacher watches that the students don't cheat). It is a very common structure for expressing rules or oversight.

The word 'vigilante' can be used as both a noun and an adjective in Spanish. As a noun, 'el vigilante' or 'la vigilante' refers to a security guard or a watchman. As an adjective, it means 'watchful' or 'vigilant', describing someone who is alert and paying close attention. For example, 'El perro estaba muy vigilante' (The dog was very watchful).

The most natural and common way to ask this in Spanish is to use the verb 'vigilar' with an indirect object pronoun or a possessive adjective. You can say, '¿Puedes vigilar mi bolso un momento?' (Can you watch my bag for a moment?). Even more naturally, you can say, '¿Me vigilas el bolso?' (Will you watch the bag for me?). This is a polite and standard request.

The primary abstract noun form of 'vigilar' is 'la vigilancia', which translates to 'surveillance', 'monitoring', or 'watchfulness'. It is used to describe the act or state of observing. For example, 'cámaras de vigilancia' (surveillance cameras) or 'estar bajo vigilancia' (to be under surveillance). Another related noun is 'el vigilante', which refers to the person doing the watching (the guard).

Sign up free for tips & notes

Test Yourself 180 questions

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

Sign up free to practice

Related Content

Was this helpful?

Comments (0)

Login to Comment
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts!