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اضطراب داشتن

B1 verb #4,500 most common 5 min read

اضطراب داشتن

ezterab dashtan Top 4,500

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips اضطراب داشتن in 30 Seconds

Explanation اضطراب داشتن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'ezterāb' means anxiety and it is used with the verb 'dāshtan' (to have). You can use it in simple sentences like 'I have anxiety' (Man ezterāb dāram). Focus on the present tense and simple subjects like 'I', 'you', and 'he/she'. You don't need to worry about complex prepositions yet. Just remember that it's a feeling you 'have' rather than something you 'are'. It's a useful word for expressing basic feelings of being nervous about a class or a meeting.

At the A2 level, you should start using prepositions like 'az' (from/about) with 'ezterāb dāshtan'. You can say things like 'I have anxiety about the exam' (Man az emtehān ezterāb dāram). You should also be able to use it in the past tense (ezterāb dāshtam) and ask simple questions to others about their feelings. You might also start to notice the difference between 'ezterāb' and 'negarāni' (worry), where 'ezterāb' feels a bit more intense and physical.

At the B1 level, you are expected to use this verb more naturally in conversations about mental health, work-life balance, and personal experiences. You should be comfortable using adverbs to modify the intensity, such as 'ezterāb-e shadid' (severe anxiety) or 'kami ezterāb' (a little anxiety). You can also use it in more complex sentence structures, including conditional sentences like 'If I have anxiety, I drink herbal tea'. You start to understand that 'ezterāb' is the standard term used in professional and social settings to describe a state of unease.

At the B2 level, you can discuss the causes and effects of anxiety using 'ezterāb dāshtan'. You should be able to integrate it into discussions about psychology, sociology, or health. You will use it with more sophisticated vocabulary, such as 'ezterāb-e nāshi az...' (anxiety resulting from...). You also begin to recognize the nuances between 'ezterāb dāshtan' and its synonyms like 'tashvish' or 'del-shoreh', choosing the right one based on the social context and the specific feeling you want to convey.

At the C1 level, you use 'ezterāb dāshtan' with precision in academic or professional discourse. You can analyze the concept of anxiety in literature or news reports. You are aware of the clinical implications of the word and can use it to describe chronic conditions. You also understand the cultural connotations of the word in Iranian society, including how it relates to concepts of 'āberu' (reputation) or social pressure. Your usage is fluent, and you can manipulate the verb in all tenses and moods, including the subjunctive.

At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of the word. You can use it in highly formal writing, poetic contexts, or complex psychological analyses. You understand the historical etymology of 'ezterāb' and how it has evolved in the Persian language. You can use it to express subtle shades of meaning, perhaps contrasting it with existential dread or metaphysical unrest. You are also able to identify and use rare, archaic synonyms in appropriate literary contexts while maintaining a perfect grasp of modern usage.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

اضطراب داشتن in 30 Seconds

A compound verb meaning 'to have anxiety'.
Used with the auxiliary verb 'dāshtan' (to have).
Commonly paired with the preposition 'az' (from/about).
Describes a state of being, not a single action.

The Persian verb اضطراب داشتن (ezterāb dāshtan) is a fundamental compound verb used to describe the internal state of experiencing anxiety, apprehension, or a sense of being unsettled. Unlike simple worry, which is often expressed as 'negarāni', ezterāb carries a heavier, more physiological weight, often implying a state of agitation or a clinical feeling of unease. In Persian culture, this term is used both in medical contexts and in daily conversations to describe the 'butterflies in the stomach' before a big event or the chronic feeling of stress that many face in modern life.

Literal Meaning: To have agitation or to possess a state of commotion within the soul.
Psychological Depth: It refers to a state of unease, such as fear or dread, that can be mild or severe, often without a specific or immediate cause.

من همیشه قبل از امتحان‌های بزرگ اضطراب دارم و نمی‌توانم به خوبی بخوابم.

(I always have anxiety before big exams and I cannot sleep well.)

آیا شما هم در محیط‌های شلوغ اضطراب دارید؟

(Do you also experience anxiety in crowded environments?)

کودک به دلیل دوری از مادرش اضطراب داشت.

(The child had anxiety due to being away from his mother.)

بسیاری از مردم از پرواز کردن اضطراب دارند.

(Many people have anxiety about flying.)

او سعی می‌کرد نشان ندهد که چقدر اضطراب دارد.

(He was trying not to show how much anxiety he had.)

Register: Standard, Formal, and Clinical. It is safe to use in all contexts from a doctor's office to a talk with a friend.
Synonym Note: Often confused with 'del-shoreh' (heart-wash), which is a more poetic or informal way to say one has a 'gut feeling' of anxiety.

Using اضطراب داشتن correctly requires understanding its relationship with prepositions. Most commonly, you have anxiety about something. In Persian, this is often expressed using 'az' (from) or 'darbare-ye' (about). For example, 'Man az ayandeh ezterab daram' (I have anxiety about/from the future). It is a stative verb, meaning it describes a state of being rather than a sudden action. If you want to say you 'became' anxious, you would switch to 'ezterab gereftan'.

Preposition: Az (از): Used when the source of anxiety is a specific object or event. 'Az emtehan ezterab daram'.
Preposition: Darbare-ye (درباره): Used for more abstract topics or general situations. 'Darbare-ye natije-ye kar ezterab daram'.

او از اینکه در جمع صحبت کند، اضطراب داشت.

(He had anxiety about speaking in public.)

نباید اجازه دهی که اضطراب داشتن مانع پیشرفت تو شود.

(You shouldn't let having anxiety prevent your progress.)

بیمار به دلیل جراحی پیش رو اضطراب شدیدی داشت.

(The patient had severe anxiety due to the upcoming surgery.)

Negative Form: To say you don't have anxiety, use 'nadāram'. 'Man ezterāb nadāram'.

In contemporary Iran, mental health awareness is on the rise, and ezterāb is a word you will hear frequently in podcasts, TV talk shows, and medical dramas. It is the standard term used by psychologists (ravān-shenās) and psychiatrists (ravān-pezeshk). However, in everyday street life, you might hear people say 'dāram az negrāni mimiram' (I'm dying of worry), but when they want to sound more precise or describe a persistent feeling, they switch to اضطراب داشتن. You will also find it in literature and poetry, though often replaced by more classical terms like 'tashvish'.

اخبار تلویزیون درباره‌ی اضطراب ناشی از تورم صحبت می‌کرد.

(The TV news was talking about anxiety caused by inflation.)

در پادکست‌های روانشناسی، راه‌های مقابله با اضطراب داشتن را یاد می‌دهند.

(In psychology podcasts, they teach ways to cope with having anxiety.)

One of the most common mistakes English speakers make is using the verb 'to be' (budan) instead of 'to have' (dāshtan). In English, we say 'I am anxious'. In Persian, you must say 'I have anxiety'. Saying 'Man ezterāb hastam' is grammatically incorrect and sounds like you are saying 'I am the concept of anxiety itself'. Another mistake is confusing 'ezterāb' with 'stress'. While 'stress' is used in Persian as a loanword, 'ezterāb' is the more formal and internal term.

Incorrect: من خیلی اضطراب هستم (Man kheyli ezterāb hastam).
Correct: من خیلی اضطراب دارم (Man kheyli ezterāb dāram).

اشتباه رایج: استفاده از فعل 'بودن' به جای 'داشتن' هنگام صحبت از اضطراب.

Persian is rich with words for emotions. Depending on the intensity and the cause of the feeling, you might choose a different word. 'Negarāni' is the most common alternative for general worry. 'Del-shoreh' is used for a physical, nervous feeling in the gut. 'Tashvish' is a more literary or formal word for mental agitation. 'Huarās' implies a deeper fear or dread.

نگرانی (Negarāni): Focuses on 'worry' or 'concern'. Usually has a specific object (e.g., worried about health).
دلهره (Delhoreh): A sudden pang of anxiety or apprehension, often about a future event.
تشویش (Tashvish): Mental confusion or disturbance. Used in formal writing.

او به جای اضطراب داشتن، فقط کمی نگران به نظر می‌رسید.

(Instead of having anxiety, he just seemed a bit worried.)

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The root 'D-R-B' is the same root used for 'zarb' (to hit/multiplication) and 'zarba' (a blow). So, anxiety is metaphorically like being 'hit' or 'shaken' from within.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /ezteˈrɒːb dɒːʃtæn/

US /ezteˈrɑːb dɑːʃtæn/

The primary stress is on the last syllable of 'ezterāb' and the first syllable of 'dāshtan'.

Rhymes With

entekhāb (choice) ezterāb (anxiety) āftāb (sun) shatāb (haste) sarāb (mirage) javāb (answer) khāb (sleep) āb (water)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'ez' as 'iz'.
Shortening the long 'ā' in 'ezterāb'.
Failing to pronounce the 'h' in 'dāshtan'.
Merging 'ezterāb' and 'dāshtan' into one word without a slight pause.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable of 'ezterāb'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

The word itself is Arabic, but easy to recognize once learned.

Writing 4/5

Spelling 'اضطراب' with 'ض' and 'ط' can be tricky for beginners.

Speaking 3/5

The pronunciation is straightforward, but the compound verb structure needs practice.

Listening 2/5

Very common word, easily heard in various media.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

داشتن دل ترس نگران احساس

Learn Next

مضطرب تنش آرامش روان‌شناسی درمان

Advanced

تشویش دلهره پریشانی وسواس فوبیا

Grammar to Know

Compound Verbs with 'Dāshtan'

Man ezterāb dāram (I have anxiety) - No 'mi-' in present simple.

Prepositional Phrases

Az chizi ezterāb dāshtan (To have anxiety from/about something).

Word Order with Adjectives

Ezterāb-e shadid (Severe anxiety) - Adjective follows the noun with Ezafe.

Negation of 'Dāshtan'

Ezterāb nadāram (I don't have anxiety).

Past Tense Construction

Man ezterāb dāshtam (I had anxiety).

Examples by Level

من اضطراب دارم.

I have anxiety.

Simple present tense with 'man'.

او اضطراب دارد.

He/She has anxiety.

Third person singular.

آیا تو اضطراب داری؟

Do you have anxiety?

Interrogative form.

ما اضطراب نداریم.

We don't have anxiety.

Negative form.

آن‌ها خیلی اضطراب دارند.

They have a lot of anxiety.

Using 'kheyli' as an adverb.

چرا اضطراب داری؟

Why do you have anxiety?

Using 'charā' (why).

من کمی اضطراب دارم.

I have a little anxiety.

Using 'kami' (a little).

او همیشه اضطراب دارد.

He always has anxiety.

Using 'hamisheh' (always).

من از امتحان اضطراب دارم.

I have anxiety about the exam.

Using preposition 'az'.

دیروز خیلی اضطراب داشتم.

Yesterday I had a lot of anxiety.

Past tense.

او از سگ‌ها اضطراب دارد.

He has anxiety about dogs.

Specific object of anxiety.

آیا شما از پرواز اضطراب دارید؟

Do you have anxiety about flying?

Formal 'shomā'.

بچه از تاریکی اضطراب داشت.

The child had anxiety about the darkness.

Past tense 'dāsht'.

من برای مصاحبه اضطراب دارم.

I have anxiety for the interview.

Using 'barāye' (for).

او هیچ اضطرابی نداشت.

He had no anxiety at all.

Negative past with 'hich'.

ما از آینده اضطراب داریم.

We have anxiety about the future.

Abstract concept.

اگر اضطراب داری، نفس عمیق بکش.

If you have anxiety, take a deep breath.

Conditional sentence.

او به خاطر کارش اضطراب شدیدی دارد.

He has severe anxiety because of his work.

Using 'be khāter-e' (because of).

بسیاری از نوجوانان اضطراب اجتماعی دارند.

Many teenagers have social anxiety.

Specific term 'ezterāb-e ejtemā'i'.

من ترجیح می‌دهم وقتی اضطراب دارم، تنها باشم.

I prefer to be alone when I have anxiety.

Complex sentence with 'vaghti'.

داشتن اضطراب در این شرایط طبیعی است.

Having anxiety in this situation is normal.

Gerund form 'dāshtan'.

او سعی می‌کند بر اضطرابش غلبه کند.

He is trying to overcome his anxiety.

Possessive suffix '-ash'.

آیا راهی برای کاهش اضطراب دارید؟

Do you have a way to reduce anxiety?

Inquiry about solutions.

من هر وقت او را می‌بینم، اضطراب می‌گیرم.

Whenever I see him, I get anxiety.

Contrast with 'gereftan' (to get).

اضطراب داشتن می‌تواند روی سلامت جسمی اثر بگذارد.

Having anxiety can affect physical health.

Infinitive as subject.

او از اینکه نتواند وظایفش را انجام دهد، اضطراب داشت.

He had anxiety about not being able to perform his duties.

Noun clause with 'az inke'.

مدیریت اضطراب برای موفقیت در زندگی ضروری است.

Managing anxiety is essential for success in life.

Abstract noun usage.

برخی افراد به صورت ژنتیکی مستعد اضطراب داشتن هستند.

Some people are genetically predisposed to having anxiety.

Scientific context.

او با وجود اضطراب داشتن، سخنرانی بسیار خوبی کرد.

Despite having anxiety, he gave a very good speech.

Using 'bā vojud-e' (despite).

ریشه بسیاری از بیماری‌ها در اضطراب داشتن نهفته است.

The root of many diseases lies in having anxiety.

Metaphorical usage.

آیا اضطراب داشتن همیشه یک امر منفی است؟

Is having anxiety always a negative thing?

Philosophical inquiry.

او از قضاوت دیگران اضطراب دائمی دارد.

He has constant anxiety about others' judgment.

Using 'dā'emi' (constant).

اضطراب داشتن در دنیای مدرن به یک اپیدمی تبدیل شده است.

Having anxiety has become an epidemic in the modern world.

Sociological context.

او در نوشته‌هایش به زیبایی حس اضطراب داشتن را توصیف می‌کند.

In his writings, he beautifully describes the feeling of having anxiety.

Literary analysis.

پدیده اضطراب داشتن از دیدگاه‌های مختلف روان‌شناختی قابل بررسی است.

The phenomenon of having anxiety can be examined from various psychological perspectives.

Academic tone.

او چنان اضطرابی داشت که کلمات را فراموش می‌کرد.

He had such anxiety that he would forget the words.

Result clause with 'chonān... ke'.

نباید اضطراب داشتن را با ترس‌های گذرا اشتباه گرفت.

One should not confuse having anxiety with fleeting fears.

Passive construction.

بحران‌های اقتصادی همواره با اضطراب داشتن توده مردم همراه است.

Economic crises are always accompanied by the anxiety of the masses.

Political/Economic context.

او سال‌ها با اضطراب داشتن دست و پنجه نرم کرده بود.

He had struggled with having anxiety for years.

Idiomatic expression 'dast o panje narm kardan'.

تاثیرات مخرب اضطراب داشتن بر روابط زناشویی غیرقابل انکار است.

The destructive effects of having anxiety on marital relationships are undeniable.

Formal academic statement.

اضطراب داشتن، به مثابه غباری است که بر آینه روح می‌نشیند.

Having anxiety is like a dust that settles on the mirror of the soul.

Highly poetic/metaphorical.

در فلسفه اگزیستانسیالیسم، اضطراب داشتن جزئی جدایی‌ناپذیر از هستی انسان است.

In existentialist philosophy, having anxiety is an inseparable part of human existence.

Philosophical terminology.

او در سکوت خود، اضطرابی جانکاه را پنهان کرده بود.

In his silence, he had hidden a soul-crushing anxiety.

Using 'jān-kāh' (soul-crushing).

تجلی اضطراب داشتن در آثار هنری سوررئالیستی به وضوح دیده می‌شود.

The manifestation of having anxiety is clearly seen in surrealist artworks.

Art criticism context.

او با ظرافتی خاص، مرز میان اضطراب داشتن و هوشیاری را ترسیم کرد.

With a particular delicacy, he drew the boundary between having anxiety and alertness.

Abstract nuance.

اضطراب داشتن می‌تواند محرکی برای خلق آثار بدیع ادبی باشد.

Having anxiety can be a stimulus for creating original literary works.

Creative context.

او از تکرار تاریخ و فجایع بشری اضطرابی بی‌پایان داشت.

He had an endless anxiety about the repetition of history and human catastrophes.

Broad historical context.

پیچیدگی‌های روان‌شناختی اضطراب داشتن، فراتر از تعاریف ساده پزشکی است.

The psychological complexities of having anxiety go beyond simple medical definitions.

High-level analytical statement.

Common Collocations

اضطراب شدید

اضطراب اجتماعی

کاهش اضطراب

منشأ اضطراب

احساس اضطراب

اضطراب مزمن

غلبه بر اضطراب

اضطراب جدایی

دوری از اضطراب

عوامل اضطراب‌زا

Common Phrases

اضطراب امتحان

— Test anxiety or exam nerves.

بسیاری از دانش‌آموزان دچار اضطراب امتحان هستند.

دچار اضطراب شدن

— To become afflicted with or suffer from anxiety.

او در محیط‌های جدید دچار اضطراب می‌شود.

رفع اضطراب

— To remove or alleviate anxiety.

ورزش راهی برای رفع اضطراب است.

اضطراب وجودی

— Existential anxiety.

او همیشه با اضطراب وجودی دست به گریبان است.

بدون اضطراب

— Without anxiety; calmly.

او بدون هیچ اضطرابی صحبت کرد.

اضطراب پس از سانحه

— Post-traumatic anxiety/stress.

سربازان ممکن است به اضطراب پس از سانحه مبتلا شوند.

منبع اضطراب

— The source of anxiety.

پول منبع اصلی اضطراب اوست.

حمله اضطراب

— Anxiety attack.

او دیشب دچار حمله اضطراب شد.

اضطراب پنهان

— Hidden or underlying anxiety.

او در ظاهر آرام بود اما اضطراب پنهان داشت.

کنترل اضطراب

— Anxiety control.

او در کلاس‌های کنترل اضطراب شرکت کرد.

Often Confused With

اضطراب داشتن vs استرس داشتن

Stress is often external, while Ezterab is the internal emotional response.

اضطراب داشتن vs ترسیدن

Tarsidan is fear of a specific, present danger; Ezterab is about future or vague possibilities.

اضطراب داشتن vs نگران بودن

Negaran budan is cognitive worry; Ezterab is more emotional and physical.

Idioms & Expressions

"دلش مثل سیر و سرکه می‌جوشد"

— To be extremely anxious or worried (literally: his heart boils like garlic and vinegar).

از وقتی او رفته، دل مادرش مثل سیر و سرکه می‌جوشد.

Informal

"بند دلش پاره شد"

— To be suddenly and intensely frightened or anxious.

با صدای انفجار، بند دلش پاره شد.

Informal

"رنگش مثل گچ سفید شد"

— To turn as white as chalk due to anxiety or fear.

وقتی خبر را شنید، رنگش مثل گچ سفید شد.

Neutral

"دست و پایش را گم کرد"

— To lose one's composure or become confused due to anxiety.

در مصاحبه دست و پایش را گم کرد.

Informal

"دلش لرزید"

— His heart trembled (with anxiety or fear).

با دیدن پلیس، دلش لرزید.

Literary/Informal

"نفسش در سینه حبس شد"

— His breath was caught in his chest (due to anxiety).

از اضطراب زیاد، نفسش در سینه حبس شد.

Literary

"خون سرد شدن"

— To have one's blood run cold (with anxiety/fear).

از شدت اضطراب، خون در رگ‌هایش سرد شد.

Literary

"دل تو دلش نبود"

— To be very restless or anxious (literally: there was no heart in his heart).

برای دیدن نتیجه، دل تو دلش نبود.

Informal

"عرق سرد بر پیشانی‌اش نشست"

— Cold sweat settled on his forehead.

از اضطراب زیاد، عرق سرد بر پیشانی‌اش نشست.

Neutral

"زبانش بند آمد"

— To become tongue-tied due to anxiety.

وقتی او را دید، از اضطراب زبانش بند آمد.

Informal

Easily Confused

اضطراب داشتن vs مضطرب

It's the adjective form.

Ezterāb is the noun; Moztarib is the person who feels it.

او یک مرد مضطرب است.

اضطراب داشتن vs دلهره

Similar meaning.

Delhoreh is more of a sudden, sharp feeling of dread.

دلهره عجیبی دارم.

اضطراب داشتن vs تشویش

Formal synonym.

Tashvish is more about mental confusion and is very formal.

تشویش اذهان عمومی.

اضطراب داشتن vs هراس

Stronger meaning.

Haras is closer to 'terror' or 'intense dread'.

هراس از مرگ.

اضطراب داشتن vs بی‌قراری

Result of anxiety.

Bi-gharari is the physical restlessness that comes with anxiety.

او از بی‌قراری آرام نداشت.

Sentence Patterns

[Subject] اضطراب دارم/داری/دارد.

من اضطراب دارم.

[Subject] از [Noun] اضطراب دارم.

او از سگ اضطراب دارد.

وقتی [Clause]، اضطراب دارم.

وقتی تنهام، اضطراب دارم.

[Subject] اضطراب [Adjective] دارم.

ما اضطراب شدیدی داریم.

داشتنِ اضطراب [Verb Phrase].

داشتن اضطراب مانع کار است.

[Subject] به دلیل [Noun] اضطراب داشتم.

او به دلیل ترافیک اضطراب داشت.

[Noun Clause] باعث اضطراب داشتن می‌شود.

بی‌پولی باعث اضطراب داشتن می‌شود.

اضطراب داشتن، [Metaphor/Philosophy].

اضطراب داشتن، سایه روح است.

Word Family

Nouns

اضطراب (Anxiety)

مضطرب (Anxious person)

Verbs

اضطراب داشتن (To have anxiety)

مضطرب کردن (To make anxious)

مضطرب شدن (To become anxious)

Adjectives

مضطرب (Anxious)

اضطراب‌آور (Anxiety-inducing)

نگرانی

تنش

استرس

دلهره

ترس

How to Use It

frequency

Very high in both clinical and daily conversational Persian.

Common Mistakes

من اضطراب هستم. → من اضطراب دارم.
You cannot 'be' anxiety; you must 'have' it.
او اضطراب می‌کند. → او اضطراب دارد.
The verb 'kardan' is not used with 'ezterāb' in this sense.
اضطراب برای امتحان. → اضطراب از امتحان.
The preposition 'az' is more natural than 'barāye' in many contexts.
من مضطرب دارم. → من اضطراب دارم.
'Moztarib' is an adjective. You can't 'have' an adjective.
او اضطرابِ شدید است. → او اضطرابِ شدیدی دارد.
Again, using 'is' instead of 'has' and missing the indefinite 'i'.

Tips

Avoid 'To Be'

Always remember that in Persian, emotions like anxiety are 'had' not 'been'. Use 'dāshtan'.

Use Adverbs

Enhance your speech by adding 'shadid' (severe) or 'kami' (a little) after 'ezterāb'.

The 'Z' Sound

The letter 'ض' is pronounced like a plain 'z' in Persian, not like the Arabic 'd'.

Politeness

When asking about someone's anxiety, it's often more polite to use 'negarāni' unless you are close friends.

Spelling

Pay attention to the 'ط' (Tā) in 'ezterāb'. It's not the 'ت' (Te) sound.

Context Clues

If you hear 'emtehān' (exam) or 'mosāhebe' (interview), 'ezterāb' is likely to follow.

Intonation

Rise your pitch at the end of 'dāri?' to turn it into a question: 'Ezterāb dāri?'

Root Connection

Connect it to 'zarb' (hit). Anxiety is like a hit to your peace.

Compound Verbs

Remember that only the 'dāshtan' part changes when you conjugate.

Literary Synonyms

Try using 'tashvish' in your essays to sound more academic.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'EZ' (easy) + 'TER' (tear) + 'AB' (water). When you have anxiety, it's not 'EZ' (easy), you might 'TER' (tear) up, and need 'AB' (water) to calm down.

Visual Association

Imagine a person standing in a 'commotion' of waves (the Arabic root meaning), feeling shaken and unsteady.

Word Web

Mind Heartbeat Sweat Fear Future Exam Pressure Calm

Challenge

Try to use 'ezterāb dāshtan' in three different tenses today: present, past, and with a modal like 'should'.

Word Origin

The word 'ezterāb' is of Arabic origin (اضطراب), derived from the root 'D-R-B' (ض ر ب), which literally means 'to strike' or 'to hit'. In the eighth form (Ifti'āl), it means to be in a state of commotion, agitation, or disturbance.

Original meaning: Commotion, agitation, or being tossed about.

Semitic (root) adapted into Indo-European (Persian).

Cultural Context

Be empathetic when someone says they have 'ezterāb'. It's a serious feeling in Persian culture.

In English, we often use 'stress' and 'anxiety' interchangeably, but 'ezterāb' is specifically 'anxiety'.

The Blind Owl by Sadegh Hedayat (filled with themes of anxiety). Modern Iranian pop songs often mention 'ezterāb' and 'del-shoreh'. Psychology columns in Iranian newspapers like 'Etemad'.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Before an exam

اضطراب امتحان
از امتحان اضطراب دارم
کمی اضطراب طبیعی است
نفس عمیق بکش

At the doctor

احساس اضطراب دارم
خوابم نمی‌برد
تپش قلب دارم
اضطرابم شدید است

Social events

اضطراب اجتماعی
در جمع اضطراب دارم
خجالت می‌کشم
اعتماد به نفس ندارم

Work/Job

اضطراب کاری
فشار کاری
از رئیسم اضطراب دارم
مهلت تمام شده

Family/Relationships

اضطراب جدایی
نگران بچه‌ها هستم
رابطه‌مان اضطراب‌آور است
آرامش نداریم

Conversation Starters

"آیا تا به حال قبل از یک سخنرانی بزرگ اضطراب داشته‌اید؟"

"به نظر شما بهترین راه برای مقابله با اضطراب داشتن چیست؟"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید تکنولوژی باعث افزایش اضطراب در مردم شده است؟"

"وقتی اضطراب دارید، چه فعالیت‌هایی به شما آرامش می‌دهد؟"

"چگونه می‌توان به دوستی که اضطراب شدیدی دارد کمک کرد؟"

Journal Prompts

امروز در چه موقعیت‌هایی احساس اضطراب داشتی؟ دلیل آن چه بود؟

تفاوت بین نگرانی ساده و اضطراب داشتن را از دیدگاه خودت بنویس.

یک خاطره از زمانی که بر اضطراب خود غلبه کردی را شرح بده.

اگر می‌توانستی اضطراب را به یک رنگ یا شکل تشبیه کنی، آن چه بود؟

برنامه‌ات برای کاهش اضطراب در هفته آینده چیست؟

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Yes, it is the standard and formal way to say 'to have anxiety'. However, it is also used in neutral everyday speech.

No, that is incorrect. You must use 'dāshtan' (to have). In Persian, you 'have' anxiety.

'Negarāni' is general worry or concern, while 'ezterāb' is a more intense, often physiological state of anxiety.

Usually 'az' (from) is used, but 'darbare-ye' (about) is also common for abstract topics.

You would use the verb 'gereftan' (to get/catch): 'Man dāram ezterāb migiram'.

'Del-shoreh' is a very common informal/idiomatic way to express a similar feeling.

Yes, it is the primary word used in psychology and medicine in Iran.

Yes, you can say 'Bache ezterāb dārad' (The child has anxiety).

You say 'Ezterāb nadāshteh bāsh' or more simply 'Negarān nabāsh'.

The most direct opposite is 'ārāmesh' (calm/peace).