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B1 noun 8 min read

بیهوش

bihush
Examples بیهوش in 30 Seconds
Explanation بیهوش in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should learn 'bihush' as a basic descriptive word. Think of it as 'not awake' because of a health reason. You will mostly see it in very simple sentences like 'U bihush ast' (He is unconscious). It is helpful to learn it alongside 'doctor' and 'hospital.' At this stage, focus on the physical state: someone who is 'bihush' cannot talk or see you. It is a useful word for emergencies. You don't need to worry about the complex grammar yet, just recognize the word when you hear it in a movie or see it in a basic text about health. Remember 'bi' means 'no' and 'hush' is like 'mind.' So 'no mind' means they are not aware.
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At the A2 level, you start using 'bihush' with the verb 'shodan' (to become). You can say 'U bihush shod' to mean 'He fainted.' This is a common way to describe a small accident or someone getting sick. You should also learn the word 'hospital' (bimarestan) and 'ambulance' (ambulans) to use with it. At this level, you might also hear the word 'bihushi' (unconsciousness) as a noun. You can start to differentiate between 'sleep' (khab) and 'unconscious' (bihush). Practice saying simple reasons why someone might become 'bihush,' like 'az garma' (from heat) or 'az tars' (from fear).
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As a B1 learner, you should be able to use 'bihush' in both its intransitive form (bihush shodan - to faint) and its transitive form (bihush kardan - to make someone unconscious/anesthetize). This is the level where medical contexts become important. You should know that a 'doctor-e bihushi' is an anesthesiologist. You can use 'bihush' in more complex sentences with conjunctions like 'chon' (because) or 'vaghti' (when). For example: 'Vaghti khun did, bihush shod' (When he saw blood, he fainted). You should also be aware of the polite alternative 'az hal raftan.'
At the B2 level, you should understand the nuance between 'bihush' and its synonyms like 'ghash' and 'madhush.' You can use 'bihush' in formal writing, such as a report about an accident or a medical essay. You should also understand the passive and perfect forms, like 'bihush shodeh ast' (has become unconscious). You can start using 'bihush' in metaphorical ways, though 'madhush' is more common for poetry. You should be able to discuss the process of surgery and anesthesia using the noun 'bihushi' comfortably. Your pronunciation should be clear, especially the 'h' sound.
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At the C1 level, you should be familiar with the literary and historical uses of 'bihush.' You can read classical poetry where 'bihush' describes a mystical state. You should also be able to use the word in academic or professional medical discussions. You understand the prefix 'bi-' and how it applies to other words like 'bi-savar' or 'bi-khab,' allowing you to see the structural logic of the Persian language. You can use 'bihush' to describe complex psychological states, such as being 'unconscious' of a social problem, though this is more metaphorical. You are expected to handle the word in any register, from slang to high literature.
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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'bihush.' You can use it to explain the philosophy of 'hush' (consciousness) in Persian thought. You can distinguish between very subtle shades of meaning, such as the difference between a medical 'bihushi,' a 'ghash' from low blood pressure, and the 'madhushi' of a Sufi mystic. You can use the word in puns, wordplay, or high-level academic discourse. You are also familiar with regional variations in how the word is used across the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan). You can write a detailed medical report or a piece of literary criticism involving the concept of consciousness.
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Examples

بیهوش in 30 Seconds

  • Bihush means unconscious or fainted in Persian.
  • It is a compound of 'bi' (without) and 'hush' (mind/consciousness).
  • Used with 'shodan' to mean 'to faint' and 'kardan' to mean 'to anesthetize'.
  • Essential for medical, emergency, and dramatic contexts in Persian speaking.
The Persian word بیهوش (bihush) is a fascinating compound that serves as a cornerstone for medical, dramatic, and everyday descriptions of loss of consciousness. At its linguistic core, the word is formed by the prefix بی- (bi-), meaning 'without,' and the noun هوش (hush), which translates to 'consciousness,' 'intellect,' or 'awareness.' Therefore, the literal translation is 'without consciousness.' In a medical setting, this word is the standard term for someone who is under general anesthesia or who has lost consciousness due to trauma. However, its usage extends far beyond the hospital walls.
Medical Context
In clinical environments, 'bihush' refers to the state of being unresponsive to stimuli. Anesthesiologists are called 'motakhases-e bihushi' (specialists of unconsciousness). This highlights the word's formal and technical weight.
Everyday Incidents
If someone faints on the street due to heat or low blood sugar, bystanders will shout that the person is 'bihush shodeh' (has become unconscious). It describes a visible state of physical limpness and lack of response.

مصدوم هنوز بیهوش است و به هوش نیامده است. (The injured person is still unconscious and has not regained consciousness.)

Literary Nuance
Classical poets like Rumi or Hafez often use the root 'hush' to describe the rational mind. To be 'bihush' in a mystical sense is to transcend the ego and rational thought to connect with the divine.

او از شدت بوی گل‌ها بیهوش شد. (He became unconscious/faint from the intense scent of the flowers.)

دکتر بیمار را برای جراحی بیهوش کرد. (The doctor made the patient unconscious for surgery.)

صدای انفجار باعث شد همه برای لحظاتی بیهوش شوند. (The sound of the explosion caused everyone to be unconscious for a few moments.)

آیا او هنوز بیهوش است یا چشمانش را باز کرده؟ (Is he still unconscious or has he opened his eyes?)

The word carries a sense of vulnerability. When someone is 'bihush,' they are entirely dependent on others for protection and care. This depth of meaning makes it a powerful word in both dramatic storytelling and clinical practice. Understanding 'bihush' requires recognizing that 'hush' is more than just 'intelligence'; it is the very spark of being present in the world. To be 'bi-hush' is to have that spark temporarily extinguished.
Using بیهوش (bihush) correctly involves understanding its relationship with auxiliary verbs to form compound verbs. The two most common pairings are with شدن (shodan - to become) and کردن (kardan - to do/make).
Intransitive Use: Bihush Shodan
This means 'to faint' or 'to lose consciousness.' It is used when the loss of consciousness happens to the subject. Example: 'U az tars bihush shod' (He fainted from fear).
Transitive Use: Bihush Kardan
This means 'to anesthetize' or 'to knock someone out.' It is used when an agent (like a doctor or a blow to the head) causes someone else to lose consciousness. Example: 'Parastar u ra bihush kard' (The nurse anesthetized him).

وقتی خبر را شنید، ناگهان بیهوش روی زمین افتاد. (When she heard the news, she suddenly fell unconscious on the ground.)

The Passive Form
While 'bihush shodan' covers most passive-like meanings, you might see 'bihush shodeh' (having become unconscious) used as a participle to describe a state. Example: 'Bimar-e bihush shodeh ra be otagh avardand' (They brought the anesthetized patient into the room).

پزشک بیهوشی قبل از عمل بیمار را بیهوش می‌کند. (The anesthesiologist makes the patient unconscious before the surgery.)

او به دلیل کمبود اکسیژن در کوهستان بیهوش شد. (He became unconscious in the mountains due to lack of oxygen.)

نباید اجازه دهیم بیمار برای مدت طولانی بیهوش بماند. (We must not let the patient remain unconscious for a long time.)

ضربه به سرش آنقدر شدید بود که بلافاصله بیهوش شد. (The blow to his head was so severe that he immediately became unconscious.)

In more advanced Persian, you will encounter the noun form بیهوشی (bihushi), which means 'unconsciousness' or 'anesthesia.' You can use this to describe the field of study or the state itself: 'Doreh-ye bihushi' (The period of unconsciousness). When writing, ensure you don't confuse 'bihush' with 'bi-havas' (absent-minded). While both involve a lack of 'hush' or 'havas' (senses), 'bihush' is a total physical shutdown, whereas 'bi-havas' is just being distracted.
The word بیهوش (bihush) is ubiquitous in several specific domains of Iranian life and media.
Medical Dramas and News
Persian television is full of medical dramas where 'bihush' is a cliffhanger word. In news reports concerning accidents (tasadofat), you will frequently hear: 'Chand nafar bihush shodehand' (Several people have become unconscious). It is the standard term used by paramedics and news anchors alike.
In the Hospital
If you ever find yourself in an Iranian hospital, the 'Otagh-e Bihushi' (Anesthesia Room) or 'Bakhsh-e Bihushi' (Anesthesia Department) are essential signs to recognize. Doctors will ask patients: 'Ta be hal bihush shodeid?' (Have you ever been anesthetized/unconscious before?).

تیم پزشکی در تلاش است تا فرد بیهوش را احیا کند. (The medical team is trying to revive the unconscious person.)

Literature and Poetry
In classical Persian poetry, 'bihush' is often used metaphorically. A lover might become 'bihush' from the beauty of the beloved. This doesn't mean a literal medical faint, but a state of being 'lost' in emotion. This usage is common in songs and romantic literature.

شاعر از زیبایی معشوق بیهوش و مدهوش گشت. (The poet became unconscious and stunned by the beloved's beauty.)

در فیلم‌های پلیسی، دزدها معمولاً قربانی را با دارو بیهوش می‌کنند. (In detective movies, thieves usually make the victim unconscious with drugs.)

او پس از دو روز که بیهوش بود، بالاخره بیدار شد. (After being unconscious for two days, he finally woke up.)

پرستار گفت که بیمار هنوز در حالت بیهوشی است. (The nurse said the patient is still in a state of unconsciousness.)

You will also hear 'bihush' in sports commentary, especially in combat sports like wrestling or karate, if an athlete suffers a knockout. The commentator might yell: 'Ooh! Bihush shod!' (Oh! He's out cold!). In every context, 'bihush' signals a significant and often alarming transition from being present to being absent from the physical world.
Learners of Persian often encounter a few specific pitfalls when using بیهوش (bihush). The most frequent error is confusing it with words that look similar but have vastly different social meanings.
Mistake 1: Bihush vs. Bishur
This is the most dangerous mistake. 'Bihush' means unconscious. 'Bishur' (بی‌شعور) means 'idiot' or 'rude/unprincipled person.' Because they both start with 'bi-' and end with a similar sound, beginners sometimes mix them up. Calling someone 'bihush' when they are conscious might sound like you think they are fainting; calling them 'bishur' is a serious insult.
Mistake 2: Incorrect Auxiliary Verbs
Learners often try to use 'bihush kardan' when they mean 'to faint.' Remember: 'Bihush shodan' is for the person fainting. 'Bihush kardan' is for the person (like a doctor) doing the action to someone else. If you say 'Man bihush kardam,' it sounds like you knocked someone else out, not that you fainted yourself.

اشتباه: من از ترس بیهوش کردم. (Mistake: I 'did' unconscious from fear.) -> درست: من از ترس بیهوش شدم. (Correct: I 'became' unconscious from fear.)

Mistake 3: Over-using 'Bihush' for Sleep
In English, we say someone is 'out cold' when they are sleeping very deeply. In Persian, 'bihush' is generally reserved for medical or emergency states. For a deep sleep, Persians use 'khab-e sangin' (heavy sleep) or 'mesl-e khers khabidan' (sleeping like a bear). Using 'bihush' for sleep might make people think there is a medical emergency.

اشتباه: او آنقدر خسته بود که بیهوش شد. (Mistake: He was so tired he became unconscious.) -> This implies he collapsed from exhaustion, not that he just fell asleep.

او بیهوش است. (He is unconscious.) vs. او خواب است. (He is asleep.)

دقت کنید که بیهوش را با بی‌حس اشتباه نگیرید. (Be careful not to confuse 'bihush' with 'bi-hess' - numb/local anesthesia.)

در فارسی محاوره، گاهی به جای بیهوش از 'غش کرد' استفاده می‌شود. (In colloquial Persian, 'ghash kard' - he fainted - is often used instead of 'bihush shod'.)

Finally, remember that 'bihush' is an adjective, but 'bihushi' is the noun (unconsciousness/anesthesia). Mixing these up is common: 'Man bihushi shodam' is incorrect; it should be 'Man bihush shodam' or 'Man dar halat-e bihushi budam'.
Persian offers several alternatives to بیهوش (bihush), depending on the severity and the context of the loss of consciousness.
Ghash (غش)
This specifically means 'fainting.' While a person who has fainted is 'bihush,' 'ghash' is the action of fainting. It is very common in spoken Persian. Example: 'Az garma ghash kard' (He fainted from the heat).
Az hal raftan (از حال رفتن)
Literally 'to go out of one's state.' This is a polite and very common way to say someone fainted or lost consciousness. It feels more natural in casual conversation than the more clinical 'bihush shodan.'

او ناگهان از حال رفت و ما خیلی ترسیدیم. (He suddenly lost consciousness/fainted and we were very scared.)

Madhush (مدهوش)
This is a more literary and poetic term. It implies being 'stunned,' 'bewildered,' or 'intoxicated' by something beautiful. It is less about a medical condition and more about a mental state of awe.

همه از شنیدن آن موسیقی زیبا مدهوش شدند. (Everyone was stunned/enchanted by hearing that beautiful music.)

Koma (کما)
For a long-term, deep state of unconsciousness, Persian uses the loanword 'Koma.' While a person in a coma is technically 'bihush,' 'koma' indicates the severity and duration.

بیمار متأسفانه به کما رفته است. (The patient has unfortunately gone into a coma.)

او بیهوش روی تخت بیمارستان افتاده بود. (He lay unconscious on the hospital bed.)

پزشک سعی کرد با استفاده از دارو او را بیهوش نگه دارد. (The doctor tried to keep him unconscious using medication.)

In summary, use 'bihush' for the general state of being out, 'ghash' for a quick faint, 'az hal raftan' for a polite description of fainting, and 'madhush' when you want to sound poetic or describe being overwhelmed by beauty.
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Examples by Level

1

او بیهوش است.

He is unconscious.

Subject + Adjective + Verb (to be).

2

آیا بیمار بیهوش است؟

Is the patient unconscious?

Question form using 'aya'.

3

او در بیمارستان بیهوش شد.

He became unconscious in the hospital.

Simple past tense of 'bihush shodan'.

4

مرد بیهوش روی زمین افتاد.

The unconscious man fell on the ground.

Adjective 'bihush' modifying 'mard'.

5

او از ترس بیهوش شد.

He fainted from fear.

Preposition 'az' (from) + 'tars' (fear).

6

دکتر گفت او بیهوش است.

The doctor said he is unconscious.

Reported speech using 'goft'.

7

او بیهوش نیست، خواب است.

He is not unconscious, he is asleep.

Negative 'nist' vs 'ast'.

8

چرا او بیهوش شد؟

Why did he become unconscious?

Question word 'chera' (why).

1

او بعد از تصادف بیهوش شد.

He became unconscious after the accident.

Prepositional phrase 'ba'd az' (after).

2

ما باید فرد بیهوش را به بیمارستان ببریم.

We must take the unconscious person to the hospital.

Modal verb 'bayad' (must).

3

او از گرما بیهوش شده است.

He has become unconscious from the heat.

Present perfect tense 'bihush shodeh ast'.

4

دکتر او را برای عمل بیهوش کرد.

The doctor made him unconscious for the operation.

Transitive compound verb 'bihush kardan'.

5

او هنوز بیهوش است و بیدار نمی‌شود.

He is still unconscious and doesn't wake up.

Adverb 'hanuz' (still).

6

وقتی بیهوش شد، سرش به زمین خورد.

When he fainted, his head hit the ground.

Temporal clause with 'vaghti'.

7

او برای چند دقیقه بیهوش بود.

He was unconscious for a few minutes.

Duration with 'baraye'.

8

آیا دارو او را بیهوش می‌کند؟

Does the medicine make him unconscious?

Present tense question.

1

متخصص بیهوشی قبل از جراحی با بیمار صحبت کرد.

The anesthesiologist spoke with the patient before the surgery.

Noun phrase 'motakhases-e bihushi'.

2

او به دلیل افت فشار خون بیهوش شده بود.

He had become unconscious due to a drop in blood pressure.

Past perfect tense 'bihush shodeh bud'.

3

اگر کسی بیهوش شد، بلافاصله با اورژانس تماس بگیرید.

If someone faints, call emergency services immediately.

Conditional sentence 'agar'.

4

بیمار پس از نیم ساعت به هوش آمد و دیگر بیهوش نبود.

The patient regained consciousness after half an hour and was no longer unconscious.

Antonym phrase 'be hush amadan'.

5

او را با استفاده از گاز مخصوص بیهوش کردند.

They made him unconscious using a special gas.

Plural verb used for impersonal 'they'.

6

بیهوش شدن در این شرایط بسیار خطرناک است.

Becoming unconscious in these conditions is very dangerous.

Gerund form 'bihush shodan' as a subject.

7

او از شدت درد بیهوش شد.

He fainted from the intensity of the pain.

Phrase 'az sheddat-e' (from the intensity of).

8

پزشکان نگران بودند که او برای همیشه بیهوش بماند.

The doctors were worried that he might remain unconscious forever.

Subjunctive mood 'bemunad'.

1

داروهای بیهوشی مدرن عوارض جانبی کمتری دارند.

Modern anesthesia drugs have fewer side effects.

Plural noun 'daruhaye bihushi'.

2

او در حالت بیهوشی کامل به اتاق عمل منتقل شد.

He was transferred to the operating room in a state of total unconsciousness.

Noun 'bihushi' in a prepositional phrase.

3

بیهوش کردن بیمار بخشی حساس از هر جراحی است.

Anesthetizing the patient is a sensitive part of any surgery.

Infinitive as a noun phrase.

4

او چنان ضربه‌ای خورد که برای ساعت‌ها بیهوش ماند.

He took such a blow that he remained unconscious for hours.

Result clause with 'chonan... ke'.

5

گزارش‌ها حاکی از آن است که راننده قبل از تصادف بیهوش شده بود.

Reports indicate that the driver had fainted before the accident.

Formal phrase 'haki az an ast ke'.

6

پرستار علائم حیاتی فرد بیهوش را چک کرد.

The nurse checked the vital signs of the unconscious person.

Compound noun 'ala'em-e hayati'.

7

بیهوشی عمومی با بیهوشی موضعی تفاوت دارد.

General anesthesia is different from local anesthesia.

Comparison of types of 'bihushi'.

8

او از شنیدن خبر موفقیت فرزندش بیهوش و مدهوش شد.

She became faint and stunned upon hearing the news of her child's success.

Pairing 'bihush' with 'madhush' for emphasis.

1

در متون کهن، بیهوش شدن گاهی به معنای فنای فی‌الله است.

In ancient texts, becoming unconscious sometimes means annihilation in God.

Philosophical/Literary context.

2

تکنیک‌های بیهوشی در طب سنتی ایران تاریخچه‌ای طولانی دارد.

Anesthesia techniques in Iranian traditional medicine have a long history.

Complex subject with 'darad'.

3

بیمار در وضعیتی بین هوشیاری و بیهوشی قرار داشت.

The patient was in a state between consciousness and unconsciousness.

Contrast between 'hoshyari' and 'bihushi'.

4

او به گونه‌ای بیهوش شد که گویی جان از بدنش خارج شده است.

He became unconscious in such a way as if the soul had left his body.

Simile with 'guyi'.

5

بیهوش کردن حیوانات برای تحقیقات علمی همواره بحث‌برانگیز بوده است.

Anesthetizing animals for scientific research has always been controversial.

Present perfect passive 'budeh ast'.

6

او از فرط خستگی در حالتی شبیه به بیهوشی فرو رفت.

From extreme exhaustion, he fell into a state resembling unconsciousness.

Phrase 'az fart-e' (from the excess of).

7

واکنش بدن به داروهای بیهوشی در افراد مختلف متفاوت است.

The body's reaction to anesthesia drugs varies in different individuals.

Abstract noun phrase as subject.

8

او را بیهوش یافتند در حالی که هیچ جراحتی بر تن نداشت.

They found him unconscious while he had no injuries on his body.

Adverbial clause 'dar hali ke'.

1

مرز میان خواب عمیق و بیهوشی از منظر فیزیولوژیک بسیار باریک است.

The boundary between deep sleep and unconsciousness is very narrow from a physiological perspective.

Sophisticated vocabulary 'manzar-e fiziolozhik'.

2

در اشعار عطار، بیهوشی مرحله‌ای برای رسیدن به حقیقت محض تلقی می‌شود.

In Attar's poems, unconsciousness is considered a stage for reaching pure truth.

Passive construction 'talaghi mishavad'.

3

پدیده بیهوشی ناشی از تروما نیازمند بررسی‌های دقیق مغزی است.

The phenomenon of unconsciousness resulting from trauma requires precise brain examinations.

Technical phrase 'nashi az'.

4

او با مهارتی بی‌نظیر، بیمار را بیهوش کرد بدون اینکه ضربان قلبش تغییر کند.

With unparalleled skill, he anesthetized the patient without his heart rate changing.

Complex adverbial phrase 'bedun-e inke'.

5

بیهوشی نه تنها فقدان آگاهی، بلکه تعلیق موقت هستی در جهان مادی است.

Unconsciousness is not only a lack of awareness but a temporary suspension of existence in the material world.

Correlative conjunction 'na tanha... balke'.

6

استفاده از گازهای سمی برای بیهوش کردن جمعیتی بزرگ، جنایت جنگی محسوب می‌شود.

The use of toxic gases to render a large population unconscious is considered a war crime.

Legal/Political register.

7

او در اعماق بیهوشی، رویاهایی می‌دید که واقعیت را به چالش می‌کشیدند.

In the depths of unconsciousness, he saw dreams that challenged reality.

Metaphorical use of 'a'magh' (depths).

8

تکامل دانش بیهوشی مدیون تجربیات پزشکان قرون وسطی است.

The evolution of anesthesia knowledge is indebted to the experiences of medieval physicians.

Formal phrase 'madyun-e' (indebted to).

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