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Vocabulary
ناکامل

B2 adjective 10 min read

ناکامل

naa-qaamel

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips ناکامل in 30 Seconds

Explanation ناکامل in your Level:

At the A1 level, you usually learn simple opposites like 'complete' (kâmel) and 'not complete' (kâmel nist). The word 'nâkâmel' might be a bit too advanced for your first few months of Persian because it uses a specific prefix logic. However, you can understand it by looking at 'nâ-' which means 'not' and 'kâmel' which means 'perfect' or 'all there'. At this stage, you would use it for very simple things like 'The book is incomplete' (Ketâb nâkâmel ast). You might see it in a classroom when a teacher says your homework is missing a page. It is better to focus on 'kâmel' first, but knowing 'nâkâmel' helps you recognize that many Persian words are built by adding 'nâ-' to the beginning of a positive word. Think of it like 'un-' in 'unfinished'. Even though you are at A1, seeing this word helps you prepare for more complex grammar later. Most A1 students will say 'tamâm nashodeh' (not finished), but 'nâkâmel' is a good word to recognize on signs or in simple apps where it might say 'Profile incomplete'. Just remember: it means something is missing.

At the A2 level, you are starting to build your vocabulary with adjectives that have prefixes. 'Nâkâmel' is a great addition to your toolkit for describing objects and tasks. You can use it to talk about your Persian studies: 'My knowledge of verbs is still nâkâmel'. It sounds more professional than just saying 'bad'. At this level, you should practice using it with the Ezafe construction, like 'gozâresh-e nâkâmel' (an incomplete report). You will likely hear this word if you go to an Iranian office or library. For example, if you are trying to register for a class and you don't have all your photos, the person might say 'madârek-e shomâ nâkâmel ast' (your documents are incomplete). This is a very practical situation for an A2 learner. You are also learning to distinguish between 'finished' and 'complete'. A project can be 'finished' (tamâm) but still 'incomplete' (nâkâmel) if it doesn't have all the features. Practicing this distinction will help you move toward the B1 level. Try making simple sentences with things in your room, like a set of pens or a deck of cards that is missing pieces.

At the B1 level, you are expected to use more precise adjectives. 'Nâkâmel' becomes very useful for expressing nuances in your opinions and descriptions. Instead of just saying something is 'not good', you can explain *why* by saying it is 'nâkâmel' (incomplete). This level involves discussing more abstract topics like plans, ideas, and feelings. You might say, 'I have an incomplete plan for my trip' (yek tarh-e nâkâmel barâye safaram dâram). You are also becoming more aware of the formal vs. informal registers. 'Nâkâmel' is a neutral-to-formal word, so using it in a presentation or a formal email is perfect. You can also start using the noun form 'nâkâmeli' (incompleteness), though it's less common. B1 learners should also be able to compare 'nâkâmel' with 'nâtamâm'. For instance, you can explain that a movie has an 'incomplete ending' (pâyân-e nâkâmel), meaning it didn't resolve all the plot points. This level of detail shows you are moving beyond basic survival Persian into descriptive Persian. You should also recognize the word in news articles or short stories where a character might have 'nâkâmel' information about a situation, leading to a misunderstanding.

At the B2 level, which is the target level for this word, you should use 'nâkâmel' with confidence in both professional and academic contexts. You understand that 'nâkâmel' refers to structural integrity and the absence of necessary parts. You can use it to critique complex systems, such as 'an incomplete legal system' (nezhâm-e hoquqi-ye nâkâmel) or 'incomplete data sets' in a scientific context. You are now able to use the word in more sophisticated sentence structures, such as 'Even though the data was incomplete, we reached a conclusion' (har-chand dâdeh-hâ nâkâmel bud, natije-giri kardim). You also understand the cultural and philosophical nuances—how 'nâkâmel' relates to the concept of human imperfection. In discussions about literature or art, you can use 'nâkâmel' to describe intentional ambiguity or 'open' works. You should also be able to distinguish it clearly from 'nâqes' (defective) and 'nimeh-kâreh' (half-done), choosing 'nâkâmel' when you want to sound objective and formal. This is the level where you start using it as an adverbial phrase like 'be surat-e nâkâmel' to describe how a task was executed. Your mastery of this word indicates you can handle professional feedback and provide it politely to others.

At the C1 level, 'nâkâmel' is a word you use to navigate complex nuances in Persian discourse. You use it not just to describe objects, but to analyze theories, philosophies, and political structures. You might engage in a debate about 'incomplete modernization' (now-garâyi-ye nâkâmel) or 'incomplete social contracts'. At this level, you are sensitive to the word's register and can use it to create a specific tone in your writing. You might use it in a literary sense, perhaps writing an essay on the 'nâkâmel' nature of memory or the 'nâkâmel' translation of a specific poem. You understand how 'nâkâmel' fits into the broader family of words like 'takâmol' (evolution) and 'kamel-al-ayâr' (pure/perfect), and you can use these related words to build a rich, cohesive argument. You are also proficient at identifying 'nâkâmel' reasoning in others' speech and can point it out using formal Persian. Your understanding of the word is now deeply integrated with your knowledge of Persian history and thought, where the struggle between 'nâkâmel' (the worldly) and 'Kâmel' (the divine) is a recurring theme. You are no longer just using a vocabulary word; you are using a conceptual tool to describe the world around you with high precision.

At the C2 level, 'nâkâmel' is part of a seamless, native-like command of the language. You use it with an instinctive understanding of its weight and placement. You can use it in highly specialized fields, such as law, where a 'nâkâmel' document could have specific legal ramifications, or in philosophy, where it might describe the ontological state of being. You are capable of playing with the word in creative writing, perhaps using it in metaphors or as a motif in a story. You also understand the most subtle differences between 'nâkâmel' and its synonyms in every possible context, from the most archaic poetic texts to the most modern technical manuals. You can explain the etymological journey of the root 'K-M-L' from Arabic into Persian and how 'nâkâmel' evolved as a specific Persian construct. In professional settings, you use the word to provide nuanced, high-level critiques that are both precise and culturally appropriate. You can handle 'nâkâmel' in fast-paced, high-stakes environments like diplomatic negotiations or academic defense, where the distinction between 'incomplete' and 'defective' can be crucial. At this stage, the word is not a learning point but a precision instrument in your linguistic repertoire, used to articulate the finest shades of meaning in the Persian language.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

ناکامل in 30 Seconds

Nâkâmel means 'incomplete' or 'lacking parts'.
It is a formal adjective used for reports, files, and abstract ideas.
It differs from 'nâtamâm' (unfinished action) and 'nâqes' (defective).
Essential for B2 learners to describe gaps in knowledge or systems.

The Persian word ناکامل (nâkâmel) is a sophisticated adjective primarily used to describe something that lacks necessary components or has not reached its intended state of wholeness. Derived from the root 'kāmel' (meaning perfect or complete) and the negative prefix 'nâ-', it functions identically to the English 'incomplete'. In Persian thought, the concept of 'Kamāl' (perfection/completion) is deeply rooted in philosophy and Sufism, making the negation 'nâkâmel' carry a weight of potentiality—it suggests something that is on a journey toward completion but hasn't arrived yet. You will encounter this word in academic writing, technical reports, and formal discussions about projects, ideas, or even emotional states. Unlike 'nâqes' (defective), which implies a flaw or error, 'nâkâmel' often simply points to the absence of parts.

Formal Usage: Used in legal documents to describe unsigned contracts or in science for unfinished research data.

این گزارش به دلیل نبود داده‌های آماری، ناکامل است.

When using this word, it is important to distinguish it from 'nâtamâm'. While 'nâtamâm' focuses on the timeline (unfinished because time ran out), 'nâkâmel' focuses on the structure (incomplete because parts are missing). For instance, an 'incomplete set' of books is 'nâkâmel', while a 'half-read' book is 'nâtamâm'. This nuance is vital for B2 learners who wish to sound precise. In modern Iranian society, you might hear this word in the context of bureaucratic processes where a file is marked as 'nâkâmel' because a specific document is missing. It is a neutral, slightly formal term that avoids the negative connotation of 'broken' or 'bad'.

Abstract Contexts: Often used in psychology to describe an 'incomplete understanding' or 'incomplete mourning'.

درک او از شرایط فعلی هنوز ناکامل به نظر می‌رسد.

In literary Persian, 'nâkâmel' can be used poetically to describe the human condition. Since only the Divine is considered 'Kāmel' (Perfect/Complete) in many philosophical traditions, everything human-made or human-experienced is inherently 'nâkâmel'. This provides a rich layer of meaning when used in essays or high-level conversation. It suggests a humility regarding one's work or knowledge. Furthermore, in the digital age, 'nâkâmel' is the standard translation for 'incomplete' in software interfaces, such as when a profile is not 100% filled out.

پروفایل کاربری شما ناکامل است؛ لطفاً اطلاعات را کامل کنید.

Colloquial Variation: In very casual speech, people might say 'nimeh-kâreh' (half-done), but 'nâkâmel' remains the standard for anything requiring a formal assessment.

بدون تو، زندگی من ناکامل است.

Using 'nâkâmel' correctly requires understanding its position as an adjective. In Persian, adjectives usually follow the noun they modify with an 'Ezafe' construction (the '-e' or '-ye' link). For example, 'an incomplete report' becomes 'gozâresh-e nâkâmel'. When used as a predicate (after 'is' or 'are'), it stays at the end of the sentence. Because it is a formal word, it pairs well with verbs like 'budan' (to be), 'namudan' (to appear/show - formal), and 'be nazar residan' (to seem).

Standard Pattern: Noun + Ezafe + nâkâmel + Verb. Example: 'لیست ناکامل است' (The list is incomplete).

تحقیقات ما به دلیل محدودیت زمانی ناکامل ماند.

In academic writing, 'nâkâmel' often modifies abstract nouns like 'dar'k' (understanding), 'tasvir' (picture/image), or 'etellâ'ât' (information). It is frequently used to justify why further study is needed. For instance, 'Our information is incomplete' (اطلاعات ما ناکامل است) is a standard way to introduce a research gap. Note that while 'nâkâmel' is an adjective, it can be turned into a noun 'nâkâmeli' (incompleteness), though 'nâqes budan' is more common for the state of being incomplete.

Common Collocations: 'اطلاعات ناکامل' (incomplete info), 'پروژه ناکامل' (incomplete project), 'جمله ناکامل' (incomplete sentence).

او همیشه با جملات ناکامل صحبت می‌کند.

When describing people, 'nâkâmel' is rarely used for physical stature but often for intellectual or character-based traits in a philosophical sense. If you say someone's education is 'nâkâmel', you imply they didn't finish their degree or missed essential courses. In legal Persian, a 'nâkâmel' contract might be one that lacks a signature or a specific clause, rendering it potentially void. This precision is why it's a B2-level word; it requires knowing the 'completeness' expected in a given context.

این ساختمان به صورت ناکامل رها شده است.

Finally, consider the adverbial use. While 'nâkâmel' is an adjective, you can use 'be surat-e nâkâmel' (in an incomplete manner) to describe how an action was performed. 'He did the work incompletely' would be 'او کار را به صورت ناکامل انجام داد'. This is very common in professional feedback. Using 'nâkâmel' shows a mastery of the prefix 'nâ-' which is essential for advancing to C1/C2 levels where negation becomes more nuanced than just using 'na' (no).

پرونده شما در سیستم به عنوان ناکامل ثبت شده است.

In everyday Iran, 'nâkâmel' is the word of the office and the classroom. If you are applying for a visa or a national ID card (Kart-e Melli) and you forget a document, the clerk will tell you, 'Parvande-ye shomâ nâkâmel ast' (Your file is incomplete). It is the standard polite way to say something is missing. You will also hear it on the news when journalists discuss 'incomplete infrastructure projects' (proje-hâ-ye nâkâmel-e zir-sâkhti), which is a frequent topic of economic debate in Iran. It carries a sense of officialdom and objective observation.

News & Media: Frequent in headlines about 'unfinished' government plans or 'incomplete' census data.

بسیاری از طرح‌های عمرانی در این شهر ناکامل باقی مانده‌اند.

In the academic sphere, professors use 'nâkâmel' to critique students' arguments. If a student provides a proof in mathematics that skips steps, the professor might write 'estedlâl-e nâkâmel' (incomplete reasoning) in the margins. In literature classes, it refers to 'unreliable' or 'incomplete' manuscripts. When listening to Persian podcasts about self-improvement or psychology, you might hear about 'incomplete cycles' of emotion—tasks or feelings that we haven't fully processed, which the speakers refer to as 'tajrobe-hâ-ye nâkâmel'.

Academic Context: Used to describe theories that lack evidence or historical records with missing pages.

این نظریه به دلیل شواهد کم، ناکامل تلقی می‌شود.

In digital spaces, 'nâkâmel' is everywhere. Persian-speaking gamers might use it to describe an 'incomplete quest' or an 'incomplete set' of armor. Web developers use it in error messages: 'Your request is incomplete' (darkhâst-e shomâ nâkâmel ast). It’s also heard in the arts; a director might describe a script as 'nâkâmel', meaning it needs more work on the characters. Unlike 'kharâb' (broken) which suggests it doesn't work, 'nâkâmel' suggests it works but isn't whole.

داستان فیلم با یک پایان ناکامل رها شد.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make is confusing 'nâkâmel' with 'nâqes'. While they are often synonyms, 'nâqes' usually implies a defect, a handicap, or something that is 'short' of a standard in a negative way (e.g., a 'defective' product). 'Nâkâmel' is more neutral and simply means 'not whole'. For example, if you have 9 out of 10 cards in a deck, the deck is 'nâkâmel'. If one of the cards is torn, that card is 'nâqes'. Using 'nâqes' for a bureaucratic file might sound overly harsh, as if the file itself is 'wrong', whereas 'nâkâmel' just means a piece is missing.

Nâkâmel vs. Nâtamâm: Use 'nâtamâm' for actions (an unfinished meal) and 'nâkâmel' for entities (an incomplete set).

غذا ناتمام ماند (The meal remained unfinished - correct) vs. غذا ناکامل بود (The meal was incomplete - sounds like ingredients were missing).

Another mistake is the over-reliance on 'nâkâmel' in informal settings. While grammatically correct, saying 'nâkâmel' when you just mean 'I didn't finish' (tamâm nakardam) sounds a bit robotic. In a restaurant, if you haven't finished your food, don't say it's 'nâkâmel'; say 'هنوز دارم می‌خورم' (I am still eating). 'Nâkâmel' describes the *state* of the object, not your progress through it. Additionally, learners sometimes forget the 'nâ-' prefix and try to use 'ghayr-e kâmel'. While 'ghayr-e' is a valid negation, 'nâkâmel' is the established lexical item.

The 'Nimeh' Trap: Don't confuse 'nâkâmel' with 'nimeh-kâreh'. Use 'nimeh-kâreh' for physical labor like construction or a half-done painting.

این کار نیمه‌کاره رها شد (This task was left half-done).

Lastly, be careful with the word 'khalâ' (void). Sometimes learners want to say a sentence is 'incomplete' meaning it has a 'blank', but 'nâkâmel' is the adjective for the sentence itself, whereas the blank is 'jâ-ye khâli'. If you say 'the sentence is nâkâmel', you are judging the grammar or meaning. If you say 'it is nâqes', you are saying it's broken. Stick to 'nâkâmel' for structural wholeness. Avoid using it for people's health or bodies; 'nâqes' is used for physical disabilities, but even then, more sensitive terms are preferred today.

اطلاعات شما ناکامل است، نه اشتباه! (Your info is incomplete, not wrong!)

To truly master 'nâkâmel', you must understand its neighbors in the Persian semantic field. Persian has several words for 'incomplete' depending on whether you mean 'half-finished', 'defective', 'missing a part', or 'not yet perfect'. 'Nâkâmel' sits at the center of these, leaning toward the formal and structural. Below is a comparison of its most common alternatives to help you choose the right word for the right context.

ناکامل (Nâkâmel) vs. ناقص (Nâqes): 'Nâkâmel' is 'incomplete' (neutral/structural). 'Nâqes' is 'defective' or 'deficient' (often negative). You have a 'nâkâmel' set of tools if one is missing, but a 'nâqes' tool if the handle is broken.

دایره‌المعارف ناکامل است چون جلد پنجم را ندارد.

Next is 'nâtamâm'. This word literally means 'not finished'. It is used for processes, actions, and time-based activities. If you are writing a letter and stop in the middle, the letter is 'nâtamâm'. If you are writing a letter but forget to include the address, the letter is 'nâkâmel'. 'Nâtamâm' focuses on the *end point* of a timeline, while 'nâkâmel' focuses on the *integrity* of the object. In music, an 'Unfinished Symphony' is called 'Semfoni-ye Nâtamâm'.

ناکامل (Nâkâmel) vs. ناتمام (Nâtamâm): 'Nâkâmel' = missing parts. 'Nâtamâm' = not yet reached the end.

کار او هنوز ناتمام است و فردا ادامه می‌دهد.

Then we have 'nimeh-kâreh'. This is more colloquial and specific to work or tasks. If you see a building that was started but the builders left, it is 'nimeh-kâreh'. It implies an abandonment of effort. 'Nâkâmel' is more descriptive and less judgmental. Finally, 'ghayr-e jâme'' (not comprehensive) is a high-level academic synonym often used for research or lists that don't cover everything. If a list of synonyms is 'ghayr-e jâme'', it means there are many more words out there that weren't included.

Advanced Alternative: 'غیرجامع' (Ghayr-e jâme') is used for data, research, and laws that aren't all-encompassing.

این فهرست ناکامل است و باید اسامی بیشتری اضافه شود.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The name 'Kamal' (meaning perfection) and the word 'Camel' (the animal) are not related, though they sound similar in English. 'Kamal' is about spiritual and physical wholeness.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /nɒːkɒːmel/

US /nɑːkɑːmel/

On the final syllable: nâ-kâ-MEL.

Rhymes With

کامل (Kâmel) عامل (Âmel) حامل (Hâmel) شامل (Shâmel) مایل (Mâyl) قابل (Qâbel) جاهل (Jâhel) غافل (Ghâfel)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'â' as a short 'a' (like 'cat'). It must be long.
Adding an 'o' sound like 'kamol'. It is 'kâmel'.
Merging the syllables too fast. It should be three distinct beats.
Confusing the 'nâ' prefix with 'ne' or 'no'.
Pronouncing the final 'l' as a dark 'l' like in 'pool'. Persian 'l' is light.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 3/5

Easy to recognize if you know 'kâmel' and the 'nâ-' prefix.

Writing 4/5

Requires correct spelling of 'â' and 'e' sounds.

Speaking 4/5

Requires mastering the long 'â' vowel and the formal tone.

Listening 3/5

Clear pronunciation makes it easy to catch in speech.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

کامل (Complete) نا (Prefix 'not') تمام (Finished) لیست (List) گزارش (Report)

Learn Next

ناقص (Defective) تکمیل (Completion) جامع (Comprehensive) نارسا (Inadequate) مبهم (Vague)

Advanced

استنتاج (Inference) مشروعیت (Legitimacy) هستی‌شناسی (Ontology) کمال‌گرایی (Perfectionism)

Grammar to Know

Prefix 'nâ-' for negation

ناکامل (incomplete), نادان (ignorant), نامید (hopeless).

Ezafe Construction with Adjectives

گزارشِ ناکامل (The incomplete report).

Adjective placement as Predicate

این لیست ناکامل است. (Adjective at the end).

Indefinite marker '-i' with Adjectives

گزارشِ ناکاملی (An incomplete report).

Pluralizing nouns modified by adjectives

گزارش‌های ناکامل (Incomplete reports).

Examples by Level

این کتاب ناکامل است.

This book is incomplete.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb structure.

لیست خرید من ناکامل است.

My shopping list is incomplete.

Uses 'man' (my) as a possessive.

پازل ناکامل است.

The puzzle is incomplete.

Simple noun 'pâzel'.

آدرس او ناکامل بود.

His/her address was incomplete.

Past tense 'bud' (was).

نقاشی ناکامل است.

The painting is incomplete.

Noun 'naqqâshi'.

این جمله ناکامل است.

This sentence is incomplete.

Demonstrative 'in' (this).

ست چای‌خوری ناکامل است.

The tea set is incomplete.

Compound noun 'chây-khori'.

اطلاعات ما ناکامل است.

Our information is incomplete.

Plural noun 'etellâ'ât'.

مدارک شما برای ثبت‌نام ناکامل است.

Your documents for registration are incomplete.

Preposition 'barâye' (for).

او یک گزارش ناکامل به مدیر داد.

He gave an incomplete report to the manager.

Indefinite 'yek' and Ezafe construction.

داستان با یک پایان ناکامل تمام شد.

The story ended with an incomplete ending.

Prepositional phrase 'bâ yek pâyân-e nâkâmel'.

فایل‌های صوتی در این پوشه ناکامل هستند.

The audio files in this folder are incomplete.

Plural verb 'hastand'.

من یک درک ناکامل از این موضوع دارم.

I have an incomplete understanding of this subject.

Verb 'dâshtan' (to have).

پروفایل کاربری شما هنوز ناکامل است.

Your user profile is still incomplete.

Adverb 'hanuz' (still).

بدون تو، زندگی من ناکامل به نظر می‌رسد.

Without you, my life seems incomplete.

Complex verb 'be nazar residan' (to seem).

این لیست اسامی ناکامل است؛ بقیه کجاست؟

This list of names is incomplete; where is the rest?

Question 'kojâst?' (where is?).

تحقیقات علمی او به دلیل کمبود بودجه ناکامل ماند.

His scientific research remained incomplete due to lack of budget.

Reasoning phrase 'be dalil-e...'

ما نباید بر اساس اطلاعات ناکامل تصمیم بگیریم.

We should not decide based on incomplete information.

Modal verb 'nabâyad' (should not).

این ساختمان سال‌هاست که ناکامل رها شده است.

This building has been left incomplete for years.

Present perfect passive 'rahâ shodeh ast'.

پاسخ‌های او به سوالات من ناکامل و مبهم بود.

His answers to my questions were incomplete and vague.

Compound adjectives 'nâkâmel va mobham'.

ترجمه این کتاب به زبان فارسی هنوز ناکامل است.

The translation of this book into Persian is still incomplete.

Noun phrase 'tarjome-ye in ketâb'.

او احساس می‌کرد که دانشش در این زمینه ناکامل است.

He felt that his knowledge in this field was incomplete.

Subordinate clause with 'ke'.

نقشه راهی که ارائه دادید، ناکامل به نظر می‌رسد.

The roadmap you provided seems incomplete.

Relative clause 'ke erâ'e dâdid'.

بدون حضور شاهدان، پرونده قضایی ناکامل خواهد بود.

Without the presence of witnesses, the judicial file will be incomplete.

Future tense 'khâhad bud'.

نظریه او به دلیل نبود شواهد کافی، ناکامل تلقی می‌شود.

His theory is considered incomplete due to the lack of sufficient evidence.

Passive construction 'talâqqi mishavad'.

او با یک درک ناکامل از شرایط، وارد مذاکره شد.

He entered the negotiation with an incomplete understanding of the conditions.

Prepositional phrase 'bâ yek dar'k-e nâkâmel'.

بسیاری از طرح‌های عمرانی به صورت ناکامل رها شده‌اند.

Many development projects have been left in an incomplete state.

Adverbial phrase 'be surat-e nâkâmel'.

این فهرست ناکامل است و شامل تمامی جزئیات نمی‌شود.

This list is incomplete and does not include all the details.

Negative verb 'shâmel nemishavad'.

بررسی‌های اولیه نشان داد که داده‌های ما ناکامل هستند.

Initial reviews showed that our data are incomplete.

Subject-verb agreement with plural 'dâdeh-hâ'.

او همیشه از این که تحصیلاتش ناکامل مانده، رنج می‌برد.

He always suffers from the fact that his education remained incomplete.

Complex sentence with 'az in ke'.

یک سیستم ناکامل می‌تواند باعث بروز مشکلات جدی شود.

An incomplete system can cause serious problems.

Modal 'mitavânad' (can).

تصویر ما از تاریخ باستان به دلیل نبود منابع، ناکامل است.

Our picture of ancient history is incomplete due to the lack of sources.

Possessive 'tasvir-e mâ'.

تحلیل او از ساختار قدرت، به طرز ناامیدکننده‌ای ناکامل بود.

His analysis of the power structure was frustratingly incomplete.

Adverbial phrase 'be tarz-e nâ-omid-konande-i'.

این اثر هنری با وجود ناکامل بودن، تاثیر عمیقی بر مخاطب می‌گذارد.

This artwork, despite being incomplete, leaves a deep impact on the audience.

Gerund form 'nâkâmel budan'.

نوسازی ناکامل نهادهای سیاسی، منجر به بحران مشروعیت شد.

The incomplete modernization of political institutions led to a legitimacy crisis.

Abstract noun 'now-sâzi-ye nâkâmel'.

او در کتاب خود به نقد روایت‌های ناکامل از جنگ می‌پردازد.

In his book, he critiques incomplete narratives of the war.

Verb 'be naqd pardâkhtan' (to critique).

درک ما از جهان کوانتومی هنوز به شدت ناکامل و در حال تحول است.

Our understanding of the quantum world is still highly incomplete and evolving.

Intensifier 'be sheddat' (intensely).

پروژه به دلیل عدم هماهنگی، در مرحله‌ای ناکامل متوقف شد.

The project was halted at an incomplete stage due to lack of coordination.

Preposition 'dar marhale-i' (at a stage).

او معتقد است که هرگونه تلاش برای تعریف حقیقت، ناکامل خواهد بود.

He believes that any attempt to define truth will be incomplete.

Indefinite 'har-guneh' (any kind of).

گزارش‌های ناکامل رسانه‌ها می‌تواند باعث تشویش اذهان عمومی شود.

Incomplete media reports can cause public anxiety.

Formal phrase 'tashvish-e azhân-e omumi'.

هستی‌شناسی او بر پایه این اصل استوار است که شناخت بشری ذاتا ناکامل است.

His ontology is based on the principle that human knowledge is inherently incomplete.

Adverb 'zâtan' (inherently).

این نسخه خطی، روایتی ناکامل و گسسته از وقایع قرن دهم ارائه می‌دهد.

This manuscript provides an incomplete and fragmented narrative of 10th-century events.

Adjectives 'nâkâmel va gosasteh'.

تقلیل مفاهیم پیچیده به تعاریف ساده، تصویری ناکامل از واقعیت می‌سازد.

Reducing complex concepts to simple definitions creates an incomplete picture of reality.

Gerund 'taqlil-e مفاهیم'.

او در اشعارش به زیبایی‌شناسیِ امرِ ناکامل و ناتمام وفادار مانده است.

In his poems, he remains faithful to the aesthetics of the incomplete and the unfinished.

Abstract concept 'amr-e nâkâmel'.

نظام‌های حقوقی ناکامل اغلب راه را برای سوءتعبیر و بی‌عدالتی باز می‌گذارند.

Incomplete legal systems often leave the way open for misinterpretation and injustice.

Plural subject 'nezhâm-hâ-ye hoquqi'.

تجربه سوگواری او به دلیل عدم وداع، به شکلی ناکامل در روانش باقی ماند.

His grieving experience remained in an incomplete form in his psyche due to the lack of a farewell.

Psychological terminology 'dar ravânash'.

پژوهش حاضر، علی‌رغم محدودیت‌ها، می‌کوشد خلأهای موجود در این حوزه ناکامل را پر کند.

The present research, despite limitations, tries to fill the existing gaps in this incomplete field.

Formal research language 'pazhuhesh-e hâzer'.

هرگونه داوری در مورد شخصیت‌های تاریخی با استناد به مدارک ناکامل، مخاطره‌آمیز است.

Any judgment about historical figures based on incomplete documents is hazardous.

Adjective 'mokhâtareh-âmiz' (hazardous).

Common Collocations

گزارش ناکامل

اطلاعات ناکامل

درک ناکامل

جمله ناکامل

پروژه ناکامل

پروفایل ناکامل

لیست ناکامل

تحقیقات ناکامل

تصویر ناکامل

مدارک ناکامل

Common Phrases

به صورت ناکامل

— In an incomplete manner or fashion.

او کار را به صورت ناکامل انجام داد.

ناکامل ماندن

— To remain incomplete or unfinished.

آرزوهای او ناکامل ماند.

ناکامل رها کردن

— To leave something incomplete or abandon it.

او درس را ناکامل رها کرد.

وضعیت ناکامل

— Incomplete status or state.

پرونده در وضعیت ناکامل قرار دارد.

ناکامل بودنِ داده‌ها

— The incompleteness of the data.

ناکامل بودن داده‌ها مانع تحلیل شد.

ناکامل تلقی شدن

— To be considered or deemed incomplete.

این فرضیه ناکامل تلقی می‌شود.

یک کلِ ناکامل

— An incomplete whole.

جامعه بدون عدالت، یک کلِ ناکامل است.

ناکامل از نظرِ...

— Incomplete from the perspective of...

این طرح از نظر فنی ناکامل است.

ناکامل و مبهم

— Incomplete and vague (common pair).

توضیحات او ناکامل و مبهم بود.

ناکامل اما مفید

— Incomplete but useful.

این نقشه ناکامل اما مفید است.

Often Confused With

ناکامل vs ناقص (Nâqes)

Nâqes implies a defect or flaw; nâkâmel just means missing parts.

ناکامل vs ناتمام (Nâtamâm)

Nâtamâm is for unfinished progress; nâkâmel is for structural incompleteness.

ناکامل vs نیمه‌کاره (Nimeh-kâreh)

Nimeh-kâreh is colloquial for half-done work/construction.

Idioms & Expressions

"نیم‌بند"

— Half-baked or poorly put together; incomplete in quality.

یک نقشه نیم‌بند کشید.

Informal

"دست و پا شکسته"

— Broken or incomplete (usually for language skills).

او فارسی را دست و پا شکسته حرف می‌زند.

Colloquial

"نصفه و نیمه"

— Halfway; incomplete in effort.

کار را نصفه و نیمه رها نکن.

Colloquial

"خام ماندن"

— To remain raw or immature; incomplete in development.

فکر او هنوز خام مانده است.

Literary

"سر و ته زده"

— Cut at both ends; incomplete because parts were removed.

یک گزارش سر و ته زده تحویل داد.

Slang

"بی‌سروته"

— Without head or tail; so incomplete it makes no sense.

یک داستان بی‌سروته تعریف کرد.

Informal

"لنگ ماندن"

— To be stuck or incomplete because of a missing part.

کار ما لنگِ یک امضا مانده است.

Colloquial

"کال ماندن"

— To remain unripe; incomplete growth.

استعداد او کال ماند.

Literary

"یک‌لنگه پا"

— Incomplete or unstable like standing on one leg.

طرحش یک‌لنگه پا است.

Informal

"ناتمام گذاشتن"

— To leave something unfinished/incomplete.

صحبتش را ناتمام گذاشت و رفت.

Neutral

Easily Confused

ناکامل vs ناقص

Both translate as 'incomplete'.

Nâqes is more for 'defective' or 'deficient'. Nâkâmel is for 'not whole'.

The machine is nâqes (broken/defective). The list is nâkâmel (missing names).

ناکامل vs ناتمام

Both refer to things not being done.

Nâtamâm relates to time and finishing an action. Nâkâmel relates to having all parts.

An unfinished symphony (nâtamâm). An incomplete chess set (nâkâmel).

ناکامل vs نارسا

Both mean something is missing.

Nârasâ is specifically for communication or explanations that don't reach the goal.

His explanation was nârasâ (didn't explain well).

ناکامل vs کم

Both mean 'less than needed'.

Kam means 'few' or 'little' (quantity). Nâkâmel means 'incomplete' (structure).

We have little water (âb kam ast). The report is incomplete (gozâresh nâkâmel ast).

ناکامل vs خالی

Incomplete things often have empty spots.

Khâli means 'empty'. Nâkâmel is the property of the whole being missing parts.

The chair is empty (khâli). The set of chairs is incomplete (nâkâmel).

Sentence Patterns

[Noun] nâkâmel ast.

Ketâb nâkâmel ast.

[Noun]-e [Possessive] nâkâmel ast.

Gozâresh-e man nâkâmel ast.

[Noun] be dalil-e [Reason] nâkâmel mând.

Proje be dalil-e budje nâkâmel mând.

Dar'k-e [Person] az [Topic] nâkâmel ast.

Dar'k-e u az siâsat nâkâmel ast.

Be surat-e nâkâmel [Verb].

Be surat-e nâkâmel sabt shod.

Ba'd az barresi, moshakhas shod ke [Noun] nâkâmel ast.

Ba'd az barresi, moshakhas shod ke dâdeh-hâ nâkâmel ast.

[Abstract Noun]-e nâkâmel monjar be [Result] shod.

Now-sâzi-ye nâkâmel monjar be bohrân shod.

Har-guneh [Action] bâ estenâd be [Noun]-e nâkâmel, [Adjective] ast.

Har-guneh dâvari bâ estenâd be madârek-e nâkâmel, khatarnâk ast.

Word Family

Nouns

کمال (Kamâl - Perfection/Completion)

تکامل (Takâmol - Evolution/Completion)

مکمل (Mokammel - Supplement)

تکمیل (Takmil - Completion process)

Verbs

کامل کردن (Kâmel kardan - To complete)

تکمیل کردن (Takmil kardan - To finish/complete)

به کمال رسیدن (Be kamâl residan - To reach perfection)

Adjectives

کامل (Kâmel - Complete)

تکمیلی (Takmili - Supplementary)

تکاملی (Takâmoli - Evolutionary)

نقص (Naqs - Defect)

تمام (Tamâm - Finished)

جامع (Jâme' - Comprehensive)

نیمه (Nimeh - Half)

خالی (Khâli - Empty)

How to Use It

frequency

Common in professional and academic settings.

Common Mistakes

Using 'nâkâmel' for a half-eaten sandwich. → Using 'nâtamâm' or 'nesfeh'.
Nâkâmel is for structural wholeness, not progress of consumption.
Saying 'ghayr-e kâmel' instead of 'nâkâmel'. → ناکامل
While 'ghayr-e' negates, 'nâkâmel' is the specific lexicalized adjective.
Using 'nâkâmel' to mean 'bad'. → بد or ضعیف
Something can be complete but still bad. Nâkâmel only means parts are missing.
Pronouncing it as 'nakamel' (short a). → nâkâmel (long â).
Short 'a' changes the rhythm and can make the word hard to recognize.
Using 'nâkâmel' for a person's health. → ناخوش or مريض
Nâkâmel is for objects and concepts, not biological health.

Tips

The Nâ- Prefix

Learn other 'nâ-' words like 'nâ-omid' (hopeless) and 'nâ-khosh' (unwell) to see the pattern.

Office Talk

If someone asks for a document you don't have, say 'Madârekam nâkâmel ast'.

Academic Precision

Use 'nâkâmel' to describe gaps in your research politely.

Sufi Context

Understand that 'kâmel' is a high spiritual goal, so 'nâkâmel' is the human state.

Nâkâmel vs Nâqes

Remember: Nâkâmel = missing parts. Nâqes = broken parts.

Related Roots

Connect it to 'Takâmol' (Evolution) to remember it's about reaching a goal.

UI Translation

Look for this word in Persian apps for 'incomplete' notifications.

Soft Critique

Use it to tell someone their work needs more parts without being mean.

Long Vowels

Don't rush the 'â'. It's nâ-kâ-mel. Two long 'â' sounds.

Visual Aid

Visualize a puzzle with a hole. That's 'nâkâmel'.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Think of 'No-Camel'. If you are crossing the desert and you have NO CAMEL, your caravan is INCOMPLETE (nâ-kâmel).

Visual Association

Imagine a circle with a slice missing. That circle is 'nâkâmel'.

Word Web

کامل (Complete) نا (Not) گزارش (Report) اطلاعات (Info) پروژه (Project) مدارک (Documents) درک (Understanding) پایان (Ending)

Challenge

Try to find three things in your house right now that are 'nâkâmel'. Is it a half-empty bottle? A book you haven't finished? Or a puzzle missing a piece?

Word Origin

The root 'K-M-L' is Arabic, meaning to be whole, complete, or perfect. It was adopted into Persian very early in the Islamic period.

Original meaning: The state of being whole or possessing all essential qualities.

Semitic root (K-M-L) with an Indo-European prefix (nâ-).

Cultural Context

Avoid using 'nâkâmel' or 'nâqes' to describe people with disabilities; use 'tavân-yâb' (seeker of ability) or specific respectful terms.

English speakers often say 'unfinished' for everything. In Persian, you must choose: 'nâtamâm' for time/actions and 'nâkâmel' for structure/parts.

The concept of 'Insân-e Kâmel' (The Perfect Human) in Islamic philosophy. The unfinished 'Semfoni-ye Nâtamâm' (Schubert's 8th) often uses the synonym nâtamâm. Modern Iranian cinema often uses 'nâkâmel' endings to reflect the complexity of real life.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Office/Work

گزارش ناکامل است
مدارک ناکامل
پروژه ناکامل ماند
اطلاعات ناکامل

Academic/Research

تحقیقات ناکامل
نظریه ناکامل
شواهد ناکامل
درک ناکامل

Everyday Objects

ست ناکامل
پازل ناکامل
کتاب ناکامل
لیست ناکامل

Technology

پروفایل ناکامل
فایل ناکامل
درخواست ناکامل
نصب ناکامل

Literature/Art

پایان ناکامل
داستان ناکامل
نقاشی ناکامل
نسخه خطی ناکامل

Conversation Starters

"آیا فکر می‌کنی این گزارش هنوز ناکامل است؟"

"چرا بسیاری از پروژه‌های عمرانی در شهر ناکامل مانده‌اند؟"

"به نظر تو، آیا زندگی بدون عشق ناکامل است؟"

"اگر مدارک من ناکامل باشد، چه اتفاقی می‌افتد؟"

"چطور می‌توانیم این پازل ناکامل را درست کنیم؟"

Journal Prompts

درباره پروژه‌ای بنویسید که آن را ناکامل رها کردید. چرا؟

آیا تا به حال احساس کرده‌اید که درکتان از یک موضوع ناکامل است؟

توصیف کنید که یک 'روز ناکامل' برای شما چگونه است.

در مورد اهمیت داشتن اطلاعات کامل قبل از تصمیم‌گیری بنویسید.

اگر می‌توانستید یک اثر هنری ناکامل را تمام کنید، کدام را انتخاب می‌کردید؟

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Generally, no. For physical disabilities, 'nâqes-ol-ozv' was used historically but is now considered insensitive. For character, you might say 'shakhsiat-e nâkâmel' in a philosophical way, but it's rare.

Use 'nâtamâm' for things that are in progress but stopped (like a movie or a meal). Use 'nâkâmel' for things that are missing components (like a document or a collection of books).

Yes, it is neutral-to-formal. In very casual speech, people might say 'nesfeh-nimeh' or 'nimeh-kâreh' instead.

You say 'jomle-ye nâkâmel'. If the sentence is grammatically broken, you might say 'jomle-ye nâqes'.

Yes, in a philosophical sense. Since 'kâmel' means perfect, 'nâkâmel' is the state of not being perfect or whole.

It is written as one word (ناکامل) or with a zero-width non-joiner (نا‌کامل). Both are common, but the combined form is standard in modern typing.

The opposite is 'kâmel' (کامل), which means complete or perfect.

Yes! 'Incomplete download' is 'dânlod-e nâkâmel' and 'incomplete profile' is 'proufâyl-e nâkâmel'.

As an adjective, it doesn't change. If you use it as a noun (the incomplete ones), it would be 'nâkâmel-hâ', but this is very rare.

Because it requires understanding the distinction between different types of 'not finished' and is used mostly in formal, abstract, or professional contexts.