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A2 verb 8 min read

ساکن بودن

Examples ساکن بودن in 30 Seconds
Explanation ساکن بودن in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners are introduced to the basic concept of stating where they live. While 'zendeghi kardan' is usually taught first because it is easier to use in daily life, 'sāken budan' is introduced as a way to understand simple descriptions of people's locations. A1 learners should focus on the present tense 'hastam' forms. For example, 'Man dar London sāken hastam.' They learn that 'sāken' identifies their home base. At this stage, the focus is on simple subject-preposition-location-verb structures. They might encounter this word on basic forms or when hearing someone introduce themselves formally. The goal is simply to recognize that 'sāken' means 'resident' and to use it in a basic sentence without worrying about complex grammar.
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At the A2 level, students start to distinguish between different registers of speech. They learn that 'sāken budan' is more formal than 'zendeghi kardan' and is used in contexts like asking for directions to a residence or filling out slightly more detailed forms. They should be able to ask others where they reside using 'Shomā kojā sāken hastid?'. A2 learners also begin to use the past tense 'budam' to describe where they lived before moving. They learn to avoid the common mistake of confusing 'sāken' (resident) with 'sāket' (quiet). They should also be comfortable using the word to describe others, such as 'U dar in kouche sāken ast' (He resides in this alley). This level focuses on building confidence in using the word in predictable, everyday formal interactions.
Intermediate learners (B1) should understand the wider semantic field of the root S-K-N. They learn related words like 'sokonat' (residence) and 'maskan' (housing). At this level, students can use 'sāken budan' in more complex sentences involving time expressions, such as 'For five years, I have been a resident of this city' (Panj sāl ast ke dar in shahr sāken hastam). They also start to encounter the word in news articles and can understand phrases like 'sākenin-e mahalli' (local residents). B1 learners should be able to discuss housing issues and residency status using this verb. They also learn to use the word in the negative and interrogative forms more fluidly, including using it in the subjunctive if the sentence structure requires it.
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At the B2 level, students use 'sāken budan' with nuance. They understand its application in legal and administrative contexts, such as discussing 'eghāmat-e dā'em' (permanent residency) vs 'sāken budan' (currently residing). They can read and summarize news reports about population movements where 'sākenin' is a key term. B2 learners are expected to use the word correctly in essays about urbanization, migration, or social issues. They also begin to recognize the word in more formal literary contexts where it might imply a state of being rather than just a physical address. They can handle complex sentence structures where 'sāken budan' is part of a relative clause, such as 'Those who reside in this area are entitled to certain benefits.'
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Advanced learners (C1) explore the philosophical and poetic dimensions of 'sāken budan.' They understand the root connection to 'Sakina' (tranquility) and can appreciate how classical poets used the word to describe a heart that has found rest. In professional or academic settings, C1 learners can use the word in debates about sociology, urban planning, and demography with high precision. They are familiar with related technical terms like 'maskun' (inhabited) or 'gheyr-e maskun' (uninhabited). They can switch between 'sāken budan,' 'sokonat dāštan,' and 'moqim budan' based on the exact legal or social nuance they wish to convey. Their usage is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker.
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At the C2 level, the learner has a complete grasp of the word's history, etymology, and all possible connotations. They can analyze classical texts where 'sāken' is used to describe celestial bodies (static stars vs moving planets) or spiritual states of 'stillness' in Sufi literature. They can draft legal documents or formal policy papers where 'sāken budan' is used with absolute legal accuracy. They understand the subtle differences in tone between various synonyms in every possible context, from a formal diplomatic communiqué to a dense philosophical treatise. For a C2 learner, 'sāken budan' is not just a verb but a gateway to a deep understanding of Persian concepts of space, peace, and identity.
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Examples

ساکن بودن in 30 Seconds

  • Formal verb meaning to reside or live in a place.
  • Derived from the root S-K-N, implying stillness and rest.
  • Used in official documents, news, and formal introductions.
  • Requires the preposition 'dar' (in) before the location.

The Persian compound verb ساکن بودن (sāken budan) is a fundamental expression used to describe the act of residing, living, or being settled in a specific geographic location. At its core, the word sāken is derived from the Arabic root S-K-N, which carries the profound connotation of stillness, tranquility, and rest. When you say you are 'sāken' somewhere, you are not just saying you are physically there; you are implying a state of settled existence. In English, we often translate this as 'to reside' or 'to live in,' but 'sāken budan' carries a slightly more formal or administrative tone than the common everyday verb zendeghi kardan (to live).

Formal Residency
In official documents, census forms, or when introduced in a professional setting, this verb is the standard way to indicate one's permanent or semi-permanent address. It focuses on the location of the person rather than the biological act of living.
State of Stillness
In literary or physical contexts, the adjective sāken can also mean 'still' or 'motionless.' However, when paired with the auxiliary verb budan (to be), it almost exclusively refers to habitation.
Demographic Context
Sociologists and urban planners use this term to describe populations. For example, 'residents of a city' are referred to as sākenin-e shahr.

آیا شما در تهران ساکن هستید یا فقط برای سفر آمده‌اید؟ (Are you residing in Tehran or have you just come for a trip?)

Understanding the nuance between ساکن بودن and زندگی کردن is crucial for reaching an intermediate level of Persian. While zendeghi kardan covers the entire experience of life (emotions, daily routine, biological survival), sāken budan is specifically about the 'address' or the 'steadfastness' of one's location. If a police officer asks where you live, they are more likely to use a form of sāken budan or sokonat dāštan. It is a word that anchors you to a map.

Historically, the root of this word connects to the idea of 'Sakina' (divine peace). This suggests that to be a resident is to find peace in a location. In classical Persian poetry, a lover might wish to be sāken in the street of the beloved, meaning they wish to find their final rest and permanent dwelling there. This poetic depth elevates the word from a mere administrative term to something that touches upon the human soul's desire for a place to belong.

او ده سال است که در این محله ساکن است. (He has been a resident of this neighborhood for ten years.)

Prepositional Usage
Always use the preposition 'dar' (in) with this verb. You are 'sāken' in a city or in a country.

Using ساکن بودن correctly requires an understanding of Persian auxiliary verb conjugation and the placement of geographical nouns. Since it is a compound verb consisting of an adjective (sāken) and the verb 'to be' (budan), the conjugation happens entirely on the 'budan' part. In the present tense, we often use the short forms of 'to be' (am, i, ast, im, id, and). In formal writing, however, the full forms like 'hastam' are preferred.

ما در طبقه سوم این ساختمان ساکن هستیم. (We reside on the third floor of this building.)

When constructing a sentence, follow this pattern: [Subject] + [Preposition 'dar'] + [Location] + [sāken] + [conjugated form of budan]. For example: 'Man dar London sāken hastam.' This structure is very stable and rarely changes in prose. If you want to ask a question, you simply change the intonation or add the word 'āyā' at the beginning.

Past Tense Construction
To describe where you used to live, use the past tense of 'budan' (budam, budi, bud, etc.). Example: 'آن‌ها قبلاً در شیراز ساکن بودند' (They were previously residing in Shiraz).
Negative Forms
To negate, use 'nistam' (I am not) or 'nabudam' (I was not). Example: 'من در این شهر ساکن نیستم' (I am not a resident of this city).

One interesting aspect of this verb is its use in the present perfect to describe a state that started in the past and continues to the present. 'Man dar in shahr sāken bude-am' implies 'I have been residing in this city.' This is common when discussing long-term residency permits or history in a town.

بسیاری از پناهندگان در این اردوگاه ساکن شده‌اند. (Many refugees have become residents in this camp.)

While zendeghi kardan is what you'll hear at a dinner party, ساکن بودن is what you'll hear in the 'adult world'—banks, government offices, news reports, and formal introductions. It is the language of the state and the census. If you are watching the Persian news (like BBC Persian or VOA Farsi), and they are reporting on a natural disaster, the reporter will say: 'The people sāken in this area have been evacuated.' They wouldn't use the more casual word for living because sāken identifies them as legal or physical residents of the zone.

News and Media
Used to describe populations, such as 'The residents of Gaza' (sākenin-e Ghazze) or 'Those residing in coastal areas.'
Legal and Administrative
When filling out a form for a national ID card (Kart-e Melli) or a passport, you will see fields like 'mahall-e sokonat' (place of residence) and questions asking where you are 'sāken.'

گزارش‌ها حاکی از آن است که اکثر ساکنان منطقه را ترک کرده‌اند. (Reports indicate that most residents have left the region.)

In a more social context, if you meet someone for the first time in a formal setting (like a business meeting), and you want to ask where they live, saying 'Shomā kojā sāken hastid?' sounds more polite and sophisticated than the more direct 'Kojā zendeghi mikonid?'. It focuses on their 'abode' rather than their 'life.' It's similar to the difference in English between 'Where do you live?' and 'Where are you currently residing?'

Furthermore, in the context of physics or science, if an object is 'sāken,' it means it is at rest. While you won't hear this in daily conversation about people, in a classroom setting, a teacher might say 'The ball is sāken' (motionless). This dual meaning is a great way to remember the word: a resident is someone who has 'come to rest' in a particular place.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make is confusing ساکن (sāken) with ساکت (sāket). While they sound similar, sāket means 'quiet' or 'silent.' Saying 'Man dar Tehran sāket hastam' would mean 'I am quiet in Tehran,' which is probably not what you intended! Always remember the 'n' at the end for 'resident.'

اشتباه: من در پاریس ساکت هستم. (Wrong: I am quiet in Paris.)
درست: من در پاریس ساکن هستم. (Correct: I reside in Paris.)

Another common mistake is the misuse of prepositions. Students often try to use 'be' (to) or 'ba' (with) instead of 'dar' (in). In Persian, you are always sāken **in** a place. Using the wrong preposition can make the sentence unintelligible to a native speaker.

Overusing Formality
Don't use 'sāken budan' with your close friends or children. It can sound stiff and unnatural. Stick to 'zendeghi kardan' for casual chats about your home life.
Confusing Noun and Verb
'Sāken' is the adjective/noun, and 'budan' is the verb. You cannot just say 'Man Tehran sāken.' You must include the verb 'hastam' or 'am.'

Finally, avoid using 'sāken budan' for temporary stays like a hotel. If you are staying in a hotel for two days, use the verb māndan (to stay) or eqāmat dāštan. 'Sāken budan' implies a degree of permanence or at least a semi-permanent base of operations.

Persian has several ways to say 'to live' or 'to reside,' each with a specific flavor. Choosing the right one shows your mastery of the language. The most common alternative is زندگی کردن (zendeghi kardan). This is the all-purpose verb for living. If you want to talk about your life, your family, and your daily experience, this is the word to use.

زندگی کردن (Zendeghi Kardan)
Casual, broad, and emotional. Focuses on the experience of life. 'I live happily in Shiraz.'
سکونت داشتن (Sokonat Dāštan)
Very formal. Often used in legal texts or high-level journalism. It literally means 'to have residency.'
مقیم بودن (Moqim Budan)
Used for foreigners or people staying in a place long-term but perhaps not permanently. 'Moqim-e Irān' (a resident of Iran).
ماندن (Māndan)
Meaning 'to stay.' Used for short-term residency, like staying at a friend's house or a hotel.

مقایسه:
۱. من در این خانه زندگی می‌کنم. (I live in this house - general)
۲. من در این خانه ساکن هستم. (I am a resident of this house - formal/factual)

In academic writing, you might encounter the term maskan (housing/dwelling) or istā (static/still), which share roots with sāken. Understanding these connections helps you build a larger vocabulary web. For instance, taskin (soothing/calming) also comes from the same root—to bring someone to a state of 'sāken' or rest.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /sɒːˈken buːˈdæn/
US /sɑːˈken buːˈdæn/
The primary stress is on the last syllable of 'budan' (dān) and a secondary stress on the first syllable of 'sāken'.
Rhymes With
اماکن (Amāken - places) ساکت (Sāket - quiet, near rhyme) باطن (Bāten - inner) ضامن (Zāmen - guarantor) ایمن (Ayman - safe) دامن (Dāman - skirt/lap) روشن (Roshan - bright) گلشن (Golshan - flower garden)
Common Errors
  • Pronouncing 'sāken' as 'sakan' (shortening the first vowel).
  • Confusing the 'n' in 'sāken' with 't' (sāket).
  • Putting the stress on the first syllable of 'budan'.
  • Failing to pronounce the 'h' in 'hastam' clearly in formal speech.
  • Merging the two words into one without a slight pause.
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Examples by Level

1

من در تهران ساکن هستم.

I reside in Tehran.

Simple present tense using 'hastam'.

2

او در این خانه ساکن است.

He/She resides in this house.

Third person singular 'ast'.

3

آیا شما در لندن ساکن هستید؟

Do you reside in London?

Question form using 'hastid'.

4

ما در ایران ساکن هستیم.

We reside in Iran.

First person plural 'hastim'.

5

آن‌ها در شیراز ساکن هستند.

They reside in Shiraz.

Third person plural 'hastand'.

6

برادرم در آلمان ساکن است.

My brother resides in Germany.

Subject 'barādar-am' (my brother).

7

دوستم در طبقه دوم ساکن است.

My friend resides on the second floor.

Using 'dar' (in) for location.

8

من در این شهر ساکن نیستم.

I do not reside in this city.

Negative form 'nistam'.

1

شما چند سال است که در اینجا ساکن هستید؟

How many years have you been residing here?

Using 'chand sāl ast' for duration.

2

من قبلاً در اصفهان ساکن بودم.

I was previously residing in Isfahan.

Simple past 'budam'.

3

آیا خانواده شما در این محله ساکن هستند؟

Does your family reside in this neighborhood?

Subject 'khānevāde' (family) treated as plural here.

4

او می‌خواهد در شمال ساکن شود.

He wants to become a resident in the north.

Using 'shodan' (to become) for a change in state.

5

ما از سال گذشته در پاریس ساکن هستیم.

We have been residing in Paris since last year.

Using 'az sāl-e gozashte' (since last year).

6

بسیاری از دانشجویان در این خوابگاه ساکن هستند.

Many students reside in this dormitory.

Subject 'dāneshjuyān' (students).

7

پدربزرگم در یک روستای کوچک ساکن بود.

My grandfather was a resident of a small village.

Past tense 'bud'.

8

کدام یک از شما در این ساختمان ساکن است؟

Which one of you resides in this building?

Interrogative 'kodām yek' (which one).

1

او به دلیل شغلش در دبی ساکن شده است.

He has settled in Dubai because of his job.

Present perfect 'sāken shode ast'.

2

ساکنان این منطقه از کمبود آب شکایت دارند.

The residents of this area complain about the water shortage.

Using the noun form 'sākenān' (residents).

3

اگر در این شهر ساکن باشید، باید مالیات بپردازید.

If you are a resident in this city, you must pay taxes.

Subjunctive 'sāken bāshid' after 'agar'.

4

او هیچ‌وقت در یک جا برای مدت طولانی ساکن نبوده است.

He has never been a resident in one place for a long time.

Negative present perfect 'sāken nabude ast'.

5

دولت سعی دارد عشایر را در یک منطقه ساکن کند.

The government is trying to settle the nomads in one area.

Transitive form 'sāken kardan' (to settle someone).

6

آیا شما به عنوان مقیم دائم در اینجا ساکن هستید؟

Are you residing here as a permanent resident?

Using 'be onvān-e' (as).

7

هنوز مشخص نیست که چه کسانی در این آپارتمان ساکن هستند.

It is not yet clear who is residing in this apartment.

Relative clause 'ke che kasāni...'.

8

او ترجیح می‌دهد در یک محیط آرام ساکن باشد.

He prefers to be a resident in a quiet environment.

Subjunctive 'sāken bāshad' after 'tarjih midahad'.

1

طبق آمار، اکثر ساکنان این شهر تحصیلات دانشگاهی دارند.

According to statistics, most residents of this city have university education.

Compound phrase 'aktsar-e sākenān' (most residents).

2

او پس از سال‌ها مهاجرت، بالاخره در زادگاهش ساکن شد.

After years of migration, he finally settled in his birthplace.

Past tense 'sāken shod' (became a resident).

3

حقوق شهروندی برای تمام کسانی که در کشور ساکن هستند محفوظ است.

Civil rights are reserved for all those who reside in the country.

Formal legal register.

4

او در خانه‌ای ساکن است که قدمت آن به دوره قاجار برمی‌گردد.

He resides in a house whose antiquity dates back to the Qajar period.

Complex relative clause.

5

ساکن بودن در مناطق کوهستانی دشواری‌های خاص خود را دارد.

Residing in mountainous regions has its own specific difficulties.

Gerund-like usage 'sāken budan' as a subject.

6

او از اینکه در این محله شلوغ ساکن باشد، ناراضی است.

He is unhappy about residing in this crowded neighborhood.

Subjunctive 'sāken bāshad' after 'az inke'.

7

شورای شهر برای رفاه ساکنان برنامه‌های جدیدی دارد.

The city council has new plans for the welfare of the residents.

Genitive construction 'refāh-e sākenān'.

8

او به طور موقت در این آپارتمان ساکن شده تا خانه جدیدش آماده شود.

He has temporarily settled in this apartment until his new house is ready.

Adverb 'be tour-e movaqqat' (temporarily).

1

معضلات اجتماعی گریبان‌گیر افرادی است که در حاشیه شهر ساکن هستند.

Social problems plague those who reside on the outskirts of the city.

High-level vocabulary like 'geribān-gir' (plaguing).

2

او در عالمی از رویاها ساکن است و به واقعیت توجهی ندارد.

He resides in a world of dreams and pays no attention to reality.

Metaphorical usage of residency.

3

تراکم جمعیت در مناطقی که ساکنان آن از خدمات دولتی محرومند، نگران‌کننده است.

Population density in areas where residents are deprived of government services is worrying.

Complex academic syntax.

4

او با وجود ثروت فراوان، همچنان در همان خانه قدیمی ساکن مانده است.

Despite his vast wealth, he has remained a resident in that same old house.

Usage of 'sāken māndan' (to remain a resident).

5

ساکنان بومی منطقه با طرح‌های توسعه گردشگری مخالفت کردند.

The indigenous residents of the region opposed the tourism development plans.

Specific term 'sākenān-e bumi' (indigenous residents).

6

او در صدد است تا در کشوری ساکن شود که آزادی بیان در آن تضمین شده باشد.

He is seeking to reside in a country where freedom of speech is guaranteed.

Subjunctive 'tazmin shode bāshad'.

7

این جزیره زمانی ساکنانی داشت، اما اکنون کاملاً متروکه است.

This island once had residents, but now it is completely abandoned.

Past habitual sense with 'dāsht'.

8

آرامش عمیقی در جان او ساکن شده بود که هیچ طوفانی آن را نمی‌لرزاند.

A deep peace had taken residence in his soul that no storm could shake.

Poetic/spiritual metaphor.

1

در متون کهن، ستارگان ثوابت را 'ساکن' می‌نامیدند زیرا حرکتشان نامحسوس بود.

In ancient texts, fixed stars were called 'sāken' because their motion was imperceptible.

Scientific/historical register.

2

حق سکنی یکی از ارکان اساسی در قراردادهای اجاره برای ساکنان محسوب می‌شود.

The right of habitation is considered one of the fundamental pillars in lease agreements for residents.

Technical legal terminology.

3

او در مقام رضا ساکن گشته و از هر چه پیش آید خشنود است.

He has become settled in the station of 'contentment' and is pleased with whatever happens.

Sufi/Mystical terminology 'maqām-e rezā'.

4

پویایی جامعه در تضاد با روحیه ساکن و ایستای برخی از ساکنان قدیمی است.

The dynamism of society stands in contrast to the static and stationary spirit of some long-time residents.

Abstract sociological analysis.

5

تبعید به معنای محروم کردن فرد از حق ساکن بودن در موطن خویش است.

Exile means depriving an individual of the right to reside in their own homeland.

Formal political definition.

6

در فیزیک ارسطویی، اشیاء مایلند در مکان طبیعی خود ساکن بمانند.

In Aristotelian physics, objects tend to remain stationary in their natural place.

Philosophical/Scientific context.

7

تطبیق فرهنگی برای ساکنان مهاجر فرآیندی پیچیده و زمان‌بر است.

Cultural adaptation is a complex and time-consuming process for migrant residents.

Academic sociological phrasing.

8

او چنان در سکوت ساکن شده بود که گویی خود بخشی از آن شده است.

He had become so settled in silence as if he had become a part of it himself.

High literary style.

Common Collocations

ساکن دائم
ساکن موقت
در جایی ساکن بودن
ساکنان محلی
محل سکونت
ساکن شدن در
جمعیت ساکن
ساکنان اصلی
اجازه سکونت
حق سکونت

Common Phrases

کجا ساکن هستید؟

— Where do you reside? A polite way to ask for someone's address.

ببخشید، شما فعلاً کجا ساکن هستید؟

ساکن و ساکت

— Still and quiet. Used to describe a very peaceful or eerie environment.

همه جا ساکن و ساکت بود.

ساکنان برج

— The residents of the tower/building.

ساکنان برج باید شارژ ماهانه را بپردازند.

ساکن در غربت

— Residing in a foreign land (often with a sense of longing).

او سال‌هاست که ساکن در غربت است.

تازه ساکن شده

— Newly settled/moved in.

همسایه جدید ما تازه در اینجا ساکن شده است.

ساکن طبقه بالا

— The resident of the upstairs floor.

ساکن طبقه بالا خیلی سر و صدا می‌کند.

غیر ساکن

— Non-resident.

ورود افراد غیر ساکن ممنوع است.

ساکنان پایتخت

— Residents of the capital city.

ساکنان پایتخت با آلودگی هوا دست و پنجه نرم می‌کنند.

ساکن و صامت

— Still and silent (literary).

او ساکن و صامت به افق خیره شده بود.

ساکن همیشگی

— Permanent/always resident.

او ساکن همیشگی قلب من است (poetic).

Idioms & Expressions

"دل در جایی ساکن شدن"

— To find peace of mind or heart in a place or situation.

بالاخره دلم در این شهر ساکن شد.

Literary/Poetic
"ساکن کوی دوست"

— Residing in the neighborhood of the beloved (spiritual/romantic).

خوشا به حال آنکه ساکن کوی دوست است.

Poetic
"آب ساکن"

— Still water (often implies something deep or hidden).

از آب ساکن بترس (Beware of still waters).

Idiomatic
"ساکن شدن گرد و غبار"

— For the dust to settle (metaphorically, for a situation to calm down).

بگذار گرد و غبار ساکن شود، بعد تصمیم می‌گیریم.

Informal
"ساکن درگاه"

— One who stays at a threshold (waiting for mercy or entry).

او ساکن درگاه حق است.

Religious
"ساکن شدن درد"

— For pain to subside or become 'still.'

با این دارو، درد ساکن می‌شود.

Medical/Common
"ساکن شدن خشم"

— For anger to cool down.

پس از مدتی خشمش ساکن شد.

Literary
"ساکن عرش"

— Inhabitant of the divine throne (angels or saints).

فرشتگان ساکن عرش الهی هستند.

Religious
"ساکن شدن طوفان"

— For the storm to die down.

طوفان ساکن شد و دریا آرام گشت.

Literary
"ساکن شدن نفس"

— For the breath to become steady or for the soul to find peace.

با دعا، نفس او ساکن شد.

Mystical

Word Family

Nouns

ساکن (Sāken - resident)
ساکنان (Sākenān - residents)
سکونت (Sokonat - residency)
مسکن (Maskan - house/dwelling)
تسکین (Taskin - soothing/calming)

Verbs

ساکن شدن (Sāken shodan - to become a resident)
ساکن کردن (Sāken kardan - to settle someone)
سکنی گزیدن (Soknā gozidan - to take up residence)
تسکین دادن (Taskin dādan - to soothe)

Adjectives

مسکونی (Maskuni - residential)
مسکون (Maskun - inhabited)
ایستا (Istā - static)
ساکن (Sāken - still/motionless)

Related

خانه (Khāne - house)
شهروند (Shahrvand - citizen)
اقامت (Eqāmat - stay/residence)
وطن (Vatan - homeland)
آرامش (Ārāmesh - peace/tranquility)
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Word Origin

Derived from the Arabic root S-K-N (س-ک-ن). This root is incredibly productive in Semitic languages and was borrowed into Persian early in the Islamic period.

Original meaning: The original meaning of the root is 'to be still,' 'to rest,' or 'to stop moving.'

Semitic (Arabic) root integrated into Indo-European (Persian) verbal system.
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