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B2 noun 10 min read

سود خالص

sud-e nakhales
Examples سود خالص in 30 Seconds
Explanation سود خالص in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about complex accounting. Think of 'سود خالص' (Sood-e Khāles) as the 'good money' you have left in your pocket after you sell something and pay for what it cost you. 'سود' means 'profit' or 'gain'. 'خالص' means 'pure' or 'clean'. Imagine you buy an apple for 10 tomans and sell it for 15 tomans. Your profit is 5 tomans. If you had to pay 1 toman for the bag, your 'net profit' (سود خالص) is 4 tomans. It's the money that is truly yours to keep. You might use this word when talking about simple shopping or a small hobby. Just remember: it's the 'final' money. It's a compound word, so say it together: Sood-e Khāles.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'سود خالص' in basic business conversations. It is a noun phrase used to describe the money a business makes after paying all its bills. In Iran, when you go to a store, the owner might talk about their 'سود' (profit). If they say 'سود خالص', they are being more specific about the money left after rent and taxes. You can use it in simple sentences like: 'My net profit was good' (سود خالص من خوب بود). It helps you distinguish between just 'making money' (درآمد) and 'keeping money' (سود). You will see this word in basic news headlines about the economy. It is a very useful word if you want to sound more professional when talking about money.
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At the B1 level, 'سود خالص' becomes an essential part of your vocabulary for discussing work and the economy. You should understand that it is different from 'سود ناخالص' (gross profit). At this level, you can use it to describe the results of a project or a company's performance. For example, 'The company's net profit increased this year' (سود خالص شرکت امسال افزایش یافت). You can also use it in the context of personal finance and investments. It's often used with verbs like 'محاسبه کردن' (to calculate) or 'به دست آوردن' (to obtain/achieve). You will hear it frequently on Persian news channels like IRINN when they discuss the national budget or the performance of large factories. It shows you have reached an intermediate level of financial literacy in Persian.
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'سود خالص' with precision in professional and academic settings. You should be able to discuss how different factors like 'هزینه‌های عملیاتی' (operating expenses) and 'مالیات' (taxes) affect the 'سود خالص'. You will encounter this term in 'صورت‌های مالی' (financial statements) and 'ترازنامه‌ها' (balance sheets). You should also be comfortable with related terms like 'حاشیه سود خالص' (net profit margin). At this level, you might use it metaphorically or in complex debates about economic policy. You understand the nuance that 'خالص' implies a rigorous process of deduction. Your ability to use this term correctly in a business meeting in Tehran would demonstrate a high level of linguistic and cultural competence.
At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'سود خالص' within the broader Iranian economic landscape. This includes its implications for 'حقوق صاحبان سهام' (equity) and its role in 'ارزش‌گذاری شرکت‌ها' (company valuation). You can discuss the impact of 'استانداردهای حسابداری' (accounting standards) on how net profit is reported. You might analyze how 'تورم' (inflation) can create 'سود کاذب' (false profit) that masks the real 'سود خالص'. At this level, you can read complex financial analyses in newspapers like 'Donya-e-Eqtesad' and understand the subtle ways 'سود خالص' is manipulated or presented to influence investors. You can use the term fluently in high-level negotiations and strategic planning.
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At the C2 level, 'سود خالص' is a tool for deep socio-economic analysis. You can critique the concept of net profit from philosophical, ethical, or macroeconomic perspectives. You might explore how the 'pursuit of net profit' (جستجوی سود خالص) interacts with 'مسئولیت اجتماعی شرکت‌ها' (Corporate Social Responsibility) in the Iranian context. You can navigate the legal complexities of 'سود خالص' in Iranian commerce law (قانون تجارت) and how it relates to 'سود انباشته' (retained earnings) and 'اندوخته قانونی' (legal reserve). You possess a near-native grasp of the word's connotations, including its historical evolution from the traditional Bazaar to modern globalized finance. You can write authoritative reports or give keynote speeches where this term is used with absolute precision and rhetorical effect.
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Examples

سود خالص in 30 Seconds

  • Net profit (سود خالص) is the final amount remaining after deducting all expenses and taxes from total revenue.
  • It is a key financial metric used to evaluate the health and profitability of a business or investment.
  • In Persian, it is a compound noun formed from 'سود' (profit) and 'خالص' (pure/net).
  • It is commonly found at the bottom of income statements and discussed frequently in economic news and stock market analysis.

The term سود خالص (Sood-e Khāles) is a cornerstone of financial Persian, representing the ultimate goal of any commercial endeavor. In English, we translate this as 'Net Profit' or 'Bottom Line.' To understand this word, one must first grasp the concept of 'purity' (خالص) applied to 'gain' or 'benefit' (سود). It refers to the amount of money that remains after every possible deduction—including operating costs, interest, depreciation, and most importantly, taxes—has been subtracted from the total revenue. While a business might have a high turnover, its سود خالص could be minimal if its expenses are equally high. This distinction is crucial in Persian business culture, where 'revenue' (درآمد) is often discussed loosely, but سود خالص is the serious figure scrutinized by investors and tax authorities.

Financial Significance
In the context of the Tehran Stock Exchange (بورس اوراق بهادار تهران), سود خالص is the primary indicator of a company's health and its ability to pay dividends (سود سهام) to its shareholders.

پس از پرداخت تمام هزینه‌ها و مالیات، سود خالص شرکت به ده میلیارد ریال رسید.

After paying all expenses and taxes, the company's net profit reached ten billion Rials.

Historically, the concept of 'profit' in the Iranian Bazaar was often calculated more intuitively, but with the modernization of the Iranian accounting system (inspired by international standards), the term سود خالص became the standardized term in formal financial statements (صورت‌های مالی). It is used to separate the 'noise' of gross income from the 'reality' of actual wealth generated. When you hear this word on the news or in a boardroom, it signifies the final result of a period of labor. It is the 'clean' money that a business owner can actually take home or reinvest without fear of future liabilities. The word 'خالص' itself comes from the root meaning 'pure' or 'unadulterated,' suggesting that this profit is free from the 'impurities' of debt and obligation.

Daily Usage
While primarily technical, individuals use it when discussing personal investments or small side-hustles to emphasize what they actually 'cleared' after costs.

آیا این رقم نشان‌دهنده سود خالص شماست یا هزینه‌ها را هم شامل می‌شود؟

In a broader philosophical sense, one might use 'سود خالص' metaphorically to describe a situation where the benefits are entirely positive with no drawbacks. For instance, 'This friendship is net profit for me' (این دوستی برای من سود خالص است), implying there are no 'costs' or emotional taxes involved. However, this usage is secondary to its heavy-weight status in economics. Accountants in Iran meticulously calculate this figure to determine the 'Taxable Income' (درآمد مشمول مالیات). Therefore, the word carries a weight of legality and precision. It is not just a guess; it is a verified number. In Persian literature of the modern era, you might see it used to critique capitalism, where the 'pursuit of net profit' is contrasted with human values.

Common Collocations
Commonly paired with verbs like 'محاسبه کردن' (to calculate), 'برآورد کردن' (to estimate), and 'افزایش یافتن' (to increase).

Using سود خالص correctly requires an understanding of its placement in formal and semi-formal Persian syntax. Since it is a compound noun (Ezafe construction: سود + خالص), it functions as a single unit. You will most frequently find it as the subject of a sentence describing financial growth or as the object of an analytical verb. For example, when reporting to a board of directors, one might say: 'سود خالص ما در چارک سوم فراتر از انتظارات بود' (Our net profit in the third quarter exceeded expectations). Here, the word is the actor, the thing that performed the 'exceeding'.

مدیر عامل اعلام کرد که سود خالص سالانه بیست درصد رشد داشته است.

The CEO announced that the annual net profit has grown by twenty percent.

In more complex sentences, سود خالص is often modified by adjectives like 'عملیاتی' (operational) or 'تلفیقی' (consolidated). For instance: 'سود خالص تلفیقی گروه صنعتی...' (The consolidated net profit of the industrial group...). This demonstrates how the term anchors professional discourse. When discussing the impact of external factors, such as inflation (تورم) or currency fluctuations (نوسانات ارز), you would use it to show the final impact: 'نوسانات ارزی باعث کاهش سود خالص صادرکنندگان شد' (Currency fluctuations caused a decrease in the net profit of exporters). Note how 'سود خالص' here is the direct object of the verb 'کاهش دادن' (to decrease).

Sentence Pattern: Causality
[Factor] + باعثِ [Change] + در سود خالص + شد.
Example: کاهش هزینه‌ها باعث افزایش در سود خالص شد. (Cost reduction caused an increase in net profit.)

Furthermore, in interrogative forms, it is used to probe the viability of a business model. A common question among Iranian entrepreneurs is: 'سود خالص این پروژه چقدر است؟' (How much is the net profit of this project?). This is a direct, no-nonsense inquiry. In negative sentences, it often highlights failure: 'متاسفانه امسال هیچ سود خالصی نداشتیم' (Unfortunately, we had no net profit this year). This implies that even if revenue was generated, the expenses swallowed it all. The term is also essential when discussing 'Profit Margin' (حاشیه سود خالص), which is the ratio of net profit to total revenue, a key metric for efficiency.

برای دستیابی به سود خالص بیشتر، باید هزینه‌های سربار را کاهش دهیم.

To achieve more net profit, we must reduce overhead costs.

When writing academic papers or economic reports in Persian, the term is used with high frequency. It is often contrasted with 'زیان خالص' (net loss). A sentence might read: 'تفاوت بین درآمد کل و هزینه‌های کل، سود یا زیان خالص را تعیین می‌کند' (The difference between total income and total expenses determines net profit or loss). This structural use shows its fundamental role in the logic of Persian accounting. Finally, in legal contexts regarding inheritance (ارث) or partnership dissolution (انحلال شراکت), the 'سود خالص' is what is legally divided among parties after all debts are settled.

You will encounter سود خالص in several specific environments in Iran and the wider Persian-speaking world. The most common is the nightly news, specifically the economic segment (اخبار اقتصادی). News anchors will report on the performance of major state-owned and private companies, using this term to summarize their yearly performance. For example, 'سود خالص شرکت ملی نفت ایران...' (The net profit of the National Iranian Oil Company...). This is where the general public hears the word most often, associating it with national or corporate success.

The Stock Market (Bourse)
If you visit a brokerage firm in Tehran or follow Persian financial Telegram channels, 'سود خالص' is everywhere. It is the basis for the P/E ratio (قیمت به سود), a vital metric for traders.

تحلیل‌گران بازار سرمایه بر این باورند که سود خالص نمادهای بانکی در حال بهبود است.

Capital market analysts believe that the net profit of banking symbols is improving.

Another setting is the 'Bazaar'. While traditional merchants might use simpler terms like 'ته‌مانده' (the remainder) or 'دخل' (intake), the more sophisticated or younger generation of merchants who deal with modern accounting and tax laws (قانون مالیات‌ها) will use سود خالص. They use it when discussing their 'اظهارنامه مالیاتی' (tax return). Hearing a shopkeeper say, 'امسال بعد از اجاره و مالیات، سود خالصم خیلی کم بود' (This year, after rent and taxes, my net profit was very low), is a common complaint during economic downturns.

In the digital age, Iranian startups and tech companies use this term in their 'Pitch Decks' to attract 'VCs' (سرمایه‌گذاران خطرپذیر). You will hear it in podcasts like '10am' (ده صبح) or other Persian-language business podcasts where founders discuss their 'Burn Rate' versus their path to سود خالص. It signifies a transition from a 'growth-at-all-costs' phase to a 'sustainability' phase. Furthermore, during the 'Annual General Meeting' (مجمع عمومی سالیانه) of companies, the announcement of the سود خالص is often met with applause or scrutiny, as it determines the 'EPS' (سود هر سهم) that will be distributed.

Banking and Loans
When applying for a business loan (وام بانکی), the bank will ask for your financial statements to verify your 'سود خالص' as proof of your ability to repay the debt.

بانک برای تایید وام، گزارش سود خالص سه سال اخیر را خواستار شد.

The most frequent mistake learners of Persian make is confusing سود خالص with سود ناخالص (Gross Profit). This is not just a linguistic error but a conceptual one that can lead to significant misunderstandings in a business context. 'ناخالص' means 'impure' or 'gross,' representing the profit before administrative expenses, selling costs, interest, and taxes are deducted. If you tell an Iranian partner that your 'سود خالص' is 50%, they will be incredibly impressed, thinking you have a miracle business, when you might have actually meant 'سود ناخالص'.

Confusing Profit with Revenue
Another error is using 'سود خالص' when you actually mean 'درآمد' (Revenue/Income). Revenue is the total money coming in, while سود خالص is what stays. Saying 'سود خالص من از فروش محصولات زیاد بود' when you haven't calculated costs yet is technically incorrect.

اشتباه متداول: خلط مبحث میان سود خالص و درآمد کل.

Common mistake: Confusing net profit with total revenue.

A subtle grammatical mistake involves the Ezafe construction. Beginners often forget the short 'e' sound (Kasra) between 'سود' and 'خالص', pronouncing it as two separate words. It must be 'Sood-e Khāles'. Furthermore, some learners confuse 'سود' with 'بهره' (Interest). While 'بهره' can mean profit in some archaic contexts, in modern Persian, 'بهره' specifically refers to the interest paid on a loan or earned in a bank account. Using 'بهره خالص' instead of 'سود خالص' would sound very strange to a native speaker and might imply you are talking about interest rates rather than business profit.

In writing, ensure you don't confuse 'خالص' (pure) with 'مخلص' (sincere/devoted). While they share the same root (خ-ل-ص), 'مخلص' is used for people and signatures in letters (like 'Yours truly'). Saying 'سود مخلص' is a nonsensical error that would likely cause a chuckle. Also, be careful with the plural. While 'سودها' exists, in a financial report, 'سود خالص' is usually treated as an uncountable concept or used in the singular to represent the total figure for a period. Using 'سودهای خالص' is rare and only used when comparing net profits across multiple different entities or years simultaneously.

Pronunciation Trap
The 'kh' (خ) in 'خالص' must be a guttural sound, like the 'ch' in 'Bach'. If pronounced as a simple 'k', it might be misunderstood or sound like 'Kales' (which isn't a word, but sounds like 'Kalle' - head).

While سود خالص is the standard technical term, Persian offers several synonyms and related words depending on the register. For instance, in very formal or slightly dated accounting texts, you might see سود ویژه (Special Profit). This term was more common in the past to denote the final profit figure, but سود خالص has largely superseded it in modern usage. Another alternative is نفع (Naf'), which also means benefit or profit. However, 'نفع' is more general and often used in non-financial contexts, such as 'This has no benefit for you' (این برای تو نفعی ندارد).

Comparison: سود vs. بهره
  • سود (Sood): General profit from business, trade, or investment.
  • بهره (Bahre): Specifically the interest rate or interest amount in banking.

In the context of 'earnings,' you might hear عایدی (Āyedi). This word is often used in the phrase 'عایدی هر سهم' (Earnings Per Share), which is directly related to سود خالص. While 'سود' is the total amount, 'عایدی' feels more like the 'yield' or the 'result' of an investment. For a more colloquial or 'Bazaari' feel, merchants might use پاک (Pāk), meaning clean. They might say 'ده میلیون تومان پولِ پاک' (Ten million Tomans of clean money), referring to what's left after all expenses. However, this is never used in formal documents.

در ترازنامه، واژه سود خالص دقیق‌ترین اصطلاح برای بیان نتیجه نهایی است.

In a balance sheet, the term 'net profit' is the most accurate term for expressing the final result.

If you want to talk about the 'benefit' in a more abstract or ethical sense, use مصلحت (Maslahat) or فایده (Fāyede). For example, 'این کار فایده‌ای ندارد' (This work has no use/benefit). You would never use سود خالص in that context unless you were being intentionally ironic or hyper-analytical. Conversely, درآمد خالص (Net Income) is used almost interchangeably with سود خالص in many contexts, though 'سود' specifically implies the surplus after costs, whereas 'درآمد' focuses on the incoming flow that has been 'cleaned' (خالص شده).

Summary of Alternatives
سود ویژه
Formal/Old Accounting
عایدی
Yield/Earnings
نفع واقعی
Real Benefit
باقیمانده
Remainder (Informal)
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Examples by Level

1

سود خالص من پنج تومان است.

My net profit is five tomans.

Simple subject-predicate sentence.

2

آیا این سود خالص است؟

Is this net profit?

Simple question using 'آیا'.

3

سود خالص او زیاد نیست.

His net profit is not much.

Negative form of the verb 'to be'.

4

ما سود خالص می‌خواهیم.

We want net profit.

Present simple tense.

5

سود خالص کجاست؟

Where is the net profit?

Interrogative sentence with 'کجا'.

6

این یک سود خالص خوب است.

This is a good net profit.

Using an adjective ('خوب') to modify the noun phrase.

7

سود خالص یعنی پول واقعی.

Net profit means real money.

Definitional sentence structure.

8

من سود خالص را دوست دارم.

I like net profit.

Direct object with 'را'.

1

سود خالص این مغازه چقدر است؟

How much is the net profit of this shop?

Possessive Ezafe construction 'سود خالصِ این مغازه'.

2

او سود خالص خود را شمرد.

He counted his net profit.

Past tense of 'شمردن' (to count).

3

ما باید سود خالص را حساب کنیم.

We must calculate the net profit.

Modal verb 'باید' with subjunctive 'حساب کنیم'.

4

سود خالص بعد از پرداخت هزینه‌ها به دست می‌آید.

Net profit is obtained after paying expenses.

Passive-like structure using 'به دست آمدن'.

5

امسال سود خالص شرکت کم شد.

The company's net profit decreased this year.

Compound verb 'کم شدن'.

6

آن‌ها درباره سود خالص صحبت کردند.

They talked about net profit.

Past tense of 'صحبت کردن'.

7

سود خالص شما در این ماه عالی بود.

Your net profit this month was excellent.

Adjective 'عالی' (excellent) as a predicate.

8

آیا سود خالص را به بانک دادی؟

Did you give the net profit to the bank?

Simple past question.

1

سود خالص شرکت در گزارش سالانه منتشر شد.

The company's net profit was published in the annual report.

Passive voice 'منتشر شد'.

2

برای افزایش سود خالص، باید در هزینه‌ها صرفه‌جویی کنیم.

To increase net profit, we must save on expenses.

Infinitive 'برای افزایش' and compound verb 'صرفه‌جویی کردن'.

3

سود خالص پس از کسر مالیات محاسبه می‌شود.

Net profit is calculated after deducting taxes.

Prepositional phrase 'پس از کسر مالیات'.

4

مدیر از میزان سود خالص راضی نبود.

The manager was not satisfied with the amount of net profit.

Adjective 'راضی' with preposition 'از'.

5

سود خالص این پروژه فراتر از پیش‌بینی‌های ما بود.

The net profit of this project was beyond our predictions.

Compound preposition 'فراتر از'.

6

آیا می‌دانید چگونه سود خالص را افزایش دهید؟

Do you know how to increase the net profit?

Complex question with 'چگونه' and subjunctive.

7

سود خالص نشان‌دهنده موفقیت واقعی یک کسب‌وکار است.

Net profit indicates the real success of a business.

Present participle 'نشان‌دهنده' as a predicate.

8

او تمام سود خالص خود را در بورس سرمایه‌گذاری کرد.

He invested all his net profit in the stock market.

Compound verb 'سرمایه‌گذاری کردن'.

1

سود خالص عملیاتی شرکت نسبت به سال گذشته دو برابر شده است.

The company's operational net profit has doubled compared to last year.

Present perfect tense 'شده است' and adjective 'عملیاتی'.

2

تحلیل‌گران بر این باورند که سود خالص تحت تاثیر نوسانات ارز قرار گرفته است.

Analysts believe that net profit has been affected by currency fluctuations.

Passive structure 'تحت تاثیر قرار گرفتن'.

3

حاشیه سود خالص یکی از شاخص‌های کلیدی عملکرد است.

Net profit margin is one of the key performance indicators.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

4

شرکت موظف است سود خالص خود را به صورت شفاف اعلام کند.

The company is obliged to announce its net profit transparently.

Adjective 'موظف' (obliged) followed by infinitive.

5

کاهش تقاضا در بازار منجر به افت شدید سود خالص شد.

Decreased market demand led to a sharp drop in net profit.

Verb 'منجر شدن' (to lead to) with preposition 'به'.

6

سود خالص تلفیقی گروه شامل نتایج عملکرد تمام شرکت‌های تابعه است.

The group's consolidated net profit includes the performance results of all subsidiaries.

Technical term 'تلفیقی' (consolidated).

7

با وجود افزایش درآمد، سود خالص به دلیل هزینه‌های بالا ثابت ماند.

Despite the increase in revenue, net profit remained constant due to high costs.

Prepositional phrase 'با وجود' (despite).

8

سود خالص هر سهم (EPS) مبنای تصمیم‌گیری بسیاری از سرمایه‌گذاران است.

Earnings per share (EPS) is the basis for many investors' decisions.

Acronym explanation in parentheses.

1

تعدیلات سنواتی ممکن است بر رقم سود خالص گزارش شده تاثیر بگذارد.

Prior period adjustments may affect the reported net profit figure.

Technical accounting term 'تعدیلات سنواتی'.

2

سود خالص نباید تنها معیار برای ارزیابی پایداری یک بنگاه اقتصادی باشد.

Net profit should not be the sole criterion for evaluating the sustainability of an economic enterprise.

Negative modal 'نباید' with 'تنها' (only).

3

ساختار مالیاتی جدید می‌تواند به طور مستقیم سود خالص صنایع کوچک را تهدید کند.

The new tax structure can directly threaten the net profit of small industries.

Adverbial phrase 'به طور مستقیم' (directly).

4

توزیع سود خالص بین سهامداران مستلزم تصویب در مجمع عمومی است.

The distribution of net profit among shareholders requires approval in the general assembly.

Verb 'مستلزم بودن' (to require/entail).

5

برخی شرکت‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های حسابداری خلاقانه، سود خالص خود را بیش از واقع نشان می‌دهند.

Some companies use creative accounting methods to show their net profit as more than it actually is.

Idiomatic expression 'بیش از واقع' (more than reality).

6

نوسانات نرخ بهره بانکی رابطه معکوسی با سود خالص شرکت‌های اهرمی دارد.

Fluctuations in bank interest rates have an inverse relationship with the net profit of leveraged companies.

Technical term 'شرکت‌های اهرمی' (leveraged companies).

7

تحقق سود خالص پایدار نیازمند استراتژی‌های بلندمدت و مدیریت بهینه منابع است.

Achieving sustainable net profit requires long-term strategies and optimal resource management.

Gerund-like subject 'تحقق سود خالص' (realization of net profit).

8

سود خالص پس از کسر سهم سود اقلیت محاسبه و در صورت‌های مالی منعکس می‌شود.

Net profit is calculated after deducting the minority interest share and reflected in the financial statements.

Technical term 'سهم سود اقلیت' (minority interest).

1

پارادایم حاکم بر بازارهای مالی، بیشینه‌سازی سود خالص را به عنوان غایت اصلی فعالیت‌های اقتصادی تعریف می‌کند.

The dominant paradigm in financial markets defines the maximization of net profit as the ultimate goal of economic activities.

Abstract vocabulary like 'پارادایم' and 'غایت'.

2

در تحلیل‌های کلان، سود خالص ملی باید با در نظر گرفتن هزینه‌های زیست‌محیطی بازتعریف شود.

In macro analysis, national net profit must be redefined by considering environmental costs.

Passive voice 'بازتعریف شود' (be redefined).

3

تضاد منافع میان مدیران و سهامداران اغلب در نحوه گزارش‌دهی و تخصیص سود خالص متبلور می‌شود.

The conflict of interest between managers and shareholders often crystallizes in the manner of reporting and allocating net profit.

Literary verb 'متبلور شدن' (to crystallize).

4

سود خالص در اقتصادهای دستوری لزوماً بیانگر کارایی عملیاتی بنگاه‌ها نیست.

Net profit in command economies is not necessarily indicative of the operational efficiency of enterprises.

Adverb 'لزوماً' (necessarily) with negation.

5

پیچیدگی‌های قوانین مالیاتی منجر به ایجاد شکاف عمیقی میان سود خالص حسابداری و سود خالص مالیاتی شده است.

The complexities of tax laws have led to a deep gap between accounting net profit and taxable net profit.

Distinction between technical concepts.

6

اصالت سود خالص در نظام‌های سرمایه‌داری متاخر، ابعاد اخلاقی تجارت را به حاشیه رانده است.

The primacy of net profit in late-stage capitalist systems has marginalized the ethical dimensions of trade.

Idiom 'به حاشیه راندن' (to marginalize).

7

سنجش دقیق سود خالص در جوامعی با اقتصاد زیرزمینی گسترده، با چالش‌های روش‌شناختی جدی روبروست.

The accurate measurement of net profit in societies with extensive underground economies faces serious methodological challenges.

Formal phrase 'با چالش روبرو بودن'.

8

شفافیت در گزارش‌دهی سود خالص، سنگ‌بنای اعتماد عمومی به نهادهای مالی و حاکمیت شرکتی است.

Transparency in net profit reporting is the cornerstone of public trust in financial institutions and corporate governance.

Metaphorical use of 'سنگ‌بنا' (cornerstone).

Common Collocations

محاسبه سود خالص
افزایش سود خالص
کاهش سود خالص
سود خالص عملیاتی
سود خالص سالانه
حاشیه سود خالص
توزیع سود خالص
پیش‌بینی سود خالص
سود خالص تلفیقی
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