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खिन्नतापूर्वक

B1 noun 9 min read

खिन्नतापूर्वक

khinnatapurvak

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips खिन्नतापूर्वक in 30 Seconds

Explanation खिन्नतापूर्वक in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to express feelings. You likely know the word 'दुखी' (dukhi), which means 'sad.' The word 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' (Khinnatapurvak) is a much more advanced version of 'sadly.' Think of it as 'very sadly' but used in books. At this stage, you don't need to use this word in your own speaking, but if you see it in a story, remember it means someone is doing something with a sad face. For example, if a character 'speaks khinnatapurvak,' they are speaking because they are unhappy or disappointed. It is a long word, but you can break it down: Khin-na-ta-pur-vak. Just remember the 'sad' part for now! You might see it in simple children's stories when a character loses a game. Even though it is a big word, its core meaning is simple: doing something while feeling bad inside.

As an A2 learner, you are building your vocabulary beyond basic needs. You know 'उदास' (udas) and 'दुखी' (dukhi). 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' is an adverb. An adverb tells us *how* an action is done. In English, these words often end in '-ly,' like 'slowly' or 'happily.' In Hindi, the suffix '-पूर्वक' (-purvak) often does the same thing. So, 'खिन्नता' is the feeling of being dejected, and 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' is 'dejectedly.' You might use this when writing a short paragraph about a character who didn't get what they wanted. For example: 'He looked at his broken toy khinnatapurvak.' It makes your writing sound a bit more 'book-like' and professional. Try to notice the double 'n' sound in the middle—it's a short 'n' followed by a long 'n'.

At the B1 level, you are expected to handle more formal and literary Hindi. 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' is a perfect word for this stage. It describes a specific type of sadness—one that comes from disappointment or being tired of a situation. It is more than just being 'sad'; it's about being 'disheartened.' When you use this word, you are showing that you understand the nuance of Hindi emotions. You will find this word in news reports or in the middle of a novel. For example, 'The captain dejectedly (खिन्नतापूर्वक) left the field after the loss.' Notice that this word is 'Tatsama' (pure Sanskrit). Using it shows you have a higher level of education in the language. You should start trying to use this in your formal essays or when describing a serious movie scene.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable with the grammatical construction of 'खिन्नतापूर्वक.' It is formed from the root 'खिन्न' (adjective: dejected) + 'ता' (suffix to make it a noun) + 'पूर्वक' (suffix to make it an adverb). This 'root + ta + purvak' pattern is very common in formal Hindi (e.g., 'सावधानीपूर्वक' - carefully). You should be able to distinguish 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' from 'निराशापूर्वक' (hopelessly). While 'निराशा' is about having no hope, 'खिन्नता' is about the mental weariness and irritation that comes with sadness. In a B2 level discussion about social issues, you might use this word to describe the public's reaction to a disappointing law. It adds a level of gravity to your speech that simpler words lack. You should also be careful with the pronunciation of the 'reph' (the 'r' sound) in 'पूर्वक'.

For C1 learners, 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' is a tool for precision. At this level, you are not just communicating; you are crafting a specific tone. This word carries a 'heavy' phonetic quality due to the conjunct 'न्न' (nn) and the long vowels. In literary analysis, you might use it to describe the 'Manosthiti' (mental state) of a character in a 'Chhayavadi' poem. You should also be aware of its synonyms like 'विषादपूर्ण ढंग से' (in a melancholic manner) and know when 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' is the better choice. It suggests a sense of personal grievance or a 'bruised ego' that 'विषाद' (melancholy) might not. You should be able to use it fluently in complex sentences, perhaps even using it to modify abstract verbs like 'सोचना' (to think) or 'महसूस करना' (to feel), though it most commonly modifies external actions.

At the C2 level, you understand 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' within the broader context of Sanskritized Hindi and its aesthetic implications. You recognize the root 'khid' and its relationship to other words like 'खेद' (regret/sorrow). You can use this word to navigate the most formal environments—legal, academic, or high-level diplomatic contexts—where precision of emotion is key. You might explore how the use of 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' has evolved in Hindi cinema from the 1950s 'Golden Age' to modern 'Parallel Cinema.' At this level, you can also appreciate the rhythm it brings to a sentence; its five syllables (khin-na-ta-pur-vak) create a slow, deliberate cadence that mirrors the emotion it describes. You are also capable of identifying if a speaker is using it with a hint of irony or hyperbole in a modern context.

Practice it Examples Notes & Tips

खिन्नतापूर्वक in 30 Seconds

A formal adverb meaning 'dejectedly' or 'sadly.'
Derived from Sanskrit, used in literature and news.
Describes actions done with a heavy heart or disappointment.
Invariable in form; always placed before the verb it modifies.

The word खिन्नतापूर्वक (Khinnatapurvak) is a sophisticated Hindi adverb that translates primarily to 'dejectedly,' 'sadly,' or 'with a sense of gloom.' To understand this word, one must first look at its root, खिन्न (Khinn), which is derived from the Sanskrit root √खिद् (khid), meaning 'to be depressed,' 'to be distressed,' or 'to be weary.' In the context of Hindi grammar, the suffix -पूर्वक (-purvak) is added to the abstract noun खिन्नता (khinnata) to transform the emotion into a manner of action. Therefore, it doesn't just describe a feeling; it describes the *way* someone performs an action while carrying that weight of sorrow or disappointment.

Emotional Nuance: Unlike the common word 'दुखी' (dukhi - sad), 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' implies a specific type of sadness—one that is mixed with disappointment, fatigue, or a sense of being let down. It is the feeling of a student who has failed an exam despite hard work, or a lover who has been rejected. It is a 'heavy' sadness.

जब उसे पता चला कि उसकी मेहनत बेकार गई, तो उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी फाइलें समेट लीं। (When he realized his hard work was in vain, he dejectedly packed his files.)

In modern Hindi, you will encounter this word more frequently in written literature, formal journalism, and cinematic scripts rather than in casual street slang. It belongs to the 'Tatsama' category of Hindi words—those borrowed directly from Sanskrit without modification—which gives it an air of elegance and gravity. When a writer uses 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' instead of 'उदासी से' (udasi se), they are purposefully choosing a word that evokes a more profound, almost philosophical state of dejection.

Register and Tone: This word sits firmly in the formal and semi-formal registers. You would use it in a novel to describe a protagonist's reaction to a tragedy, or in a formal report to describe a disappointed community's response to a policy change. It is rarely used when talking to children or in quick text messages among friends.

मंत्री जी ने हार स्वीकार करते हुए खिन्नतापूर्वक अपना भाषण समाप्त किया। (The minister, accepting defeat, finished his speech dejectedly.)

Culturally, the concept of 'khinnata' is tied to the Indian aesthetic theory of 'Rasa.' While not a primary Rasa itself, it is a 'Vyabhichari Bhava' (transitory state) that contributes to the 'Karuna' (pathetic) or 'Shanta' (peaceful/detached) Rasa. It represents a moment where the ego is bruised, leading to a quiet, inward-looking sorrow. This is why the word often accompanies verbs of motion or speech that have slowed down—walking slowly, speaking softly, or looking away.

Synonym Comparison: While 'निराशापूर्वक' (nirashapurvak) means 'hopelessly,' 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' focuses more on the emotional irritation and weariness that accompanies the lack of hope. 'उदासीपूर्वक' is softer, whereas 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' has a sharper edge of personal grievance or exhaustion.

वृद्ध व्यक्ति ने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी पुरानी यादों को याद किया। (The old man dejectedly recalled his old memories.)

Using खिन्नतापूर्वक correctly requires placing it before the verb it modifies. Since it is an adverb of manner, it answers the question 'How?' regarding the action being performed. In Hindi syntax, adverbs typically precede the verb or the verb phrase. Let's explore various sentence structures where this word shines.

Describing Speech: One of the most common uses is to describe how someone speaks when they are disheartened. It modifies verbs like 'कहना' (to say), 'बोलना' (to speak), or 'उत्तर देना' (to answer).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक कहा, "अब कुछ नहीं हो सकता।" (He said dejectedly, "Now nothing can be done.")

Notice how the word sets the emotional stage before the dialogue even begins. This is a classic literary technique in Hindi prose. It signals to the reader that the speaker has lost their spirit or enthusiasm.

Describing Physical Actions: It can also modify physical movements, indicating a lack of energy or a heavy heart. Common verbs include 'जाना' (to go), 'देखना' (to look), and 'बैठना' (to sit).

मैच हारने के बाद खिलाड़ी खिन्नतापूर्वक मैदान से बाहर चले गए। (After losing the match, the players walked off the field dejectedly.)

In this context, the adverb provides a visual cue. It suggests slumped shoulders, slow steps, and downcast eyes. The word carries a weight that the simple 'धीरे' (slowly) does not.

Complex Sentence Structures: In complex sentences with multiple clauses, 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' usually stays attached to the specific action that reflects the mood. It can be used in 'जब-तब' (when-then) structures or with 'क्योंकि' (because).

क्योंकि उसकी सारी योजनाएँ विफल हो गई थीं, वह खिड़की के पास बैठकर खिन्नतापूर्वक बारिश को देखने लगा। (Because all his plans had failed, he sat by the window and began watching the rain dejectedly.)

In advanced Hindi writing, this word is often paired with other adverbs to create a rich tapestry of emotion. For example, 'मौन और खिन्नतापूर्वक' (silently and dejectedly). This layering helps in building a vivid atmosphere in storytelling.

उसने अपनी पुरानी डायरी के पन्ने खिन्नतापूर्वक पलटे। (He turned the pages of his old diary dejectedly.)

Finally, remember that 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' is an invariable adverb. It does not change its form based on the gender or number of the subject. Whether a man, a woman, or a group is acting dejectedly, the word remains 'खिन्नतापूर्वक'. This makes it easier to use once you have mastered its pronunciation and placement.

While you might not hear खिन्नतापूर्वक at a loud vegetable market or during a casual cricket match with friends, it is a staple in specific spheres of Indian life and media. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the 'vibe' of the conversation or text.

1. Hindi Literature (Sahitya): This is the primary home of the word. If you read the short stories of Munshi Premchand or the novels of modern writers like Krishna Sobti, you will find characters acting 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' frequently. It is used to describe the internal struggles of the common man against societal pressures.

कहानी के अंत में, नायक ने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी हार स्वीकार कर ली। (At the end of the story, the hero dejectedly accepted his defeat.)

In literary criticism, scholars might use the word to describe the 'Swar' (tone) of a particular poem or era, such as the period of disillusionment following major political shifts.

2. News and Journalism: Formal news broadcasts, especially on channels like Rajya Sabha TV or in editorials of newspapers like 'Dainik Jagran' and 'Jansatta,' use this word to describe political or social moods. A reporter might say that a certain community reacted 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' to a new regulation.

विपक्ष ने बजट प्रस्तावों पर खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी प्रतिक्रिया दी। (The opposition gave its reaction to the budget proposals dejectedly.)

3. Historical and Mythological Dramas: TV shows depicting the Ramayana, Mahabharata, or the lives of Indian kings often use high-register Hindi (Shuddh Hindi). In these shows, a king might speak 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' when his kingdom is under threat or when he has to make a difficult sacrifice.

महाराज ने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपने सेनापति को विदा किया। (The King dejectedly bid farewell to his general.)

Even in modern Bollywood, if a character is portrayed as an intellectual, a poet, or a person from a highly educated background, their dialogue may include 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' to emphasize their depth and command over the language.

4. Formal Debates and Speeches: In academic settings or formal public speaking, this word is used to express a serious, considered sadness. It sounds much more professional than 'sadly.' It shows that the speaker is not just emotional, but has a reasoned cause for their dejection.

वक्ता ने खिन्नतापूर्वक पर्यावरण के गिरते स्तर पर चर्चा की। (The speaker dejectedly discussed the declining level of the environment.)

Because खिन्नतापूर्वक is a complex, multi-syllabic word from a high-register vocabulary, learners (and sometimes native speakers) often make specific errors in its usage, pronunciation, and spelling. Avoiding these will make your Hindi sound more authentic and precise.

1. Confusing Noun and Adverb: The most common mistake is using the noun 'खिन्नता' (dejection) where the adverb 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' (dejectedly) is required, or vice versa. Remember: 'खिन्नता' is a thing you feel; 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' is how you do something.

Incorrect: उसने खिन्नता कहा।
Correct: उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक कहा। (He said dejectedly.)

In the first sentence, you are saying 'He said dejection,' which makes no sense. In the second, you are describing the *manner* of his speaking.

2. Register Mismatch: Using 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' in a very casual or slang-filled conversation can sound jarring or even sarcastic. It's like saying 'I dejectedly misplaced my socks' in English. It's too formal for trivial matters.

3. Spelling and Pronunciation Errors: The double 'n' (न्न) in 'खिन्नता' is often missed. It should be pronounced with a slight hold on the 'n' sound. Also, ensure the 'v' (व) in 'पूर्वक' is not pronounced as a 'b' (ब), which is a common regional variation but considered incorrect in standard Hindi.

Spelling Tip: ख + ि + न्न (half n + full n) + ता + पू + र्व + क.

Another error is the misplacement of the 'reph' (the 'r' sound in 'पूर्वक'). It goes over the 'va' (व), not the 'pa' (प). Writing it as 'पुर्वक' is a common mistake; it must be 'पूर्वक' with a long 'u' (ू).

4. Overuse of Suffixes: Some learners try to say 'खिन्नतापूर्वक से' (khinnatapurvak se). This is redundant because '-पूर्वक' already means 'with' or 'in the manner of.' Adding 'से' (with/from) at the end is like saying 'dejectedly with.'

Incorrect: उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक से सिर हिलाया।
Correct: उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक सिर हिलाया। (He shook his head dejectedly.)

Hindi is rich in synonyms for expressing sadness. Depending on the intensity, the cause, and the social context, you might choose a word other than खिन्नतापूर्वक. Here is a comparison to help you choose the right tool for your linguistic kit.

1. निराशापूर्वक (Nirashapurvak): Meaning: Hopelessly. While 'khinnatapurvak' emphasizes the mood of dejection, 'nirashapurvak' focuses on the lack of expectation for a positive outcome. Use this when the character has given up.

उसने निराशापूर्वक खाली मैदान की ओर देखा। (He looked at the empty field hopelessly.)

2. उदासी से (Udasi se): Meaning: Sadly / With sadness. This is the most common, neutral alternative. It is suitable for almost any context, from a child losing a toy to a person missing a friend. It lacks the formal 'weight' of 'khinnatapurvak.'

बच्चा उदासी से कोने में बैठ गया। (The child sat in the corner sadly.)

3. शोकपूर्वक (Shokpurvak): Meaning: Mournfully / With grief. This is much stronger than 'khinnatapurvak.' It is specifically reserved for death, great tragedy, or national mourning. You wouldn't use this for a failed exam.

पूरे देश ने शोकपूर्वक अपने नेता को श्रद्धांजलि दी। (The whole country mournfully paid tribute to its leader.)

4. म्लान भाव से (Mlan bhav se): Meaning: With a withered/pale expression. This is a very poetic alternative. 'Mlan' literally means withered (like a flower). It describes a sadness that has drained the color or energy from a person's face.

वह म्लान भाव से मुस्कुराई। (She smiled with a withered/sad expression.)

In summary, choose 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' when you want to convey a formal, heavy, and somewhat weary dejection. Choose 'उदासी से' for general use, 'निराशापूर्वक' for hopelessness, and 'शोकपूर्वक' for deep grief.

How Formal Is It?

Fun Fact

The root 'khid' in Sanskrit is the same root that gives us the word 'khinn' in many North Indian languages, often used in literature to describe a specific 'dry' or 'weary' sadness.

Pronunciation Guide

UK /kʰɪn.nə.t̪ɑː.puːɾ.ʋək/

US /kʰɪn.nə.t̪ɑː.pʊɹ.vək/

The primary stress is on the syllable 'ta' and the secondary stress is on 'pur'.

Rhymes With

सावधानीपूर्वक (Savdhanipurvak) सफलतापूर्वक (Safaltapurvak) धैर्यपूर्वक (Dhairyapurvak) शांतिपूर्वक (Shantipurvak) प्रसन्नतापूर्वक (Prasannatapurvak) निश्चयपूर्वक (Nishchaypurvak) विवेकपूर्वक (Vivekpurvak) नियमपूर्वक (Niyampurvak)

Common Errors

Pronouncing 'nn' as a single 'n'.
Pronouncing 'purvak' as 'purbak' (common in Eastern India).
Shortening the 'u' in 'purvak'.
Misplacing the 'r' sound before 'p' instead of 'v'.
Missing the aspiration on 'kh'.

Difficulty Rating

Reading 4/5

The double 'nn' and the length of the word make it tricky for beginners.

Writing 5/5

Spelling 'पूर्वक' correctly with the reph is a common hurdle.

Speaking 4/5

Requires clear aspiration of 'kh' and correct stress on syllables.

Listening 3/5

The '-purvak' ending is a clear marker once you learn it.

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

दुखी (Dukhi) उदास (Udas) पूर्वक (Purvak) खिन्न (Khinn) ता (Suffix)

Learn Next

निराशापूर्वक (Nirashapurvak) धैर्यपूर्वक (Dhairyapurvak) सावधानीपूर्वक (Savdhanipurvak) विषाद (Vishad) ग्लानि (Glani)

Advanced

वैराग्य (Vairagya) निर्वेद (Nirved) करुण रस (Karun Rasa) अवसाद (Avsad) व्यथा (Vyatha)

Grammar to Know

Adverb Formation with -पूर्वक

खिन्नता (noun) + पूर्वक = खिन्नतापूर्वक (adverb)

Ergative Case with Transitive Verbs in Past Tense

उसने (subject + ne) खिन्नतापूर्वक कहा।

Placement of Adverbs

Adverbs like 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' usually come before the verb.

Geminate Consonants (न्न)

The 'nn' in 'खिन्नता' must be pronounced as a double consonant.

Invariable Adverbs

'खिन्नतापूर्वक' does not change for gender or number.

Examples by Level

वह खिन्नतापूर्वक घर गया।

He went home dejectedly.

Simple subject + adverb + destination + verb.

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक 'नहीं' कहा।

He said 'no' dejectedly.

Adverb placed before the quoted speech.

राम खिन्नतापूर्वक बैठा है।

Ram is sitting dejectedly.

Present continuous state with an adverb.

बिल्ली खिन्नतापूर्वक बाहर गई।

The cat went out dejectedly.

Animal subject with a human-like emotion.

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपना खिलौना देखा।

He looked at his toy dejectedly.

Subject + adverb + object + verb.

माँ ने खिन्नतापूर्वक सिर हिलाया।

Mother shook her head dejectedly.

Subject with postposition 'ne' (ergative case).

वह खिन्नतापूर्वक सो गया।

He went to sleep dejectedly.

Compound verb 'so gaya'.

खिन्नतापूर्वक मत बोलो।

Don't speak dejectedly.

Imperative sentence with 'mat' (don't).

जब बारिश हुई, तो बच्चे खिन्नतापूर्वक अंदर आ गए।

When it rained, the children came inside dejectedly.

Complex sentence with 'jab' (when) and 'to' (then).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी पुरानी साइकिल बेची।

He sold his old bicycle dejectedly.

Past tense with transitive verb 'bechna'.

परीक्षा में कम अंक पाकर वह खिन्नतापूर्वक रोने लगा।

Getting low marks in the exam, he started crying dejectedly.

Participle 'pakar' (having received) + 'rone laga' (started crying).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी हार मान ली।

He accepted his defeat dejectedly.

Idiomatic expression 'haar maanna' (to accept defeat).

वह खिन्नतापूर्वक खिड़की के बाहर देख रहा था।

He was looking out of the window dejectedly.

Past continuous tense.

नौकरी न मिलने पर वह खिन्नतापूर्वक बैठा रहा।

Upon not getting a job, he remained sitting dejectedly.

Negative participle 'na milne par'.

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक पत्र फाड़ दिया।

He tore the letter dejectedly.

Transitive verb with 'ne'.

खिलाड़ी खिन्नतापूर्वक ड्रेसिंग रूम में लौट आए।

The players returned to the dressing room dejectedly.

Plural subject with 'laut aaye'.

लेखक ने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी अधूरी कहानी को देखा।

The author dejectedly looked at his unfinished story.

Formal subject 'lekhak'.

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक स्वीकार किया कि वह गलत था।

He dejectedly admitted that he was wrong.

Subordinate clause starting with 'ki' (that).

बूढ़े आदमी ने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपने खाली घर को देखा।

The old man dejectedly looked at his empty house.

Use of 'apne' as a reflexive possessive.

समारोह रद्द होने पर लोग खिन्नतापूर्वक जाने लगे।

When the ceremony was cancelled, people began to leave dejectedly.

'Hone par' construction (upon happening).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी अलमारी से पुरानी तस्वीरें निकालीं।

She dejectedly took out old photos from her cupboard.

Plural object 'tasveeren'.

प्रधानमंत्री ने खिन्नतापूर्वक आपदा प्रभावित क्षेत्र का दौरा किया।

The Prime Minister dejectedly visited the disaster-affected area.

Formal/Political context.

वह खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी किस्मत को कोसने लगा।

He began to curse his fate dejectedly.

'Laga' to indicate the start of an action.

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपना इस्तीफा मेज पर रख दिया।

He dejectedly placed his resignation on the table.

Specific professional context.

अपनी सारी बचत खो देने के बाद, व्यापारी खिन्नतापूर्वक चुप हो गया।

After losing all his savings, the merchant became dejectedly silent.

'Khone ke baad' (after losing).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक टिप्पणी की कि समाज बदल रहा है।

He dejectedly remarked that society is changing.

'Tippani karna' (to remark/comment).

वैज्ञानिक ने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपने असफल प्रयोग के परिणामों को देखा।

The scientist dejectedly looked at the results of his failed experiment.

Scientific/Academic context.

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी डायरी में उस दिन की घटनाओं को लिखा।

He dejectedly wrote the events of that day in his diary.

Reflexive possessive 'apni'.

जब योजना विफल हुई, तो निर्देशक ने खिन्नतापूर्वक टीम को संबोधित किया।

When the plan failed, the director addressed the team dejectedly.

'Sambodhit karna' (to address).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपने बचपन के दोस्तों को याद किया जो अब दूर थे।

He dejectedly remembered his childhood friends who were now far away.

Relative clause 'jo ab door the'.

कोर्ट के फैसले के बाद, वकील ने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी फाइलें बंद कर दीं।

After the court's decision, the lawyer dejectedly closed his files.

Legal context.

वह खिन्नतापूर्वक उस टूटे हुए पुल को देख रहा था जिसे उसने बनाया था।

He was dejectedly looking at that broken bridge which he had built.

Past perfect 'banaya tha'.

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी कविताओं की पांडुलिपि को आग के हवाले कर दिया।

He dejectedly consigned the manuscript of his poems to the fire.

High literary register 'pandulipi' (manuscript).

दार्शनिक ने खिन्नतापूर्वक मानवता के पतन पर विचार किया।

The philosopher dejectedly reflected on the decline of humanity.

Abstract subject 'darshanik' (philosopher).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक यह अनुभव किया कि समय किसी का इंतज़ार नहीं करता।

He dejectedly realized that time waits for no one.

'Anubhav kiya' (experienced/realized).

राजनीतिज्ञ ने खिन्नतापूर्वक स्वीकार किया कि उनके आदर्श अब अप्रासंगिक हो गए हैं।

The politician dejectedly admitted that his ideals have now become irrelevant.

Complex vocabulary 'aprasangik' (irrelevant).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी कलाकृति को अधूरा छोड़ दिया क्योंकि उसे प्रेरणा नहीं मिल रही थी।

He dejectedly left his artwork unfinished because he wasn't finding inspiration.

Causal clause with 'kyonki'.

इतिहासकार ने खिन्नतापूर्वक उन दस्तावेजों को पढ़ा जो युद्ध की विभीषिका बताते थे।

The historian dejectedly read those documents that described the horrors of war.

'Vibhishika' (horrors/terror).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपने पूर्वजों की विरासत को बिखरते हुए देखा।

He dejectedly watched his ancestors' legacy crumbling.

'Bikhartu hue' (crumbling/scattering).

नायक ने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी अंतिम विदाई दी और अंधेरे में ओझल हो गया।

The hero gave his final farewell dejectedly and vanished into the darkness.

Literary 'ojhal hona' (to vanish).

विद्वान ने खिन्नतापूर्वक तर्क दिया कि भाषा की शुद्धता धीरे-धीरे लुप्त हो रही है।

The scholar dejectedly argued that the purity of language is gradually vanishing.

Sophisticated verb 'tark diya' (argued).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अस्तित्व के शून्य को महसूस किया और मौन धारण कर लिया।

He dejectedly felt the void of existence and adopted silence.

Philosophical 'shunya' (void).

समीक्षक ने खिन्नतापूर्वक टिप्पणी की कि आधुनिक कला में संवेदना का अभाव है।

The critic dejectedly remarked that modern art lacks sensitivity.

'Abhav' (lack/absence).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी स्मृतियों के गलियारों में भटकते हुए पाया कि सब कुछ बदल चुका है।

He dejectedly found himself wandering through the corridors of his memories, realizing everything had changed.

Metaphorical 'smritiyon ke galiyare'.

समाजशास्त्री ने खिन्नतापूर्वक शहरीकरण के दुष्प्रभावों पर एक लंबा लेख लिखा।

The sociologist dejectedly wrote a long article on the ill-effects of urbanization.

'Dushprabhav' (ill-effects).

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी आत्मा के एकांत में झाँका और स्वयं को अकेला पाया।

He dejectedly peered into the solitude of his soul and found himself alone.

Deeply introspective language.

न्यायाधीश ने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपना अंतिम फैसला सुनाया, जो कानूनन सही पर नैतिक रूप से कठिन था।

The judge dejectedly announced his final verdict, which was legally correct but morally difficult.

Contrast between 'kanunan' and 'naitik'.

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी नियति को गले लगा लिया, यह जानते हुए कि संघर्ष अब व्यर्थ है।

He dejectedly embraced his destiny, knowing that struggle was now futile.

'Vyarth' (futile/useless).

Synonyms

निराशापूर्वक उदासी से म्लान भाव से दुखी होकर विषादपूर्ण ढंग से ग्लानिपूर्वक मन मारकर अफ़सोस के साथ

Antonyms

उत्साहपूर्वक खुशी-खुशी प्रसन्नतापूर्वक हर्षोल्लास के साथ

Common Collocations

खिन्नतापूर्वक कहना

खिन्नतापूर्वक सिर हिलाना

खिन्नतापूर्वक देखना

खिन्नतापूर्वक बैठना

खिन्नतापूर्वक स्वीकार करना

खिन्नतापूर्वक मुस्कुराना

खिन्नतापूर्वक चलना

खिन्नतापूर्वक उत्तर देना

खिन्नतापूर्वक सोचना

खिन्नतापूर्वक विदा लेना

Common Phrases

खिन्नतापूर्वक मौन

— A dejected silence where no words are spoken out of sadness.

कमरे में खिन्नतापूर्वक मौन छा गया।

खिन्नतापूर्वक दृष्टि

— A dejected look or gaze.

उसकी खिन्नतापूर्वक दृष्टि ने सब कुछ कह दिया।

खिन्नतापूर्वक स्वर

— A dejected tone of voice.

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक स्वर में अपनी व्यथा सुनाई।

खिन्नतापूर्वक प्रतिक्रिया

— A dejected reaction to news or events.

जनता की खिन्नतापूर्वक प्रतिक्रिया देखकर नेता हैरान थे।

खिन्नतापूर्वक विदा

— A sad or dejected farewell.

उनकी खिन्नतापूर्वक विदा ने सबको उदास कर दिया।

खिन्नतापूर्वक मुस्कान

— A sad, forced smile.

उसके चेहरे पर एक खिन्नतापूर्वक मुस्कान थी।

खिन्नतापूर्वक कदम

— Dejected steps, usually slow and heavy.

वह खिन्नतापूर्वक कदम बढ़ाते हुए दूर चला गया।

खिन्नतापूर्वक विचार

— Dejected or gloomy thoughts.

वह खिन्नतापूर्वक विचारों में खोया हुआ था।

खिन्नतापूर्वक स्वीकारोक्ति

— A dejected confession or admission.

यह उसकी खिन्नतापूर्वक स्वीकारोक्ति थी।

खिन्नतापूर्वक विवशता

— A state of dejected helplessness.

उसकी आँखों में खिन्नतापूर्वक विवशता झलक रही थी।

Often Confused With

खिन्नतापूर्वक vs खिन्न (Khinn)

'Khinn' is an adjective (dejected), while 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' is an adverb (dejectedly).

खिन्नतापूर्वक vs खिन्नता (Khinnata)

'Khinnata' is the noun (dejection). You feel 'khinnata', but you act 'khinnatapurvak'.

खिन्नतापूर्वक vs निराशापूर्वक (Nirashapurvak)

'Nirashapurvak' means hopelessly. 'Khinnatapurvak' is more about the mood of dejection.

Idioms & Expressions

"खिन्नता के बादल मँडराना"

— To have a sense of gloom hanging over a situation.

उसकी असफलता के बाद घर में खिन्नता के बादल मँडराने लगे।

Literary

"खिन्नता में डूबना"

— To be deeply immersed in dejection.

वह पूरी तरह से खिन्नता में डूबा हुआ है।

Neutral

"खिन्नता का घूँट पीना"

— To endure dejection or disappointment silently.

उसने अपमान सहकर खिन्नता का घूँट पी लिया।

Literary

"खिन्नता की लकीरें"

— Visible signs of sadness on the face.

उसके माथे पर खिन्नता की लकीरें साफ़ दिख रही थीं।

Literary

"खिन्नता का भाव"

— A feeling of dejection.

उसके चेहरे पर खिन्नता का भाव था।

Neutral

"खिन्नता को गले लगाना"

— To accept a state of sadness.

अंत में उसने अपनी खिन्नता को गले लगा लिया।

Poetic

"खिन्नता से भरा होना"

— To be full of dejection.

उसका हृदय खिन्नता से भरा हुआ था।

Neutral

"खिन्नता की छाया"

— The shadow of gloom/dejection.

उनके परिवार पर खिन्नता की छाया पड़ गई है।

Literary

"खिन्नता प्रकट करना"

— To express dejection.

उसने अपनी खिन्नता प्रकट करने में देर नहीं की।

Formal

"खिन्नता का आलम"

— A state or environment of dejection.

वहाँ खिन्नता का आलम था।

Urdu-influenced Hindi

Easily Confused

खिन्नतापूर्वक vs खेदपूर्वक

Both start with 'kh' and relate to sadness.

'Khedpurvak' means regretfully, usually used for apologies. 'Khinnatapurvak' is about dejection.

उसने खेदपूर्वक अपनी गलती के लिए माफी माँगी।

खिन्नतापूर्वक vs क्रोधपूर्वक

Similar suffix '-purvak'.

'Krodhpurvak' means angrily. It's the opposite emotional energy of 'khinnatapurvak'.

उसने क्रोधपूर्वक दरवाजा बंद कर दिया।

खिन्नतापूर्वक vs शांतिपूर्वक

Similar suffix and rhythm.

'Shantipurvak' means peacefully. It lacks the sadness of 'khinnatapurvak'.

लोग शांतिपूर्वक विरोध कर रहे थे।

खिन्नतापूर्वक vs सावधानीपूर्वक

Very common '-purvak' word.

'Savdhanipurvak' means carefully. It's about attention, not emotion.

उसने सावधानीपूर्वक सड़क पार की।

खिन्नतापूर्वक vs निश्चयपूर्वक

Similar formal register.

'Nishchaypurvak' means definitely or with determination. It is positive/strong.

उसने निश्चयपूर्वक अपनी बात कही।

Sentence Patterns

Subject + खिन्नतापूर्वक + Verb.

वह खिन्नतापूर्वक गया।

Subject + Object + खिन्नतापूर्वक + Verb.

उसने काम खिन्नतापूर्वक किया।

जब... तब Subject + खिन्नतापूर्वक + Verb.

जब वह हारा, तब वह खिन्नतापूर्वक बैठा रहा।

Subject + ने + खिन्नतापूर्वक + कहा कि...

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक कहा कि वह उदास है।

Participle + Subject + खिन्नतापूर्वक + Verb.

असफल होकर, वह खिन्नतापूर्वक लौट आया।

Subject + खिन्नतापूर्वक + [Compound Verb].

उसने खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी हार स्वीकार कर ली।

Adverb + और + खिन्नतापूर्वक + Verb.

वह धीरे और खिन्नतापूर्वक बोला।

Complex Subject + खिन्नतापूर्वक + Philosophical Verb.

दार्शनिक ने खिन्नतापूर्वक जीवन के अर्थ पर विचार किया।

Word Family

Nouns

खिन्नता (Khinnata - Dejection)

खेद (Khed - Regret)

Verbs

खिन्न होना (Khinn hona - To be dejected)

खिन्न करना (Khinn karna - To make someone dejected)

Adjectives

खिन्न (Khinn - Dejected/Sad)

विषाद (Vishad)

उदासी (Udasi)

निराशा (Nirasha)

ग्लानि (Glani)

शोक (Shok)

How to Use It

frequency

Moderate in literature, low in daily conversation.

Common Mistakes

Writing 'खिनतापूर्वक' instead of 'खिन्नतापूर्वक'. → खिन्नतापूर्वक
The word requires a double 'n' (half 'n' + full 'n'). Missing it changes the rhythm and is a spelling error.
Using it as an adjective: 'वह खिन्नतापूर्वक आदमी है।' → वह खिन्न आदमी है।
'खिन्नतापूर्वक' is an adverb. You cannot use it to describe a noun directly. Use the adjective 'खिन्न' instead.
Pronouncing 'purvak' as 'purbak'. → Khinnatapurvak (with a 'v')
In standard Hindi, the 'v' (व) should not be replaced by 'b' (ब), although this happens in some dialects.
Saying 'खिन्नतापूर्वक से'. → खिन्नतापूर्वक
Redundancy. '-पूर्वक' already means 'with'. Adding 'से' is like saying 'dejectedly with'.
Using it for small, happy things. → N/A
The word's meaning is inherently negative/dejected. Using it in a happy context makes no sense unless you are being very sarcastic.

Tips

Use in Writing

In your Hindi essays, use 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' to describe a character's reaction to failure. It will impress your teachers and show advanced vocabulary.

The Double N

Don't ignore the 'nn' (न्न). It's a 'geminate' consonant. Hold the 'n' sound for a split second longer than a single 'n' to sound like a native.

Suffix Pattern

Learn the '-पूर्वक' suffix. Once you know it, you can understand hundreds of other Hindi adverbs like 'सफलतापूर्वक' (successfully) and 'शांतिपूर्वक' (peacefully).

Literary Context

When reading Hindi literature, look for this word. It often signals a turning point where a character has lost their will to fight.

Synonym Choice

Choose 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' over 'उदासी से' when the sadness is related to a specific disappointment or a 'tired' feeling.

The Reph Rule

Always place the 'reph' (r-hook) on the letter *after* the 'r' sound is heard. In 'पूर्वक', you hear 'r' before 'v', so the hook goes on 'v'.

Formal News

Watch news channels like 'DD News' to hear this word used in a formal, professional context.

Tone Match

When saying this word, use a somber, serious tone. Your non-verbal communication should match the 'dejected' meaning of the word.

Tatsama Words

Recognize that this is a 'Tatsama' word. These words are the 'fancy' or 'intellectual' layer of Hindi. Using them correctly elevates your speech.

Root Association

Associate 'Khinn' with 'Khed' (regret). Both start with 'Kh' and are formal words for negative emotions.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Break it into parts: KHIN (like 'thin' with a 'k') + NA + TA + POOR (like 'poor') + VAK. Think of a 'POOR' person who is 'THIN' and sad.

Visual Association

Imagine a person standing in the rain, looking at a dropped ice cream cone. That slow, heavy feeling is 'Khinnatapurvak'.

Word Web

Sadness Disappointment Formal Adverb Sanskrit Literature Heavy heart Disheartened

Challenge

Try to write three sentences describing a movie character's reaction to a sad ending using 'खिन्नतापूर्वक'.

Word Origin

Derived from Sanskrit 'खिन्नता' (Khinnata) + 'पूर्वक' (Purvaka).

Original meaning: 'Khinnata' means the state of being distressed or weary. 'Purvaka' means 'preceded by' or 'with'.

Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)

Cultural Context

The word is safe to use in all contexts, but using it for trivial things might sound sarcastic.

English speakers might use 'sadly' for everything, but Hindi speakers use 'khinnatapurvak' to add a layer of formal 'weight' and 'disappointment' that 'sadly' sometimes lacks.

Munshi Premchand's stories often describe protagonists acting 'khinnata se' or 'khinnatapurvak'. In the Mahabharata, King Dhritarashtra often speaks 'khinnatapurvak' regarding the fate of his sons.

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

Literature

नायक ने खिन्नतापूर्वक कहा
खिन्नतापूर्वक मौन छा गया
उसकी खिन्नतापूर्वक दृष्टि
खिन्नतापूर्वक विदा लेना

News/Reporting

जनता ने खिन्नतापूर्वक प्रतिक्रिया दी
मंत्री ने खिन्नतापूर्वक स्वीकार किया
खिन्नतापूर्वक माहौल
खिन्नतापूर्वक वक्तव्य

Personal Reflection

मैं खिन्नतापूर्वक सोच रहा था
खिन्नतापूर्वक अपनी यादें ताज़ा करना
खिन्नतापूर्वक डायरी लिखना
खिन्नतापूर्वक मुस्कुराना

Professional Failure

खिन्नतापूर्वक इस्तीफा देना
खिन्नतापूर्वक फाइलें समेटना
खिन्नतापूर्वक हार मानना
खिन्नतापूर्वक प्रोजेक्ट बंद करना

Formal Social Events

खिन्नतापूर्वक निमंत्रण अस्वीकार करना
खिन्नतापूर्वक समारोह से जाना
खिन्नतापूर्वक भाषण समाप्त करना
खिन्नतापूर्वक श्रद्धांजलि देना

Conversation Starters

"क्या तुमने देखा कि उसने कितनी खिन्नतापूर्वक उत्तर दिया?"

"जब उसने अपनी हार खिन्नतापूर्वक स्वीकार की, तो मुझे बुरा लगा।"

"लेखक ने इस दृश्य को खिन्नतापूर्वक क्यों चित्रित किया है?"

"क्या हम 'उदासी' की जगह 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं?"

"वह खिन्नतापूर्वक क्यों बैठा है, क्या कुछ हुआ है?"

Journal Prompts

आज मैंने खिन्नतापूर्वक महसूस किया कि...

एक समय जब मैंने अपनी हार खिन्नतापूर्वक स्वीकार की थी।

किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति का वर्णन करें जो खिन्नतापूर्वक चल रहा हो।

अगर कोई कहानी खिन्नतापूर्वक समाप्त होती है, तो आप कैसा महसूस करते हैं?

'खिन्नतापूर्वक' शब्द का प्रयोग करते हुए एक छोटा सा संवाद लिखें।

Frequently Asked Questions

10 questions

Not usually. It is considered quite formal and literary. In daily life, people prefer 'उदासी से' or 'दुखी होकर.' Using 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' in a casual chat might make you sound like a character from an old book.

The root is the Sanskrit word 'खिन्न' (Khinn), which means dejected or distressed. It comes from the root 'khid' (to be depressed).

No. While dejection can sometimes involve a bit of irritation, 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' specifically describes a low-energy, sad, or disappointed state. For 'angrily,' use 'क्रोधपूर्वक' or 'गुस्से में.'

As an adverb, it has no gender. It remains 'खिन्नतापूर्वक' regardless of whether the subject is male, female, or plural.

The 'r' sound is written as a 'reph' (a small hook) over the letter 'v' (व). It is pronounced before the 'v'. So it is 'p-u-r-v-a-k.'

'Nirashapurvak' means 'hopelessly' (no hope left). 'Khinnatapurvak' means 'dejectedly' (feeling sad and worn out by disappointment). They are similar but not identical.

No, that is grammatically incorrect. The suffix '-पूर्वक' already includes the meaning of 'with' or 'in the manner of.' Adding 'से' is redundant.

Rarely. Bollywood songs usually use simpler words like 'उदास,' 'तन्हा,' or 'गमगीन' (from Urdu). You might find it in very poetic or 'Shuddh Hindi' songs.

Think of it as two parts: 'Khinnata' (the sadness) and 'Purvak' (the -ly). If you learn 'Khinn' = Sad, the rest follows the standard Hindi pattern for adverbs.

It is typically considered a B1/B2 level word because of its formal nature and Sanskrit origin.