सुखद
सुखद in 30 Seconds
- Sukhad is a Hindi adjective meaning 'pleasant' or 'happiness-giving'.
- It is used for weather, news, experiences, and atmosphere.
- It is an invariant adjective that does not change for gender or number.
- It is a formal and polite word, commonly used in travel greetings.
- Semantic Range
- It covers sensory experiences (smell, touch, sound), emotional states (surprises, memories), and intellectual outcomes (results, news).
आज की शाम बहुत सुखद है। (Today's evening is very pleasant.)
हमें एक सुखद समाचार मिला। (We received a pleasant piece of news.)
- Usage in Media
- In weather reports, a temperature drop is often called 'sukhad parivartan' (a pleasant change).
पहाड़ों की हवा बहुत सुखद होती है। (The mountain air is very pleasant.)
यह मेरे लिए एक सुखद अनुभव था। (This was a pleasant experience for me.)
- Synonym comparison
- Unlike 'Anandmay' (blissful), which is intense, 'Sukhad' is more grounded and everyday.
संगीत की धुन बहुत सुखद है। (The melody of the music is very pleasant.)
- Attributive Use
- Placed before the noun: 'Sukhad yatra' (Pleasant journey). Here it acts as a qualifier.
आपकी यात्रा सुखद हो। (May your journey be pleasant.)
- Predicative Use
- Placed after the verb: 'Mausam sukhad hai' (The weather is pleasant).
यह अहसास बहुत सुखद है। (This feeling is very pleasant.)
- Modifying Abstract Nouns
- It is frequently used with abstract nouns like 'yaadein' (memories) or 'ehsaas' (feeling).
बचपन की यादें हमेशा सुखद होती हैं। (Childhood memories are always pleasant.)
यह फिल्म एक सुखद अनुभव प्रदान करती है। (This film provides a pleasant experience.)
हमें वहां जाकर सुखद आश्चर्य हुआ। (We were pleasantly surprised to go there.)
- News & Media
- News anchors use it when reporting positive developments, especially in weather or social progress. 'Mausam mein sukhad badlav' (A pleasant change in weather).
आज का दिन खेल प्रेमियों के लिए सुखद रहा। (Today was a pleasant day for sports lovers.)
- Hospitality
- Hotels and restaurants use it in their marketing: 'Hamare yahan aapka stay sukhad rahega' (Your stay here will be pleasant).
ग्राहक की संतुष्टि हमारे लिए एक सुखद बात है। (Customer satisfaction is a pleasant matter for us.)
पुरानी तस्वीरों को देखना सुखद लगता है। (Looking at old photos feels pleasant.)
- Business Context
- It appears in formal letters: 'Aapke saath kaam karna ek sukhad anubhav raha' (Working with you has been a pleasant experience).
नतीजे हमारी उम्मीदों से अधिक सुखद थे। (The results were more pleasant than our expectations.)
- Gender Agreement Confusion
- Beginners often try to change 'sukhad' to 'sukhad-i' for feminine nouns. Remember, 'sukhad' is invariant.
सुखदी यादें (Incorrect) vs सुखद यादें (Correct).
- Overusing 'Achha'
- Learners often stick to 'achha' for everything. While not a grammatical error, failing to use 'sukhad' in formal or aesthetic contexts makes your Hindi sound basic.
खाना सुखद है। (Incorrect/Odd: Food is pleasant? Better: Khana swadist hai - Food is tasty.)
यह एक सुखद अंत था। (This was a pleasant end.)
- Pronunciation Error
- Some learners pronounce the 'kh' as a soft 'k'. It should be the aspirated 'kh' (as in 'Khan' or 'Kite' but with more breath).
संगीत का असर सुखद होता है। (The effect of music is pleasant.)
- मनोरम (Manoram)
- Meaning 'beautiful' or 'mind-pleasing'. Used mostly for scenery or visual beauty. 'Manoram drishya' (A beautiful/pleasant sight).
वहां का दृश्य बहुत मनोरम था। (The view there was very beautiful/pleasant.)
- आनंददायक (Anand-dayak)
- Meaning 'blissful' or 'joy-giving'. This is stronger than 'sukhad'. While a breeze is 'sukhad', a spiritual experience might be 'anand-dayak'.
- सुहावना (Suhaavana)
- Strictly used for weather or atmosphere. 'Suhaavana mausam' (Pleasant weather). This is more informal and colloquial than 'sukhad'.
आज मौसम बहुत सुहावना है। (Today the weather is very pleasant.)
- रुचिकर (Ruchikar)
- Meaning 'interesting' or 'to one's taste'. Used for books, food, or hobbies.
यह समाचार मेरे लिए सुखद था। (This news was pleasant for me.)
- Comparison Table
- Sukhad: General/Abstract. Suhaavana: Weather. Manoram: Visual. Anand-dayak: Intense Joy.
शांति का अनुभव सुखद होता है। (The experience of peace is pleasant.)
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
In ancient Sanskrit, the opposite of 'Sukha' was 'Dukha' (bad axle hole), which meant a bumpy, uncomfortable ride. So, 'Sukhad' literally means something that makes your life's journey smooth!
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'kh' as 'k' (e.g., Sukad). It must be aspirated.
- Pronouncing 'd' as a retroflex 'D' (like in 'Dog'). It should be dental (like in 'The').
- Elongating the 'u' to 'soo'. It is a short 'u'.
Difficulty Rating
Easy to recognize once you know the root 'Sukh'.
Requires remembering the aspirated 'kh' and the dental 'd'.
Simple pronunciation, no complex gender rules.
Commonly heard in public announcements and news.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Invariant Adjectives
Words ending in consonants like 'Sukhad' don't change for gender.
Suffix -ad
The suffix '-ad' means 'giving'. (e.g., Sukhad, Harshad).
Adjective Position
Typically precedes the noun: 'Sukhad yatra'.
Predicate Adjectives
Follows 'hai': 'Mausam sukhad hai'.
Adverbs of Degree
Use 'bahut' or 'atyant' to intensify: 'bahut sukhad'.
Examples by Level
आज का दिन सुखद है।
Today is a pleasant day.
Simple subject-adjective-verb structure.
सुखद यात्रा!
Pleasant journey!
Used as a common greeting/wish.
यह एक सुखद अहसास है।
This is a pleasant feeling.
'Ehsaas' is a masculine noun.
हवा सुखद है।
The wind is pleasant.
Predicate adjective.
चाय सुखद है।
The tea is pleasant.
Describes the experience of drinking it.
सुखद रविवार!
Pleasant Sunday!
Adjective modifying a day of the week.
नींद सुखद थी।
The sleep was pleasant.
Past tense usage.
फूल की खुशबू सुखद है।
The flower's fragrance is pleasant.
Describes a sensory experience.
हमारी यात्रा बहुत सुखद रही।
Our journey was very pleasant.
'Rahi' is the feminine verb agreeing with 'Yatra'.
यह मेरे लिए सुखद समाचार है।
This is pleasant news for me.
'Samachar' is masculine.
पहाड़ों का मौसम सुखद होता है।
The weather in the mountains is pleasant.
'Hota hai' denotes a general truth.
मुझे एक सुखद आश्चर्य हुआ।
I had a pleasant surprise.
'Sukhad ashcharya' is a common collocation.
उसकी बातें सुखद थीं।
His/her words were pleasant.
Plural agreement with 'Baatein'.
यह फिल्म सुखद है।
This film is pleasant.
Describing media.
छुट्टियां सुखद बीतीं।
The holidays passed pleasantly.
Adverbial usage of the adjective.
पुराना संगीत सुखद लगता है।
Old music feels pleasant.
'Lagta hai' means 'feels' or 'seems'.
उनके साथ समय बिताना सुखद अनुभव था।
Spending time with them was a pleasant experience.
Complex subject (spending time).
गाँव की शांति बहुत सुखद लगती है।
The peace of the village feels very pleasant.
'Shanti' is feminine, but 'sukhad' is unchanged.
नतीजे उम्मीद से अधिक सुखद रहे।
The results were more pleasant than expected.
Comparative context.
यह एक सुखद संयोग है कि हम यहाँ मिले।
It is a pleasant coincidence that we met here.
'Sanyog' means coincidence.
ठंडी हवा का झोंका सुखद अहसास देता है।
A gust of cold air gives a pleasant feeling.
Subject-Object-Verb.
उसकी आवाज़ में एक सुखद मिठास है।
There is a pleasant sweetness in her voice.
Describing an abstract quality.
यह होटल रुकने के लिए सुखद जगह है।
This hotel is a pleasant place to stay.
Infinitive phrase + noun.
बचपन की यादें हमेशा सुखद नहीं होतीं।
Childhood memories are not always pleasant.
Negative sentence.
प्रकृति के बीच रहना एक सुखद अनुभूति है।
Living amidst nature is a pleasant realization/experience.
'Anubhuti' is a formal word for experience.
दोनों देशों के बीच सुखद संबंध बन रहे हैं।
Pleasant relations are developing between the two countries.
Political/Formal context.
लेखक ने सुखद भविष्य की कल्पना की है।
The author has imagined a pleasant future.
Literary analysis.
बारिश की बूंदों की आवाज़ सुखद संगीत जैसी है।
The sound of raindrops is like pleasant music.
Simile usage.
यह सुखद बदलाव समाज के लिए अच्छा है।
This pleasant change is good for society.
Social commentary.
संग्रहालय का दौरा काफी सुखद रहा।
The visit to the museum was quite pleasant.
Formal outing.
उनके व्यवहार में सुखद शालीनता थी।
There was a pleasant grace in his behavior.
Describing character traits.
सफलता का स्वाद हमेशा सुखद होता है।
The taste of success is always pleasant.
Metaphorical usage.
इस उपन्यास का सुखद अंत पाठक को संतुष्ट करता है।
The pleasant ending of this novel satisfies the reader.
Literary critique.
विवाद का सुखद समाधान मिल गया है।
A pleasant resolution to the dispute has been found.
Professional/Conflict resolution.
शास्त्रीय संगीत की सुखद लहरें मन को शांति देती हैं।
The pleasant waves of classical music give peace to the mind.
Artistic description.
यह एक सुखद विडंबना है कि वह अब मेरा मित्र है।
It is a pleasant irony that he is now my friend.
Complex emotional state.
उनकी कविताएँ सुखद स्मृतियों को जगाती हैं।
Their poems awaken pleasant memories.
Causative context.
वातावरण में एक सुखद उत्साह महसूस किया जा सकता था।
A pleasant excitement could be felt in the atmosphere.
Passive construction.
नए नियमों का सुखद प्रभाव दिखने लगा है।
The pleasant effect of the new rules has started to appear.
Policy analysis.
उसका सुखद व्यक्तित्व सबको प्रभावित करता है।
His pleasant personality influences everyone.
Character description.
आध्यात्मिक मार्ग पर सुखद अनुभूतियाँ निरंतर होती हैं।
On the spiritual path, pleasant realizations occur continuously.
Philosophical context.
सभ्यता का सुखद विकास कला और विज्ञान के मेल से होता है।
The pleasant development of civilization happens through the union of art and science.
Sociological discourse.
यह सुखद संयोग मात्र नहीं, बल्कि नियति का खेल है।
This is not just a pleasant coincidence, but a play of destiny.
Metaphysical assertion.
प्राचीन ग्रंथों में सुखद जीवन के कई मार्ग बताए गए हैं।
Many paths to a pleasant life are described in ancient texts.
Historical/Scriptural reference.
विचारों का सुखद आदान-प्रदान ही लोकतंत्र की शक्ति है।
The pleasant exchange of ideas is the strength of democracy.
Political philosophy.
प्रकृति के सुखद सान्निध्य में ही वास्तविक शांति है।
Real peace is only in the pleasant proximity of nature.
Formal/Poetic vocabulary ('Sannidhya').
स्मृति के गलियारों में सुखद क्षणों की गूँज हमेशा रहती है।
The echo of pleasant moments always remains in the corridors of memory.
High literary metaphor.
वैश्विक शांति एक सुखद स्वप्न की भाँति प्रतीत होती है।
Global peace appears like a pleasant dream.
International relations/Abstract.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— To have a pleasant feeling. Used when something makes you feel comfortable.
गर्मियों में ठंडे पानी से नहाना एक सुखद अहसास देता है।
— To have a pleasant/peaceful sleep. Used after a tiring day.
काम के बाद मुझे सुखद नींद आई।
— A pleasant change. Used for positive shifts in situation or weather.
शहर की सफाई में सुखद बदलाव आया है।
— A pleasant coincidence. Used when something good happens by chance.
पुराने दोस्त से मिलना एक सुखद संयोग था।
— A pleasant realization or feeling. Very formal.
ईश्वर की भक्ति में सुखद अनुभूति होती है।
Often Confused With
Sukh is a noun (Happiness). Sukhad is an adjective (Pleasant).
Suhaavana is specifically for weather. Sukhad is broader.
Sukhad is more about the quality of an experience; Sukhdayak is about the long-term utility or comfort of a thing.
Idioms & Expressions
— To see a pleasant dream; can also mean to have hopeful but perhaps unrealistic expectations.
वह एक सुखद स्वप्न देख रहा था जब अलार्म बजा।
Neutral— To have a happy ending. Often used for stories or life events.
संघर्ष के बाद कहानी का सुखद अंत हुआ।
Neutral— Foundation of a pleasant future. Used in motivational contexts.
आज की मेहनत सुखद भविष्य की नींव है।
Formal— To be lost in pleasant memories.
वह पुरानी सुखद स्मृतियों में खो गया।
Literary— A wave of pleasant surprise.
जीत की खबर से पूरे देश में सुखद आश्चर्य की लहर दौड़ गई।
Journalistic— A cool breeze of pleasant feeling (metaphorical for relief).
उसकी बातों ने सुखद अहसास की ठंडी बयार जैसा काम किया।
Poetic— The mantra for a pleasant life.
संतोष ही सुखद जीवन का मंत्र है।
Philosophical— Pleasant sunshine (usually in winter).
सर्दियों की सुखद धूप सबको अच्छी लगती है।
NeutralEasily Confused
Sounds like 'Sukh'
Sukhad is the adjective form.
Sukh (Happiness) vs Sukhad mausam (Pleasant weather).
Similar spelling
Sukhda is often a proper name or a feminine form of 'giver of joy'.
Sukhda is a person's name.
Opposite meaning
Dukhad means sad or painful.
Dukhad samachar (Sad news).
Both relate to Sukh
Sukhi describes a person (a happy person). Sukhad describes a thing/experience.
Main sukhi hoon (I am happy) vs Din sukhad hai (The day is pleasant).
Both are positive
Sundar is visual beauty. Sukhad is internal feeling/pleasantness.
Sundar phool (Beautiful flower) vs Sukhad ehsaas (Pleasant feeling).
Sentence Patterns
यह [Noun] सुखद है।
यह दिन सुखद है।
[Noun] बहुत सुखद था/थी।
यात्रा बहुत सुखद थी।
मुझे [Noun] सुखद लगा।
मुझे उसका व्यवहार सुखद लगा।
[Gerund] एक सुखद अनुभव है।
वहाँ जाना एक सुखद अनुभव है।
[Abstract Noun] की सुखद अनुभूति होना।
शांति की सुखद अनुभूति हुई।
यद्यपि [Condition], फिर भी यह सुखद है।
यद्यपि वह थक गया था, फिर भी यात्रा सुखद रही।
सुखद [Noun] की कामना करना।
मैं आपके सुखद भविष्य की कामना करता हूँ।
कितना सुखद [Noun] है!
कितना सुखद आश्चर्य है!
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Common in formal speech, media, and literature; moderate in casual slang.
-
सुखदी यात्रा
→
सुखद यात्रा
'Sukhad' does not change gender. Never add an 'i' at the end.
-
वह आदमी सुखद है
→
वह आदमी खुश-मिज़ाज है
Don't use 'Sukhad' to describe a person's personality; use it for experiences.
-
मौसम सुख है
→
मौसम सुखद है
Don't use the noun 'Sukh' (Happiness) as an adjective. Use 'Sukhad'.
-
सुखद खाना
→
स्वादिष्ट खाना
While 'Sukhad' is positive, 'Swadist' (tasty) is the correct word for food flavor.
-
सुखद नींद लेना
→
सुखद नींद आना
In Hindi, sleep 'comes' (aana) rather than being 'taken' (lena) in this context.
Tips
No Gender Agreement
Don't change 'Sukhad' to 'Sukhad-i'. It's invariant! This is a great shortcut for learners.
Upgrade from Achha
Use 'Sukhad' when you want to sound more sophisticated than just saying 'Achha'.
Polite Greetings
Always use 'Sukhad yatra' when wishing someone a good trip. It's the standard polite form.
Train Announcements
Next time you are at a station in India, listen for this word. It's used in every 'Happy Journey' wish.
Formal Emails
End your professional feedback with 'Aapke saath kaam karna sukhad raha' to leave a positive impression.
Sukh + Da
Remember the root: Sukh (Happiness) + Da (Giver). It's a happiness-giver!
Aspirated KH
Make sure to breathe out when saying the 'kh' in Sukhad. It shouldn't sound like 'Sukad'.
Holistic Well-being
In India, 'Sukh' is about peace. Use 'Sukhad' for things that bring calm, not just excitement.
Weather Specifics
While 'Suhaavana' is for weather, 'Sukhad' works too and sounds a bit more literary.
Surprises
The fixed phrase for a 'pleasant surprise' is 'Sukhad ashcharya'. Memorize this as a single unit.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'Sukh' as 'Super-Kind' and 'ad' as 'Added'. Something 'Sukhad' is when 'Super-Kindness' is 'Added' to your day, making it pleasant.
Visual Association
Imagine a person sitting under a tree with a cool breeze and a smile. That feeling of comfort is 'Sukhad'.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to use 'Sukhad' at least three times today: once for the weather, once for a piece of news, and once to wish someone a good journey.
Word Origin
Derived from the Sanskrit word 'Sukhada'. It is a compound of 'Sukha' (pleasure/ease) and 'Da' (giving). The root 'Sukha' originally referred to a 'good axle hole' in a chariot, implying smooth movement and lack of friction.
Original meaning: Giving ease or providing a smooth experience.
Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)Cultural Context
There are no major sensitivities. It is a universally positive and safe word.
In English, 'pleasant' can sometimes sound weak or lukewarm (e.g., 'the food was pleasant'). In Hindi, 'Sukhad' is more robust and always positive.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Weather
- सुखद हवा
- सुखद धूप
- सुखद शाम
- सुखद सुबह
Travel
- सुखद यात्रा
- सुखद सफर
- सुखद प्रवास
- सुखद अनुभव
News
- सुखद समाचार
- सुखद खबर
- सुखद सूचना
- सुखद परिणाम
Social
- सुखद मुलाकात
- सुखद बातचीत
- सुखद मिलन
- सुखद समय
Emotions
- सुखद आश्चर्य
- सुखद अहसास
- सुखद स्मृति
- सुखद अहसास
Conversation Starters
"क्या आपको आज का मौसम सुखद लग रहा है?"
"आपकी पिछली यात्रा कैसी रही? क्या वह सुखद थी?"
"हाल ही में आपको कौन सा सुखद समाचार मिला?"
"क्या आपको पुरानी यादें सुखद लगती हैं?"
"आपके लिए एक सुखद शाम का क्या मतलब है?"
Journal Prompts
आज के अपने सबसे सुखद अनुभव के बारे में लिखें।
बचपन की किसी सुखद स्मृति का वर्णन करें।
आपके जीवन में आए किसी सुखद आश्चर्य के बारे में विस्तार से लिखें।
एक सुखद दुनिया की आपकी कल्पना क्या है?
क्या सुखद समाचार सुनने से आपका पूरा दिन बदल जाता है? क्यों?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsIt is better not to. Use 'Khush-mizaj' (happy-natured) or 'Milansar' (friendly) instead. 'Sukhad' is for experiences and things.
It is an invariant adjective. It stays the same for both masculine and feminine nouns. Example: 'Sukhad yatra' (fem) and 'Sukhad samachar' (masc).
'Achha' is a generic word for 'good'. 'Sukhad' specifically means 'pleasant' and sounds more formal and descriptive.
Usually, we use 'Swadist' for food. But you can say 'Sukhad anubhav' to describe the whole experience of a meal.
Yes, it is often used in romantic or soulful songs to describe feelings and nature.
You say 'Aapki yatra sukhad ho' (May your journey be pleasant).
The direct opposite is 'Dukhad' (sad/unpleasant).
Yes, it has Sanskrit roots but is very commonly used in modern Hindi.
Yes, 'Sukhad khushbu' means a pleasant fragrance.
It is 'Sukhad' (सुखद), with a short 'a' sound after the 'kh'.
Test Yourself 200 questions
Write a sentence wishing someone a pleasant journey.
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Describe today's weather using 'sukhad'.
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Translate: 'I received pleasant news.'
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Write about a pleasant memory from your childhood.
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Use 'sukhad anubhav' in a sentence about a trip.
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Translate: 'It was a pleasant surprise to meet you.'
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Write a formal sentence about working with someone.
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Describe the ending of a book you liked using 'sukhad'.
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Translate: 'May your future be pleasant.'
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Use 'sukhad ehsaas' in a sentence about the wind.
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Write a sentence about a pleasant coincidence.
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Describe a village atmosphere using 'sukhad'.
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Translate: 'The results were pleasant.'
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Use 'sukhad' in a sentence about music.
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Write a sentence about a pleasant meeting.
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Translate: 'The change in the city is pleasant.'
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Use 'sukhad' and 'shanti' in one sentence.
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Write a sentence about a pleasant dream.
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Translate: 'This is a pleasant realization.'
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Use 'sukhad' in a sentence about winter sunshine.
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Say 'Pleasant Journey' in Hindi.
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Say 'Today is a pleasant day' in Hindi.
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Say 'Pleasant news' in Hindi.
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Say 'I feel pleasant' in Hindi.
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Pronounce 'Sukhad' correctly with aspiration.
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Say 'Pleasant surprise' in Hindi.
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Say 'The weather is pleasant' in Hindi.
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Say 'Pleasant experience' in Hindi.
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Say 'Pleasant memory' in Hindi.
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Say 'Happy ending' in Hindi.
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Say 'Pleasant feeling' in Hindi.
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Say 'Pleasant coincidence' in Hindi.
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Say 'Pleasant future' in Hindi.
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Say 'Pleasant atmosphere' in Hindi.
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Say 'Working with you was pleasant' in Hindi.
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Say 'The results are pleasant' in Hindi.
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Say 'Pleasant change' in Hindi.
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Say 'Pleasant conversation' in Hindi.
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Say 'Pleasant meeting' in Hindi.
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Say 'How pleasant!' in Hindi.
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Identify the word: 'Aapki yatra ___ ho.'
Identify the word: 'Aaj ka mausam ___ hai.'
Identify the word: 'Yeh ek ___ samachar hai.'
Identify the word: 'Muje ___ ashcharya hua.'
Identify the word: 'Film ka ___ sukhad tha.'
Identify the word: 'Bachpan ki ___ yaadein.'
Identify the word: 'Sangeet bahut ___ hai.'
Identify the word: 'Yeh ek ___ anubhav tha.'
Identify the word: 'Hawa ka ___ ehsaas.'
Identify the word: 'Humare sambandh ___ hain.'
Identify the word: '___ parinam mile.'
Identify the word: '___ sanyog tha.'
Identify the word: 'Rat ki neend ___ thi.'
Identify the word: 'Shanti ka anubhav ___ hai.'
Identify the word: '___ mulaqat rahi.'
/ 200 correct
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Summary
The word 'Sukhad' (सुखद) is your go-to adjective for describing anything that feels good or brings satisfaction. Use it in phrases like 'Sukhad Yatra' (Pleasant Journey) or 'Sukhad Samachar' (Pleasant News) to sound more refined and polite in Hindi. Example: 'Aaj ka mausam sukhad hai' (Today's weather is pleasant).
- Sukhad is a Hindi adjective meaning 'pleasant' or 'happiness-giving'.
- It is used for weather, news, experiences, and atmosphere.
- It is an invariant adjective that does not change for gender or number.
- It is a formal and polite word, commonly used in travel greetings.
No Gender Agreement
Don't change 'Sukhad' to 'Sukhad-i'. It's invariant! This is a great shortcut for learners.
Upgrade from Achha
Use 'Sukhad' when you want to sound more sophisticated than just saying 'Achha'.
Polite Greetings
Always use 'Sukhad yatra' when wishing someone a good trip. It's the standard polite form.
Train Announcements
Next time you are at a station in India, listen for this word. It's used in every 'Happy Journey' wish.
Example
हमने एक सुखद यात्रा की।
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