A1 Plurals 1 min read 简单

Linking Vowels for Plurals

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To make a noun plural in Hungarian, add '-k' or a linking vowel plus '-k' based on the word's last vowel.

  • If the word ends in a vowel, it often lengthens before adding -k (e.g., 'hajó' -> 'hajók').
  • If the word ends in a consonant, use a linking vowel (a/e/o/ö) to connect to -k (e.g., 'ház' -> 'házak').
  • Always check the back/front vowel harmony of the root word to choose the correct linking vowel.
Noun + (Linking Vowel) + k = Plural Noun

Plural Suffixation Rules

Noun Type Suffix Example Plural
Back Vowel (Consonant)
-ak
ház
házak
Front Vowel (Consonant)
-ek
kert
kertek
Vowel Ending
-k
autó
autók
Vowel Ending
-k
fa
fák
Back Vowel (Consonant)
-ak
ablak
ablakok
Front Vowel (Consonant)
-ek
könyv
könyvek

Meanings

The plural suffix '-k' is used to indicate more than one of an object. Because Hungarian is an agglutinative language, we use linking vowels to make the word easier to pronounce.

1

Standard Plural

Indicates multiple items of a noun.

“Az almák pirosak.”

“A fiúk játszanak.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Linking Vowels for Plurals
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun + Suffix
A házak nagyok.
Negative
Nem + Noun + Suffix
A házak nem nagyok.
Question
Noun + Suffix + -e?
A házak nagyok-e?
Short Answer
Igen/Nem
Igen, a házak nagyok.
Plural with Number
Number + Singular Noun
Két ház.
Possessive Plural
Noun + Possessive + k
A házaim.

正式程度

正式
A házak nagyok.

A házak nagyok. (Describing property)

中性
A házak nagyok.

A házak nagyok. (Describing property)

非正式
A házak nagyok.

A házak nagyok. (Describing property)

俚语
A házak óriásiak.

A házak óriásiak. (Describing property)

Vowel Harmony Map

Plural Suffix

Back Vowels

  • a, o, u Back vowels

Front Vowels

  • e, i, ö, ü Front vowels

按水平分级的例句

1

A házak nagyok.

The houses are big.

2

A fiúk játszanak.

The boys are playing.

3

Az almák finomak.

The apples are delicious.

4

A könyvek az asztalon vannak.

The books are on the table.

1

Sok autók vannak az utcán.

There are many cars on the street.

2

A tanárok kedvesek.

The teachers are kind.

3

A kutyák ugatnak.

The dogs are barking.

4

A lányok tanulnak.

The girls are studying.

1

A barátaimmal megyek.

I am going with my friends.

2

A feladatok nehezek.

The tasks are difficult.

3

A virágok szépek.

The flowers are beautiful.

4

A székek kényelmetlenek.

The chairs are uncomfortable.

1

A problémák megoldódnak.

The problems are being solved.

2

A lehetőségek korlátozottak.

The opportunities are limited.

3

A döntések fontosak.

The decisions are important.

4

A változások elkerülhetetlenek.

The changes are inevitable.

1

A koncepciók absztraktak.

The concepts are abstract.

2

A perspektívák eltérőek.

The perspectives are different.

3

A mechanizmusok bonyolultak.

The mechanisms are complex.

4

A tendenciák aggasztóak.

The tendencies are worrying.

1

A dialektusok gazdagok.

The dialects are rich.

2

A metaforák kifejezőek.

The metaphors are expressive.

3

A paradigmák változnak.

The paradigms are changing.

4

A szinonimák árnyaltak.

The synonyms are nuanced.

容易混淆

Linking Vowels for Plurals 对比 Plural vs. Numbered Noun

Learners add -k even when a number is present.

Linking Vowels for Plurals 对比 Vowel Harmony Suffixes

Mixing up -ak and -ek.

Linking Vowels for Plurals 对比 Possessive Plural

Mixing up plural and possessive markers.

常见错误

✗

házek

✓

házak

Wrong vowel harmony for a back-vowel word.
✗

autóak

✓

autók

Adding a linking vowel to a vowel-ending word.
✗

kertak

✓

kertek

Wrong vowel harmony for a front-vowel word.
✗

almákak

✓

almák

Double pluralizing.
✗

könyvák

✓

könyvek

Harmony error.
✗

fákak

✓

fák

Redundant suffixing.
✗

székak

✓

székek

Harmony error.
✗

két házak

✓

két ház

Using plural suffix after a number.
✗

sok autók

✓

sok autó

Using plural suffix after quantifiers.
✗

barátok

✓

barátok

Actually correct, but often confused with 'barátek'.
✗

paradigmákak

✓

paradigmák

Over-suffixing.
✗

metaforákek

✓

metaforák

Harmony error.
✗

szinonimákek

✓

szinonimák

Harmony error.

句型

A ___ nagyok.

Sok ___ van itt.

A ___ nem szépek.

Melyek a ___?

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Hol vannak a srácok?

Social Media very common

#barátok #nyaralás

Job Interview common

Milyen feladatok várnak?

Ordering Food common

Két kávét kérek.

Travel common

Hol vannak a vonatok?

Delivery Apps common

A rendelések úton vannak.

💡

Listen to the Vowels

If you are unsure, say the word out loud. Your mouth will naturally want to use the harmonious vowel.
⚠️

Don't Double Pluralize

If you have a number, do not add the -k suffix. It is redundant.
🎯

Focus on the Last Vowel

The entire harmony of the word depends on the last vowel of the root.
💬

Use Plurals Naturally

Don't overthink it. Even if you make a mistake, Hungarians will understand you perfectly.

Smart Tips

Check the last vowel immediately to know which suffix to use.

ház → házak

Stop yourself from adding -k if a number is present.

két házak → két ház

Say it out loud; your ears will tell you if it's harmonious.

házek → házak

Double-check the harmony of every plural word.

dokumentumek → dokumentumok

发音

fa -> fák

Vowel Lengthening

Final vowels often lengthen before -k.

Statement

A házak nagyok. ↘

Falling intonation for declarative sentences.

记住它

记忆技巧

Back vowels like 'a' bring 'ak', front vowels like 'e' bring 'ek'.

视觉联想

Imagine a house (ház) with many 'a' shaped windows, so it needs 'ak' to hold them all. Imagine a garden (kert) with 'e' shaped flowers, needing 'ek' to bloom.

Rhyme

Back is 'ak', front is 'ek', keep the harmony in check!

Story

A little boy named 'Ház' wanted to invite his friends. He looked at his name, saw the 'a', and knew he needed 'ak' to make 'Házak'. He invited his friend 'Kert', who saw the 'e' and knew he needed 'ek' to make 'Kertek'. They all met at the park and played together.

Word Web

házakkertekautókfákkönyvekalmák

挑战

Look around your room and write down 5 objects in their plural form in 5 minutes.

文化笔记

Younger generations often use slang for plural nouns, but the grammar remains the same.

Some dialects have different vowel harmony rules for specific words.

Strict adherence to vowel harmony is expected in formal writing.

The plural suffix '-k' is of Finno-Ugric origin, common to many Uralic languages.

对话开场白

“

Mik vannak az asztalon?

“

Kik a barátaid?

“

Milyen feladatok várnak rád?

“

Melyek a legfontosabb döntések?

日记主题

List 5 things in your room.
Describe your friends.
What are your daily tasks?
Discuss current trends.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct plural suffix.

A ház___ nagyok.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ak
Ház is a back-vowel word.
Choose the correct plural form. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kertek
Kert is a front-vowel word.
Correct the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Két házak.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Két ház
No plural after numbers.
Make the sentence plural. Sentence Transformation

A ház nagy.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A házak nagyok.
Both noun and adjective must be plural.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Hol vannak a könyv___? B: Itt vannak.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ek
Könyv is a front-vowel word.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

A / nagyok / házak.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A házak nagyok.
Correct word order.
Sort into back or front. Grammar Sorting

Sort 'ház' and 'kert'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Back, Front
Ház is back, Kert is front.
Match singular to plural. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: házak, kertek, autók
Correct suffixes.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the correct plural suffix.

A ház___ nagyok.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ak
Ház is a back-vowel word.
Choose the correct plural form. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kertek
Kert is a front-vowel word.
Correct the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Két házak.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Két ház
No plural after numbers.
Make the sentence plural. Sentence Transformation

A ház nagy.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A házak nagyok.
Both noun and adjective must be plural.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Hol vannak a könyv___? B: Itt vannak.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ek
Könyv is a front-vowel word.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

A / nagyok / házak.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A házak nagyok.
Correct word order.
Sort into back or front. Grammar Sorting

Sort 'ház' and 'kert'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Back, Front
Ház is back, Kert is front.
Match singular to plural. Match Pairs

Match: ház, kert, autó.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: házak, kertek, autók
Correct suffixes.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

It depends on vowel harmony. Back vowels take -ak, front vowels take -ek.

Yes, but you need a linking vowel if the word ends in a consonant.

Usually, you just add -k, but sometimes the vowel lengthens.

No, in Hungarian, you use the singular form after a number.

Mostly, yes. Vowel harmony is very consistent.

Loanwords usually follow the harmony of their last vowel.

Look at the vowels in the word. If they are a, o, u, it's back. If e, i, ö, ü, it's front.

Very few. Most nouns follow these rules perfectly.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish low

-s/-es

Hungarian uses vowel harmony; Spanish does not.

French low

-s

Hungarian markers are phonetic; French markers are often orthographic.

German low

-e/-er/-en

Hungarian is consistent; German is irregular.

Japanese low

-tachi

Hungarian is agglutinative; Japanese is isolating/agglutinative.

Arabic low

Broken plurals

Hungarian is suffix-based; Arabic is root-based.

Chinese low

men

Hungarian is universal; Chinese is limited.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
The Plural Suffix -k
Next
Irregular Plural Stems (Stem Shortening)

Related Grammar Rules

A1

Irregular Plural Stems (Stem Shortening)
A1

The Plural Suffix -k
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