A1 Verb Conjugation 1 min read かんたん

Present Tense Indefinite Conjugation

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Hungarian verbs change their endings based on the subject, and the indefinite conjugation is used when there is no specific object.

  • Use indefinite endings when the object is general or missing (e.g., 'Olvasok' - I am reading).
  • Endings depend on vowel harmony (front vs. back vowels) and the person (I, you, he/she).
  • The third-person singular (ő) has no suffix; it is just the verb stem.
Subject (optional) + Verb Stem + Indefinite Suffix

Indefinite Conjugation Suffixes

Person Suffix (Back Vowel) Suffix (Front Vowel)
I (Én)
-ok
-ek/-ök
You (Te)
-sz
-sz
He/She/It (Ő)
-
-
We (Mi)
-unk
-ünk
You pl. (Ti)
-tok
-tek/-tök
They (Ők)
-nak
-nek

Meanings

The indefinite conjugation is used when the verb does not have a specific, definite direct object. It is the default conjugation for intransitive verbs and transitive verbs with general objects.

1

Intransitive action

Actions that do not take a direct object.

“Sétálok a parkban.”

“Fekszem az ágyon.”

2

General object

Actions where the object is not specific or defined.

“Eszem egy almát.”

“Olvasok egy könyvet.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Present Tense Indefinite Conjugation
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Stem + Suffix
Olvasok
Negative
Nem + Stem + Suffix
Nem olvasok
Question
Stem + Suffix + ?
Olvasol?
1st Person
Stem + -ok/-ek
Írok
2nd Person
Stem + -sz
Írsz
3rd Person
Stem
Ír

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
Étkezem.

Étkezem. (Eating)

ニュートラル
Eszem.

Eszem. (Eating)

カジュアル
Eszek.

Eszek. (Eating)

スラング
Zabálok.

Zabálok. (Eating)

Indefinite Conjugation Usage

Indefinite Conjugation

Objects

  • egy alma an apple

Intransitive

  • sétál walk

レベル別の例文

1

Olvasok.

I read.

2

Eszem egy almát.

I am eating an apple.

3

Sétálsz a parkban.

You are walking in the park.

4

Ő alszik.

He/she is sleeping.

1

Dolgozom egy irodában.

I work in an office.

2

Írsz egy levelet?

Are you writing a letter?

3

Szeretünk zenét hallgatni.

We like to listen to music.

4

Nem iszom kávét.

I don't drink coffee.

1

Gyakran nézek filmet este.

I often watch a movie in the evening.

2

Valamit keresek a táskámban.

I am looking for something in my bag.

3

Sokat utazunk vonattal.

We travel a lot by train.

4

Tanulnak magyarul az iskolában.

They are learning Hungarian at school.

1

Szeretnék venni egy új autót.

I would like to buy a new car.

2

Mindenki vár egy jobb jövőre.

Everyone is waiting for a better future.

3

Sok ember beszél angolul itt.

Many people speak English here.

4

Nem találok megfelelő szavakat.

I cannot find appropriate words.

1

Gyakran olvasok klasszikus irodalmat.

I often read classical literature.

2

Egyre többen költöznek külföldre.

More and more people are moving abroad.

3

Soha nem gondoltam volna erre.

I would have never thought of this.

4

Sokszor érzek honvágyat.

I often feel homesick.

1

Számos kutató vizsgál egy új elméletet.

Numerous researchers are investigating a new theory.

2

Az ember gyakran keres értelmet az életben.

One often seeks meaning in life.

3

Sokféle vélemény létezik ebben a kérdésben.

Many types of opinions exist on this issue.

4

Szeretnék megosztani egy gondolatot.

I would like to share a thought.

間違えやすい

Present Tense Indefinite Conjugation 対 Definite Conjugation

Learners often use definite when they should use indefinite.

Present Tense Indefinite Conjugation 対 Past Tense

Suffixes are completely different.

Present Tense Indefinite Conjugation 対 Imperative

Suffixes look similar but function differently.

よくある間違い

✗

Olvasom egy könyvet

✓

Olvasok egy könyvet

Indefinite object requires indefinite conjugation.
✗

Eszek

✓

Eszem

Irregular verb form.
✗

Ő olvasok

✓

Ő olvas

Wrong suffix for 3rd person.
✗

Nem olvas

✓

Nem olvasok

Missing subject pronoun/suffix.
✗

Sétálok a parkot

✓

Sétálok a parkban

Intransitive verbs don't take direct objects.
✗

Írok a levelet

✓

Írok egy levelet

Definite article usage error.
✗

Tanulnak magyar

✓

Tanulnak magyarul

Adverbial form needed.
✗

Szeretem olvasni könyveket

✓

Szeretek könyveket olvasni

Indefinite conjugation for general plural.
✗

Várom egy busz

✓

Várok egy buszra

Wrong case for verb.
✗

Nézek a filmet

✓

Nézek filmet

Unnecessary article.
✗

Gondolom ezt

✓

Gondolom ezt

Actually correct, but often confused with indefinite.
✗

Érzek honvágyat

✓

Érzek honvágyat

Correct, but often over-thought.
✗

Vizsgálom elméletet

✓

Vizsgálok egy elméletet

Definite vs indefinite.

文型パターン

Én ___ (verb) ___ (object).

Te ___ (verb) ___ (place).

Mi ___ (verb) ___ (adverb).

Ők ___ (verb) ___ (time).

Real World Usage

Ordering food constant

Kérek egy kávét.

Texting constant

Dolgozom.

Job interview very common

Programozom.

Travel common

Utazom vonattal.

Social media common

Nézek egy filmet.

Food delivery app common

Rendelnék egy pizzát.

💡

Check the object

Always ask: is this a specific object or a general one?
⚠️

Vowel harmony

Don't forget to match the suffix to the stem's vowels.
🎯

Third person

The third person is the easiest—it's just the stem!
💬

Be natural

Don't overthink it; with practice, it becomes automatic.

Smart Tips

Check if it's 'a' or 'the'.

Olvasom egy könyvet. → Olvasok egy könyvet.

Identify the subject.

Olvasok könyvet. → Én olvasok könyvet.

Add 'nem' first.

Olvasok nem. → Nem olvasok.

Use rising intonation.

Olvasol. → Olvasol?

発音

o/a -> ok, e/ö -> ek

Vowel Harmony

Suffixes change based on the last vowel of the stem.

Question

Olvasol? ↑

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Remember: 'Indefinite is for the general, Specific is for the definite.'

視覚的連想

Imagine a bucket. If you put 'an' apple in it, it's just one of many (Indefinite). If you put 'the' apple in it, it's the only one that matters (Definite).

Rhyme

For general things, use the simple end, for specific things, the definite friend.

Story

I walk into a shop. I want 'a' bread (indefinite). I see 'the' bread I want (definite). I buy the bread.

Word Web

olvasokeszekdolgozomíroknézektanulok

チャレンジ

Write 5 sentences about things you do generally every day.

文化メモ

People often use more informal verb forms in daily life.

More traditional forms are preserved.

Slang is very common.

The indefinite conjugation is an ancient Uralic feature.

会話のきっかけ

“

Mit csinálsz?

“

Olvasol könyveket?

“

Dolgozol most?

“

Szeretsz utazni?

日記のテーマ

Írj a napodról!
Mit szeretsz csinálni?
Milyen könyveket olvasol?
Miért tanulsz magyarul?

よくある間違い

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Incorrect

正解

Test Yourself

Conjugate the verb 'olvas' (I read).

Én ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: olvasok
First person singular suffix is -ok.
Which is correct? 選択問題

Te ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: olvasol
Second person singular suffix is -sz.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ő olvasok.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ő olvas
Third person singular has no suffix.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

én / eszik / alma

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eszem egy almát
First person singular of 'eszik' is 'eszem'.
Conjugate 'dolgozik' (We work). Conjugation Drill

Mi ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dolgozunk
First person plural suffix is -unk.
Match the person to the suffix. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -ok
First person singular suffix is -ok.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Mit csinálsz? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Olvasok
Answering 'I' requires first person.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Olvasok.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nem olvasok
Add 'nem' before the verb.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Conjugate the verb 'olvas' (I read).

Én ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: olvasok
First person singular suffix is -ok.
Which is correct? 選択問題

Te ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: olvasol
Second person singular suffix is -sz.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ő olvasok.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ő olvas
Third person singular has no suffix.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

én / eszik / alma

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eszem egy almát
First person singular of 'eszik' is 'eszem'.
Conjugate 'dolgozik' (We work). Conjugation Drill

Mi ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dolgozunk
First person plural suffix is -unk.
Match the person to the suffix. Match Pairs

Én - ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: -ok
First person singular suffix is -ok.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Mit csinálsz? B: ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Olvasok
Answering 'I' requires first person.
Change to negative. Sentence Transformation

Olvasok.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nem olvasok
Add 'nem' before the verb.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

It is the default verb form used for general actions.

When the object is not specific.

Add suffixes to the verb stem.

Always use the indefinite conjugation.

No, it's very logical once you learn the suffixes.

It is the base form of the verb.

No, 'the' usually triggers the definite conjugation.

Yes, always.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish low

Direct object pronouns

Verb conjugation vs. pronoun usage.

French low

Direct object pronouns

Verb conjugation vs. pronoun usage.

German low

Accusative case

Case vs. conjugation.

Japanese low

Particle 'o'

Particle vs. conjugation.

Arabic low

Definite article

Article vs. conjugation.

Chinese low

Word order

Word order vs. conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
The '-ik' Verbs (Indefinite)

Related Grammar Rules

A1

The '-ik' Verbs (Indefinite)
A2

Present Tense Definite Conjugation
A2

The '-lak/-lek' Special Conjugation
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