B1 · متوسط فصل 39

Participles: Adjective-Verbs

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of describing actions and states using powerful Armenian participles.

  • Form active and passive participles using suffixes.
  • Transform verbs into descriptive adjectives.
  • Construct complex sentences using compound tenses and adverbial phrases.
Turn verbs into descriptions and unlock fluent storytelling.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Explore present (-ող) and past (-ած) participles and their dual function as verbs and adjectives. This chapter covers participle phrases and their use in compound tenses.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use -ող and -ած to describe ongoing and completed actions.

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

The 'Who' Shortcut

Whenever you want to say 'The person who...', just use the -ող form. It makes you sound like a native speaker instantly.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Participles: -ող (Doing)
🎯

The 'Status' Check

If you can put the word 'currently' in front of the English translation (e.g., 'currently closed'), use -ած.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Participles: -ած (Done)
🎯

The 'Stative' Exception

Remember that for 'standing,' 'sitting,' and 'lying,' Armenian uses the -ած form because it views these as states you have entered.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Using Participles as Adjectives: The running water
💡

Think Adjectives

Always treat these as adjectives. They can be pluralized or made definite just like any other adjective.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participle Phrases: Modifying Nouns

واژگان کلیدی (5)

վազող running կարդացած read (past) երգող singing կորած lost ստացված received

Real-World Preview

camera

Describing a scene

Review Summary

  • Verb stem + ող
  • Verb stem + ած
  • Participle + Auxiliary (եմ/ես...)

اشتباهات رایج

You cannot use the past participle for an ongoing action. Use -ող for active participants.

Wrong: Նա վազած է դպրոց: (He is run to school.)
صحیح: Նա վազող է դպրոցում: (He is the one running at school.)

Don't confuse future intent (-ելու) with past completion (-ած).

Wrong: Սա գրելու նամակն է: (This is the writing letter.)
صحیح: Սա գրված նամակն է: (This is the written letter.)

Ensure the participle matches the tense requirement.

Wrong: Ես կարդացել եմ գիրքը. (I have read the book - omitting the participle form correctly.)
صحیح: Ես կարդացած եմ գիրքը: (I have read the book - formal perfect.)

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job! Keep practicing these forms in your daily writing.

Write a diary entry describing yesterday using at least five -ած verbs.

Continue to: Advanced Use of Postpositions & Prepositions

تمرین سریع (10)

Correct the sentence: 'Այնտեղ կանգնող մարդը եղբայրս է:'

Find and fix the mistake:

Այնտեղ կանգնող մարդը եղբայրս է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: կանգնած
For the state of 'standing,' Armenian uses the -ած form.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Using Participles as Adjectives: The running water

Fix the word order in this negative sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ես գրել չեմ նամակը:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ես չեմ գրել նամակը:
In negative sentences, the auxiliary 'չեմ' must come before the participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participles in Compound Tenses: Perfect, Pluperfect

Find the error: 'Ես ուտած եմ ձու:'

Find and fix the mistake:

Correct the sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ես կերած եմ ձու:
'ուտել' is irregular; its participle is 'կերած'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Participles: -ած (Done)

Fill in the correct auxiliary verb for the Perfect tense.

Ես արդեն կարդացել ___ այս գիրքը:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: եմ
The subject is 'Ես' (I), so the auxiliary must be 'եմ'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participles in Compound Tenses: Perfect, Pluperfect

Which word correctly describes 'a closed window'?

Պատուհանը ___ է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: փակած
'-ats' is used to describe a resultant state.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adverbial Participles: While doing, Having done

Find the mistake: 'Ես տեսնում եմ խոսում մարդուն:'

Find and fix the mistake:

Correct the sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: խոսող
You must use the participle -ող to describe the man, not the present tense.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Participles: -ող (Doing)

Choose the correct participle.

Այս միրգը ___ է։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ուտելի
The fruit is edible.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participle Phrases: Modifying Nouns

Correct the error in this sentence: 'Ես ուտելիս եմ հիմա:'

Find and fix the mistake:

Ես ուտելիս եմ հիմա:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ես ուտում եմ հիմա:
You cannot use -elis as a main conjugated verb; you must use the present continuous.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adverbial Participles: While doing, Having done

Select the correct form for the verb 'կարդալ' (to read).

Գիրք ___ տղան իմ ընկերն է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: կարդացող
-ալ verbs take the -ացող ending.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Participles: -ող (Doing)

Choose the correct participle for 'The broken window.'

___ պատուհանը:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Կոտրված
The window is in a state of being broken, so we use the resultative -ած.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Using Participles as Adjectives: The running water

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

No, -ող is only for the subject (the doer). For the object (the thing being acted upon), use the past participle -ած.
It is neutral and used in all registers, from daily speech to formal literature.
Not directly, but you can say 'փակված կլինի' (it will be closed).
In Eastern Armenian, 'կերել եմ' is 'I have eaten' (action), while 'կերած եմ' is 'I am full/in the state of having eaten'.
Yes, if the object is performing an action, like փայլող աստղ (shining star).
Not always. For some verbs, it describes a state (like քնած - sleeping) rather than a passive action.
فصل قبلی
Reported Speech: Telling What Was Said
فصل بعدی
Advanced Use of Postpositions & Prepositions
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