B1 · 中級 チャプター 39

Participles: Adjective-Verbs

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このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of describing actions and states using powerful Armenian participles.

  • Form active and passive participles using suffixes.
  • Transform verbs into descriptive adjectives.
  • Construct complex sentences using compound tenses and adverbial phrases.
Turn verbs into descriptions and unlock fluent storytelling.

学べること

Explore present (-ող) and past (-ած) participles and their dual function as verbs and adjectives. This chapter covers participle phrases and their use in compound tenses.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use -ող and -ած to describe ongoing and completed actions.

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

The 'Who' Shortcut

Whenever you want to say 'The person who...', just use the -ող form. It makes you sound like a native speaker instantly.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Participles: -ող (Doing)
🎯

The 'Status' Check

If you can put the word 'currently' in front of the English translation (e.g., 'currently closed'), use -ած.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Participles: -ած (Done)
🎯

The 'Stative' Exception

Remember that for 'standing,' 'sitting,' and 'lying,' Armenian uses the -ած form because it views these as states you have entered.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Using Participles as Adjectives: The running water
💡

Think Adjectives

Always treat these as adjectives. They can be pluralized or made definite just like any other adjective.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participle Phrases: Modifying Nouns

重要な語彙 (5)

վազող running կարդացած read (past) երգող singing կորած lost ստացված received

Real-World Preview

camera

Describing a scene

Review Summary

  • Verb stem + ող
  • Verb stem + ած
  • Participle + Auxiliary (եմ/ես...)

よくある間違い

You cannot use the past participle for an ongoing action. Use -ող for active participants.

Wrong: Նա վազած է դպրոց: (He is run to school.)
正解: Նա վազող է դպրոցում: (He is the one running at school.)

Don't confuse future intent (-ելու) with past completion (-ած).

Wrong: Սա գրելու նամակն է: (This is the writing letter.)
正解: Սա գրված նամակն է: (This is the written letter.)

Ensure the participle matches the tense requirement.

Wrong: Ես կարդացել եմ գիրքը. (I have read the book - omitting the participle form correctly.)
正解: Ես կարդացած եմ գիրքը: (I have read the book - formal perfect.)

Next Steps

You have done an amazing job! Keep practicing these forms in your daily writing.

Write a diary entry describing yesterday using at least five -ած verbs.

Continue to: Advanced Use of Postpositions & Prepositions

クイック練習 (10)

Select the correct form for the verb 'կարդալ' (to read).

Գիրք ___ տղան իմ ընկերն է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: կարդացող
-ալ verbs take the -ացող ending.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Participles: -ող (Doing)

Fill in the negative: 'An unread book.'

___ գիրք:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: չկարդացած
The negative prefix 'չ' attaches to the resultative participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Using Participles as Adjectives: The running water

Turn the verb in brackets into the -ող form.

Այդ ___ (երգել) աղջիկը իմ քույրն է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: երգող
We need the subjective participle to describe the girl.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Participles: -ող (Doing)

Fill in the blank with the active participle of 'երգել' (to sing).

Ես լսում եմ ___ թռչունին:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: երգող
The bird is currently performing the action of singing.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Using Participles as Adjectives: The running water

Choose the correct participle.

Նա ___ մարդ է։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: հարգելի
He is a respected person.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participle Phrases: Modifying Nouns

Fill in the correct form of 'կարդալ' (to read) for 'while reading'.

Գիրքը ___, ես շատ բան սովորեցի:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: կարդալիս
We need the simultaneous participle '-elis' for 'while reading'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adverbial Participles: While doing, Having done

Which is the correct form for 'read' (from կարդալ)?

Ես այս գիրքը ___ եմ:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: կարդացած
-ալ verbs require the -աց- bridge.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Past Participles: -ած (Done)

Fill in the blank with the correct participle.

Սա իմ ___ (գրել) նամակն է։

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: գրված
The letter was written by me (passive).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participle Phrases: Modifying Nouns

Find the mistake: 'Ես տեսնում եմ խոսում մարդուն:'

Find and fix the mistake:

Correct the sentence.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: խոսող
You must use the participle -ող to describe the man, not the present tense.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Participles: -ող (Doing)

Which word correctly describes 'a closed window'?

Պատուհանը ___ է:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: փակած
'-ats' is used to describe a resultant state.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adverbial Participles: While doing, Having done

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, -ող is only for the subject (the doer). For the object (the thing being acted upon), use the past participle -ած.
It is neutral and used in all registers, from daily speech to formal literature.
Not directly, but you can say 'փակված կլինի' (it will be closed).
In Eastern Armenian, 'կերել եմ' is 'I have eaten' (action), while 'կերած եմ' is 'I am full/in the state of having eaten'.
Yes, if the object is performing an action, like փայլող աստղ (shining star).
Not always. For some verbs, it describes a state (like քնած - sleeping) rather than a passive action.
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Reported Speech: Telling What Was Said
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Advanced Use of Postpositions & Prepositions
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