Explanation at your level:
Hello! '～半' (han) is a small word you add after telling the hour, like 'one o'clock' or 'two o'clock'. It means 'half past'. So, if it's 1:30, you say 'ichi-ji han'. If it's 2:30, you say 'ni-ji han'. It's super easy! You just need to know the numbers and the word for hour (時, ji). This helps you tell time more exactly. For example, 'san-ji han' means 'half past three'. It's a very useful word for everyday chats!
The suffix '～半' (han) is used in Japanese to specify a time that is exactly thirty minutes past the hour. When you state the hour, like 'go-ji' (five o'clock), you can add 'han' to make it 'go-ji han' (five thirty). This is a fundamental part of telling time accurately in Japanese. You'll use it frequently in daily conversations when arranging meetings, talking about schedules, or simply asking what time it is. Remember the pattern: [Hour] + 時 (ji) + 半 (han).
In Japanese, '～半' (han) serves as a crucial suffix for indicating times that are half past the hour. For instance, to say 'seven thirty', you would combine the hour 'shichi-ji' (7:00) with 'han' to form 'shichi-ji han'. This suffix is essential for precise time communication and is used across various contexts, from casual conversations to more formal schedules. Understanding '～半' allows you to express times like 1:30, 4:30, or 10:30 clearly and naturally. It's a common collocation with hour numbers and the counter '時' (ji).
The Japanese suffix '～半' (han) is a specialized linguistic tool used exclusively for denoting times that are thirty minutes past the hour. Its usage is highly predictable: it follows the hour numeral and the counter '時' (ji). For example, 'roku-ji han' precisely means 6:30. This suffix avoids ambiguity and is standard in both spoken and written Japanese when discussing schedules, appointments, or daily routines. While its semantic range is narrow, its frequency of use in time-related contexts is very high, making it indispensable for fluent communication. Recognizing this pattern is key to understanding Japanese temporal expressions.
The suffix '～半' (han) in Japanese is a dedicated morpheme signifying 'half past' the hour. Its grammatical function is strictly adverbial, modifying the temporal expression. The construction [Hour Counter] + 時 (ji) + 半 (han) is a fixed pattern, yielding precise temporal references such as 'san-ji han' (3:30 PM/AM). While seemingly simple, its consistent application across all hours underscores its importance in the Japanese temporal system. Misunderstanding or omitting 'han' can lead to significant inaccuracies in time communication. Its usage is ubiquitous in daily life, business, and academic settings where punctuality and clarity are paramount.
The morpheme '～半' (han), when appended to an hour designation (e.g., [Number] + 時), functions as a precise temporal marker indicating thirty minutes past the hour. Its etymological roots trace back to the Chinese character '半', signifying division or moiety. In Japanese temporal discourse, 'han' has evolved into a specialized suffix, eschewing broader semantic applications for a singular, highly functional role. This precision is vital in a culture that often emphasizes punctuality. The construction [Hour] + 時 + 半 is a well-established idiomatic temporal phrase, demonstrating how grammatical elements can coalesce to form culturally significant expressions. Its consistent usage across registers highlights its status as a core component of Japanese temporal lexicon.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Suffix '～半' (han) means 'half past' the hour.
- Used exclusively for timekeeping (e.g., 3:30 is 'san-ji han').
- Follows the hour number and the counter '時' (ji).
- Essential for precise and natural time expression in Japanese.
Hey there! Let's dive into the super handy Japanese suffix '～半' (han). You'll hear this all the time when people talk about time, and it's really easy to understand. Think of it as your go-to for saying 'half past' something. For instance, if it's 3:30, you'd say 'san-ji han'. It's like a little time-telling secret weapon in your Japanese vocabulary toolkit!
This suffix is attached directly to the number representing the hour. So, if you know your numbers and the word for 'hour' (時, ji), you're already halfway there! It's a fundamental part of everyday conversation, making it essential for anyone learning Japanese. Don't worry, it's not complicated at all, and you'll be using it like a pro in no time.
The character '半' (han) itself has a long history, originating from ancient Chinese. It originally depicted a knife cutting something in half, visually representing the concept of division or a moiety. Over centuries, it evolved into the character we use today, consistently carrying the meaning of 'half' or 'middle'.
In Japanese, '半' was adopted along with many other Chinese characters and vocabulary. Its usage in timekeeping, specifically for 'half past the hour', became a standard convention. This practical application cemented its place in everyday language. It's a great example of how a simple concept like 'half' can be integrated into specific contexts like telling time, making communication more precise and efficient. It's a testament to the enduring utility of this ancient character.
The suffix '～半' is exclusively used when discussing time. You'll always pair it with a number representing the hour, followed by the counter for hour (時, ji). So, the structure is always [Number] + 時 (ji) + 半 (han).
Common collocations are straightforward: 'ichi-ji han' (1:30), 'ni-ji han' (2:30), 'san-ji han' (3:30), and so on, all the way up to 'juu-ni-ji han' (12:30). It's a very direct and unambiguous way to express these times. You won't typically find it used in other contexts outside of timekeeping, making its usage quite specialized but incredibly frequent within that domain.
In terms of formality, '～半' is neutral and suitable for all situations, from casual chats with friends to more formal announcements. It's just the standard way to say 'half past'.
While '～半' itself is a functional suffix for time, it doesn't typically appear in idiomatic expressions in the same way a standalone word might. Its meaning is very literal and tied directly to timekeeping.
However, we can think about phrases where 'half' plays a role, even if '～半' isn't directly used:
- Half the time: This concept, meaning 'often' or 'frequently', would be expressed differently in Japanese, perhaps using words like 'tabi-tabi' (often) or 'takusan' (many times).
- Half-hearted: If you're doing something without full effort, Japanese might use terms like 'chuu-toハンパ' (chuu-to hanpa), which uses a different kanji for 'half' but conveys a similar sense of incompleteness or lack of full commitment.
- Half and half: For splitting something equally, you might use 'bun' (part) or 'hanbun' (half), like 'hanbun ni suru' (to make it half).
So, while '～半' is specific to time, the idea of 'half' is present in other expressions, though formed with different vocabulary.
Grammatically, '～半' functions purely as a suffix attached to the hour. It doesn't change form (no plural, no conjugation). The structure is fixed: [Hour Number] + 時 (ji) + 半 (han).
Pronunciation:
- IPA (British & American): /hɑːn/
- Description: The 'h' is aspirated like in 'hat'. The 'a' sound is long, similar to the 'a' in 'father'. The 'n' is a standard nasal sound.
- Rhyming words: While 'han' is a common sound, finding perfect rhymes in English that are also common words can be tricky. Words like 'man', 'can', 'plan' share the '-an' sound but differ in the vowel length and quality. In Japanese, it's more about the syllable structure.
- Stress Patterns: In Japanese, pitch accent is more common than stress. For 'san-ji han' (3:30), the emphasis might fall on 'san' or 'ji' depending on the dialect, but 'han' is generally pronounced clearly without heavy stress.
Common Pronunciation Errors: Learners might sometimes shorten the 'a' sound or not aspirate the 'h' clearly. Ensure you make the 'a' sound long and clear, like 'haaaan'.
Fun Fact
The character '半' originally depicted a knife cutting something in two, a very visual representation of 'half'!
Pronunciation Guide
Starts with a clear 'h' sound, followed by a long 'ah' sound like in 'father', ending with 'n'.
Similar to UK, with a clear 'h', a long 'ah' sound, and an 'n'.
Common Errors
- Pronouncing the 'a' too short.
- Not aspirating the 'h' clearly.
- Adding an 'r' sound at the end (common in some learner accents).
Rhymes With
Difficulty Rating
Easy to read once the pattern is known.
Easy to write once the pattern is known.
Easy to say once pronunciation is practiced.
Slightly harder to distinguish from other times if pronunciation is unclear.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Counters for Time
Using 'ji' for hours and 'fun'/'pun' for minutes.
Time Particles
Using 'ni' (に) to mark specific times (e.g., 3:30 ni).
AM/PM Expressions
Using 'gozen' (午前) and 'gogo' (午後) to specify morning/afternoon.
Examples by Level
今、一時半です。
now, one-hour half is
今 (ima) means 'now'.
会議は二時半に始まります。
meeting is two-hour half at start
に (ni) is a particle marking time.
三時半に会いましょう。
three-hour half at meet let's
ましょう (mashou) is 'let's'.
それは四時半に終わります。
that four-hour half at finish
終わります (owarimasu) means 'to finish'.
五時半に食べてください。
five-hour half at eat please
ください (kudasai) means 'please'.
六時半に電話します。
six-hour half at call will do
します (shimasu) means 'will do' or 'make'.
七時半に寝ますか？
seven-hour half at sleep question particle
か (ka) makes it a question.
八時半に起きます。
eight-hour half at wake up
起きます (okimasu) means 'to wake up'.
電車は一時半に出発します。
train is one-hour half at depart
電車 (densha) means 'train'.
映画は二時半から始まります。
movie is two-hour half from start
から (kara) means 'from'.
バスは三時半に着きます。
bus is three-hour half at arrive
着きます (tsukimasu) means 'to arrive'.
パーティーは四時半に終わります。
party is four-hour half at finish
パーティー (paatii) means 'party'.
宿題は五時半までに終わらせます。
homework is five-hour half by finish-will do
までに (made ni) means 'by'.
友達は六時半に来ます。
friend is six-hour half at come
友達 (tomodachi) means 'friend'.
テレビ番組は七時半に始まります。
TV program is seven-hour half at start
テレビ番組 (terebi bangumi) means 'TV program'.
閉館は八時半です。
closing time is eight-hour half is
閉館 (heikan) means 'closing time'.
飛行機は一時半に到着する予定です。
airplane is one-hour half at arrive plan is
到着する (touchaku suru) means 'to arrive'.
会議の開始時刻は二時半に変更されました。
meeting's start time is two-hour half changed was
変更されました (henkou saremashita) means 'was changed'.
診察は三時半からですが、少し早めに来てください。
appointment is three-hour half from but, little early please come
診察 (shinsatsu) means 'medical examination/appointment'.
閉店時間は四時半ですので、お早めにお越しください。
closing time is four-hour half so, early please come
閉店時間 (heiten jikan) means 'closing time'.
授業は五時半に終了します。
class is five-hour half at finish
授業 (jugyou) means 'class/lesson'.
夕食の準備は六時半に始めます。
dinner's preparation is six-hour half at start
夕食 (yuushoku) means 'dinner'.
その番組は七時半から放送されます。
that program is seven-hour half from broadcast will be
放送されます (housou saremasu) means 'will be broadcast'.
閉門は八時半を予定しています。
gate closing is eight-hour half plans
閉門 (heimon) means 'closing the gate'.
午後の会議は一時半開始の予定でしたが、状況により延期されました。
afternoon's meeting is one-hour half start's plan was, situation depending postponed was
延期されました (enki saremashita) means 'was postponed'.
電車の遅延のため、到着時刻が二時半頃になるとのことです。
train's delay because of, arrival time is two-hour half around will become report is
遅延 (chien) means 'delay'.
受付は三時半で終了いたしますが、ご予約があれば多少お待ちできます。
reception is three-hour half at finish will do but, reservation if have somewhat wait can
受付 (uketsuke) means 'reception/inquiry'.
最終上映は四時半開始ですが、チケットは売り切れ次第販売終了となります。
last screening is four-hour half start but, tickets are sold out as soon as sales end will be
売り切れ次第 (uriki re shidai) means 'as soon as sold out'.
閉園時刻は通常五時半ですが、本日は特別に六時まで延長されます。
park closing time is usually five-hour half but, today specially six o'clock until extended will be
閉園時刻 (heien jikan) means 'park closing time'.
夕食の予約は六時半で承っております。
dinner's reservation is six-hour half at accept are doing
承っております (uketamawatte orimasu) is a humble way of saying 'we accept'.
本日の営業は七時半をもちまして終了いたします。
today's business is seven-hour half by finish will do
営業 (eigyou) means 'business/operation'.
閉館時間は八時半ですが、最終入館は八時までとなっております。
building closing time is eight-hour half but, final entry is eight o'clock until is
最終入館 (saishuu nyuukan) means 'final entry'.
当初予定されていた一時半の打ち合わせは、参加者の都合により延期が決定いたしました。
initially planned was one-hour half's meeting is, participants' convenience due to postponement decision was made
打ち合わせ (uchiawase) means 'meeting/briefing'.
悪天候のため、午後のフライトは二時半頃の到着になるとの見通しです。
bad weather because of, afternoon's flight is two-hour half around's arrival will become outlook is
見通し (mitoushi) means 'outlook/prospect'.
受付業務は三時半で一旦終了しますが、緊急連絡には対応可能です。
reception duties are three-hour half at temporarily finish but, emergency contact for対応 (taiou) possible is
一旦 (ittan) means 'temporarily/for the time being'.
最終回の特別上映は四時半開始ですが、チケットの入手は極めて困難と予想されます。
final episode's special screening is four-hour half start but, tickets' acquisition is extremely difficult predicted is
入手 (nyuushu) means 'acquisition/obtaining'.
夏季期間中は閉園時刻が五時半まで延長されておりますが、季節により変動いたします。
summer period during closing time is five-hour half until extended is but, season depending fluctuates
変動いたします (hendou itashimasu) is a humble form of 'will fluctuate'.
ディナーのご予約は、六時半から九時まで承っております。
dinner's reservation is six-hour half from nine until accept are doing
承っております (uketamawatte orimasu) is a polite way to say 'we accept'.
本日の営業時間は七時半までとなっております。ご了承ください。
today's business hours are seven-hour half until is. please understand
ご了承ください (go ryoukashikudasai) means 'please understand/apologize for the inconvenience'.
閉館は八時半ですが、最終入館は八時を過ぎても受け付ける場合があります。
building closing is eight-hour half but, final entry is eight o'clock pass even accept cases may exist
〜場合があります (baai ga arimasu) means 'there are cases where...'.
当初予定されていた一時半からの役員会議は、急遽、前倒しで実施されることになった。
initially planned was one-hour half from executive meeting is, suddenly, brought forward to be implemented decided
役員会議 (yakuin kaigi) means 'board meeting'.
悪天候による遅延のため、当便の到着時刻は二時半頃に繰り下げられる見込みである。
bad weather due to delay because of, this flight's arrival time is two-hour half around postponed expected is
繰り下げられる (kurisagerareru) means 'to be postponed/delayed'.
受付業務は三時半をもって終了するが、緊急時の問い合わせには引き続き対応する体制をとる。
reception duties are three-hour half by finish but, emergency time's inquiries to continuously respond system will take
体制をとる (taisei o toru) means 'to establish a system/structure'.
最終上映の開始時刻は四時半に設定されているが、チケットの入手可能性は極めて低いとみられる。
last screening's start time is four-hour half at set but, ticket's availability is extremely low predicted is
入手可能性 (nyuushu kanousei) means 'availability/possibility of obtaining'.
夏季期間中の閉園時刻は五時半であるが、季節変動を考慮し、今後見直される可能性がある。
summer period during closing time is five-hour half but, seasonal fluctuations considering future reviewed possibility exists
考慮し (kouryo shi) means 'considering'.
ディナーのご予約は、六時半から九時までの時間帯で承っております。
dinner's reservation is six-hour half from nine until time slot at accept are doing
時間帯 (jikantai) means 'time slot/period'.
本日の営業は七時半を以て終了いたします。皆様にはご不便をおかけしますが、何卒ご容赦ください。
today's business is seven-hour half by finish will do. everyone to inconvenience cause but, please forgive
何卒ご容赦ください (nanitozo goyousha kudasai) is a very formal apology.
閉館時刻は八時半であるが、最終入館受付は八時を過ぎても柔軟に対応する方針である。
building closing time is eight-hour half but, final entry reception is eight o'clock pass even flexibly respond policy is
柔軟に対応する (juunan ni taiou suru) means 'to respond flexibly'.
Common Collocations
Easily Confused
Both contain 'han' and mean 'half'.
'Han' is a suffix used *only* for time (:30 past the hour). 'Hanbun' is a standalone word meaning 'half' of something (e.g., half of a pizza, half of the work).
It's 3:30 -> San-ji <strong>han</strong> desu. (It's half past three.) I ate half the cake -> Keeki o <strong>hanbun</strong> tabemashita. (I ate half the cake.)
Both relate to parts of an hour.
'Han' specifically means 30 minutes past the hour. 'Fun'/'pun' is used for *all other* minute counts (e.g., 15 minutes, 10 minutes).
It's 3:30 -> San-ji <strong>han</strong>. It's 3:15 -> San-ji juu<strong>go-fun</strong>.
Sentence Patterns
[Number] + 時 (ji) + 半 (han) + です (desu).
Ima, ni-ji han desu.
[Number] + 時 (ji) + 半 (han) + に (ni) + [Verb].
San-ji han ni aimashou.
[Number] + 時 (ji) + 半 (han) + から (kara) + [Verb].
Go-ji han kara benkyou shimasu.
[Number] + 時 (ji) + 半 (han) + まで (made) + です (desu).
Shimekiri wa ku-ji han made desu.
予定 (yotei) は [Number] + 時 (ji) + 半 (han) + です (desu).
Ashita no yotei wa yo-ji han desu.
Word Family
Related
How to Use It
Formality Scale
Common Mistakes
'Han' specifically means 'half'. For other minutes, you use the number followed by 'fun' or 'pun' (e.g., 1:15 is 'juugo-fun').
'Ji' is the counter for hours. 'Han' attaches to the hour expression, which includes 'ji'.
Other words like 'hanbun' (半分) mean 'half' in a general sense (e.g., half of a cake), but 'han' as a suffix is specific to time.
Tips
Clock Hand Trick
Imagine the big hand on the clock pointing straight down to the '6'. That '6' position represents 'half' of the full circle, so remember 'han' for when the minute hand is on the 6 (which is :30).
Everyday Time Telling
When someone asks 'Ima nan-ji desu ka?' (What time is it now?), and it's 4:30, confidently reply 'Yo-ji han desu!'
Punctuality Matters
Japanese culture often values punctuality. Using 'han' correctly helps you communicate your schedule precisely, showing respect for others' time.
Suffix Power
Remember 'han' is a suffix! It sticks to the end of the hour phrase (like 'san-ji') to create a new time expression ('san-ji han').
Long 'A' Sound
Make sure to pronounce the 'a' in 'han' long, like the 'a' in 'father'. Haaaahn. This helps distinguish it clearly.
Don't Forget 'Ji'!
A common slip is saying 'san-han' instead of 'san-ji han'. Always include the 'ji' (時) for the hour before adding 'han'.
Ancient Roots
The character '半' is thousands of years old and originally showed a knife cutting something in half. Pretty cool how it's still used for 'half past' today!
Flashcard Power
Create flashcards with digital times (e.g., 2:30) on one side and the Japanese phrase ('Ni-ji han') on the other. Quiz yourself regularly!
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'HANd' as in 'half-hand' on a clock pointing to the 6.
Visual Association
Picture a clock face with the hour hand exactly halfway between two numbers.
Word Web
Challenge
Set your watch alarm for 3:30 and say 'San-ji han!' when it rings.
Word Origin
Chinese
Original meaning: Half, middle
Cultural Context
None. It's a neutral term for time.
In English-speaking cultures, we say 'half past three' or 'three thirty'. The Japanese 'san-ji han' is a direct equivalent.
Not typically found in famous literary or cultural references as a standalone concept, but essential for understanding daily schedules in Japanese media (anime, dramas, news).
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Daily Schedule
- Ima, nan-ji han desu ka?
- Hachi-ji han ni okimasu.
- Gogo san-ji han ni kaerimasu.
Making Appointments
- Ni-ji han wa aitemasu ka?
- San-ji han de ii desu ka?
- Gogo go-ji han ni yoyaku o onegai shimasu.
Transportation
- Densha wa ichi-ji han ni demasu.
- Basu wa yo-ji han ni tsukimasu.
- Hikouki wa roku-ji han ni toukyaku desu.
Events & Meetings
- Kaigi wa ku-ji han ni hajimarimasu.
- Paatii wa juu-ji han ni owarimasu.
- Eiga wa shichi-ji han ni kaimasu.
Conversation Starters
"What time is it now? (Ima, nan-ji han desu ka?)"
"Are you free around 3:30 this afternoon? (Gogo san-ji han goro, aitemasu ka?)"
"The train leaves at 1:30, right? (Densha wa ichi-ji han ni demasu ne?)"
"Let's meet at 7:30. (Shichi-ji han ni aimashou.)"
"My class starts at 9:30. (Watashi no jugyou wa ku-ji han ni hajimarimasu.)"
Journal Prompts
Describe your typical morning routine, including times like 7:30 or 8:30.
Plan a fictional day trip. What times would you depart, arrive, and return, using 'han' where appropriate?
Write about a time you were late or early for something. How did the actual time compare to the planned time (e.g., planned for 2:00, arrived at 2:30)?
Imagine you are a TV schedule announcer. Announce three programs starting at times like 1:30, 4:30, and 7:30.
Frequently Asked Questions
8 questionsNo, 'han' specifically means 'half' (30 minutes). For other minute counts, you use the number followed by 'fun' or 'pun' (e.g., 1:15 is 'juugo-fun').
Yes, you generally need the hour counter 'ji' (時) before adding 'han'. For example, 'san-ji han' (3:30), not just 'san-han'.
Yes, 'han' itself doesn't specify AM or PM. Context usually makes it clear, or you can add 'gozen' (午前 - AM) or 'gogo' (午後 - PM) before the time if needed.
While 'han' is the standard suffix, you could theoretically say '[hour] ji sanjuppun' ([hour]時十分 - e.g., 'san-ji sanjuppun' for 3:30), but 'san-ji han' is much more common and natural.
No, 'han' is a fixed suffix and does not change its form regardless of the hour number it follows.
No, 'han' functions as a suffix attached to the hour. It always comes after the hour number and 'ji'.
As a suffix, it's attached to the hour. The standalone word 'hanbun' (半分) means 'half' in a general context, but 'han' in timekeeping is specifically a suffix.
'Han' is extremely common and natural for :30 times. Saying '[hour] ji sanjuppun' is less common for :30.
Test Yourself
It is 1:30 now. ___ ___ ___ です。
'Ichi-ji han' means 1:30.
What does 'go-ji han' mean?
Go (五) is 5, ji (時) is hour, and han (半) means half past.
The suffix 'han' can be used to say 'quarter past' the hour.
'Han' specifically means 'half' (30 minutes). For quarter past, you would need different phrasing.
Word
Meaning
Match the digital time to its Japanese expression using 'han'.
The correct sentence is 'Ni-ji han kara hajimarimasu' (It starts from 2:30).
The clock shows 4:30. これは ___ ___ です。
Yo (四) is 4, ji (時) is hour, han (半) is half past.
Which Japanese phrase means 'half past ten'?
Ju (十) is 10, ji (時) is hour, han (半) is half past.
In Japanese, 'han' is used for all minute counts.
'Han' is only for :30. Other minutes use 'fun' or 'pun'.
The correct sentence is 'Kore wa hachi-ji han desu' (This is 8:30).
The meeting is scheduled for 11:30. 会議は ___ ___ 予定です。
Ju-ichi-ji (十一時) means 11 o'clock, and 'han' makes it 11:30.
Score: /10
Summary
Mastering '～半' (han) is your key to confidently telling time like 1:30, 4:30, and more in Japanese!
- Suffix '～半' (han) means 'half past' the hour.
- Used exclusively for timekeeping (e.g., 3:30 is 'san-ji han').
- Follows the hour number and the counter '時' (ji).
- Essential for precise and natural time expression in Japanese.
Clock Hand Trick
Imagine the big hand on the clock pointing straight down to the '6'. That '6' position represents 'half' of the full circle, so remember 'han' for when the minute hand is on the 6 (which is :30).
Everyday Time Telling
When someone asks 'Ima nan-ji desu ka?' (What time is it now?), and it's 4:30, confidently reply 'Yo-ji han desu!'
Punctuality Matters
Japanese culture often values punctuality. Using 'han' correctly helps you communicate your schedule precisely, showing respect for others' time.
Suffix Power
Remember 'han' is a suffix! It sticks to the end of the hour phrase (like 'san-ji') to create a new time expression ('san-ji han').
Example
今、3時半です。
Related Content
More general words
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
～について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
～ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
ごろ
A2About, approximately (time).
うえ
A2At a higher position than.
絶対
B1Absolutely; definitely; never.
絶対に
B1Absolutely; definitely.
