インフレ
インフレ in 30 Seconds
- Infure is the standard Japanese word for inflation, used in news and daily life.
- It is a katakana loanword shortened from the full term 'infurēshon'.
- It describes the economic state where prices rise and money loses its value.
- The word is essential for understanding current Japanese social and economic trends.
The Japanese word インフレ is a shortened version of the English-derived loanword インフレーション (infurēshon), meaning 'inflation.' In the realm of economics and daily life, it refers to a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation reflects a reduction in the purchasing power per unit of money—a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account within the Japanese economy. While the full word 'infurēshon' is used in formal academic papers or very stiff news reports, 'infure' is the ubiquitous term used by everyone from high-ranking government officials to the person on the street buying eggs at the local supermarket. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone living in or studying Japan, especially given the country's unique economic history characterized by decades of deflation (defure) and the recent, dramatic shift back toward inflationary pressures. The term is not merely technical; it carries significant emotional weight for many Japanese citizens who have grown accustomed to stable or falling prices for over thirty years. When you hear the word used in conversation, it is often accompanied by a sigh or a discussion about the rising cost of living, known as 物価高 (bukkadaka). The linguistic efficiency of shortening four syllables into three is a hallmark of Japanese katakana usage, making it punchy and easy to integrate into fast-paced news cycles and casual conversations alike.
- Economic Context
- In Japan, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) often sets a target for the 'infure-ritsu' (inflation rate), typically aiming for a stable 2% to stimulate economic growth and wage increases. However, when 'infure' is mentioned in the news today, it often refers to 'cost-push' inflation driven by rising import costs for energy and food.
- Social Context
- Socially, the word is linked to 'seikatsu-bouei' (defending one's lifestyle). People discuss 'infure-taisaku' (anti-inflation measures) like switching to private label brands or looking for 'waribiki' (discounts) more aggressively than in the past.
- Grammatical Function
- As a noun, it can stand alone or combine with other nouns. For example, 'infure-keikou' (inflationary trend) or 'infure-yoku' (inflationary pressure). It is rarely used as a verb directly, though one might say 'infure ga susumu' (inflation progresses).
世界的な原材料価格の高騰により、日本でも急速なインフレが進んでいます。(Due to the global surge in raw material prices, rapid inflation is progressing in Japan as well.)
最近のインフレのせいで、外食を控えるようになりました。(Because of the recent inflation, I have started to refrain from eating out.)
政府はインフレを抑制するために、様々な政策を打ち出しています。(The government is launching various policies to curb inflation.)
このゲーム、新しい武器の性能が強すぎて完全にインフレしてるよね。(In this game, the performance of the new weapons is too strong; it's total power creep/inflation, right?)
ハイパーインフレが起きると、お札が紙屑同然になってしまいます。(When hyperinflation occurs, banknotes become as worthless as scrap paper.)
In summary, 'infure' is a versatile term that covers everything from macroeconomics to the price of milk, and even the power levels in a mobile game. Its brevity makes it a staple of the Japanese lexicon, reflecting the country's ongoing dialogue with economic stability and change.
Using the word インフレ correctly involves understanding its role as a noun and the specific verbs it typically pairs with. In Japanese grammar, 'infure' functions as the subject or object of a sentence, often describing a state or a progression. To say inflation is happening, you use the verb 進む (susumu - to progress) or 起きる (okiru - to occur). For example, 'Infure ga susunde iru' means inflation is progressing. If you want to describe the impact of inflation, you might say 'Infure no eikyou' (the influence of inflation). When discussing the rate at which prices are rising, the compound インフレ率 (infure-ritsu) is essential. Unlike English, where we might say 'the economy is inflating,' in Japanese, you almost always focus on 'infure' as a phenomenon that exists or moves. You can also use it to describe a specific type of inflation by adding a prefix, such as コストプッシュ・インフレ (cost-push inflation) or 需要インフレ (demand-pull inflation). The versatility of the word allows it to be used in formal business presentations—'Infure-mitoushi' (inflation outlook)—and in casual complaints about the price of ramen—'Saikin no infure wa hidoi ne' (The recent inflation is terrible, isn't it?).
- Common Verb Pairings
- Infure ga kasoku suru (Inflation accelerates), Infure wo osaeru (To suppress/curb inflation), Infure ni tsuyoi (Resistant to inflation - e.g., assets like gold).
- Sentence Structure
- Subject + ga + Infure + da (The subject is inflation), or Infure + no + Noun (Inflationary noun). Using 'infure' as a modifier is very common in financial news.
- Negative Connotations
- While economists might argue for 'good' inflation, in general Japanese parlance, 'infure' is almost always viewed negatively by the public because it implies 'bukkadaka' (high prices) without necessarily implying 'chingin-joushou' (wage increases).
急激なインフレに対応するため、企業は価格改定を余儀なくされています。(To respond to rapid inflation, companies are being forced to revise their prices.)
老後の資金がインフレで目減りするのが心配です。(I am worried that my retirement funds will decrease in real value due to inflation.)
中央銀行は、インフレ目標2パーセントを掲げています。(The central bank has set an inflation target of 2 percent.)
今の経済状況は、典型的な悪性のインフレだと言えるでしょう。(One could say the current economic situation is a typical case of 'bad' inflation.)
不動産はインフレヘッジとしての側面も持っています。(Real estate also has an aspect as an inflation hedge.)
When you practice, try to pair 'infure' with different social consequences. Think about how it affects your 'okozukai' (allowance) or your 'yochokin' (savings). This contextual practice will help you internalize the word as a real-world concept rather than just a vocabulary item in a textbook.
The word インフレ is inescapable in modern Japanese media. You will hear it most frequently on the nightly news programs like NHK's 'News 7' or 'News Watch 9,' where economic segments often lead with discussions on the 'infure-ritsu' (inflation rate) and its impact on the 'kakei' (household finances). In the morning, talk shows called 'waido-shou' (wide shows) dedicate significant time to 'seikatsu-infure' (lifestyle inflation), showing graphics of how much the price of mayonnaise, electricity, and gasoline has risen. If you walk into a bookstore, you will see rows of business books with titles like 'Infure jidai no toshi-jutsu' (Investment techniques for the inflation era). In the workplace, particularly in finance, logistics, or retail, 'infure' is a constant topic in meetings regarding budget planning and price setting. Beyond the professional sphere, you'll hear it in casual settings: friends complaining at a café about the shrinking size of snacks (often called 'shurinkufure' or shrinkflation), or gamers on YouTube complaining that the power levels in their favorite RPG have 'infure-shita' (inflated/power-crept). This crossover from serious economics to pop culture makes it one of the most versatile loanwords in the language.
- News Media
- Reporters use 'infure' when interviewing shoppers at supermarkets to get 'koe' (voices) on the rising cost of living. It's often paired with 'kurashi' (daily life).
- Online Forums
- On sites like 5ch or Twitter (X), 'infure' is used to discuss the devaluation of in-game currency or the increasing difficulty of keeping up with new content releases.
- Government Briefings
- Officials from the Ministry of Finance use 'infure' when discussing the 'bukka-antei' (price stability) and the need for wage growth to outpace inflation.
ニュース番組で「インフレが家計を直撃」という特集が組まれていました。(A special feature titled 'Inflation Hits Household Budgets Directly' was aired on a news program.)
最近のソシャゲは、キャラの強さがインフレしすぎてついていけない。(In recent social games, the strength of characters has inflated so much that I can't keep up.)
商店街の店主たちが、インフレによる仕入れ価格の上昇に頭を悩ませています。(Shop owners in the shopping arcade are troubled by the rise in procurement prices due to inflation.)
「インフレに負けない資産運用」というセミナーに参加しました。(I participated in a seminar called 'Asset Management That Doesn't Lose to Inflation.')
円安がインフレを助長しているという指摘もあります。(There are also points being made that the weak yen is encouraging inflation.)
Whether you are watching a serious documentary on the BOJ or just scrolling through Twitter, 'infure' is a keyword that will help you unlock a deeper understanding of the current social and economic climate in Japan. It is a word that connects the abstract world of high finance to the very concrete reality of how much a bowl of beef donburi costs today versus last year.
While インフレ is a loanword, English speakers often make the mistake of using it exactly like the English verb 'to inflate.' In Japanese, 'infure' is strictly a noun. You cannot say 'kono fuusen wo infure-suru' to mean 'inflate this balloon.' For physical inflation, the verb is 膨らませる (fukuramaseru). Another common error is confusing 'infure' with 物価高 (bukkadaka). While they are related, 'infure' is the economic process, whereas 'bukkadaka' is the state of prices being high. You wouldn't say 'Kyouno infure wa takai' (Today's inflation is high) when you mean the prices at the store are high; you would say 'Bukka ga takai.' Additionally, learners sometimes forget to use the shortened form 'infure' in casual conversation, opting for the full 'infurēshon,' which can sound overly academic or robotic in a social setting. It's like saying 'television' every single time instead of 'TV.' Finally, be careful with the particle usage: 'infure ni naru' (to become/enter inflation) is common, but 'infure wo suru' is incorrect because inflation is not an action performed by a person.
- Mistake 1: Physical Inflation
- Using 'infure' for balloons or tires. Correct: 'Taiya ni kuuki wo ireru' (Put air in the tire) or 'Fukuramaseru' (To expand/inflate).
- Mistake 2: Verb Usage
- Saying 'Infure-shiteiru' for the economy. While technically understood, 'Infure ga susunde iru' is much more natural and common in professional and news contexts.
- Mistake 3: Confusion with Deflation
- Mixing up 'infure' and 'defure.' In Japan's long history of falling prices, 'defure' was the keyword. Ensure you are using the right one for the current rising-price environment.
❌ 風船をインフレする。
✅ 風船を膨らませる。(Inflate a balloon.)
❌ 今日のインフレは高いですね。
✅ 最近は物価が高いですね。(Prices are high lately.)
❌ インフレが下がる。
✅ インフレ率が低下する。(The inflation rate decreases.)
❌ インフレを食べる。
✅ インフレの影響を受ける。(To be affected by inflation.)
❌ インフレは安い。
✅ インフレで通貨価値が下がる。(Currency value drops due to inflation.)
By avoiding these common pitfalls, you will sound much more like a native speaker who understands both the economic and linguistic nuances of the word. Pay attention to how news anchors frame the word—they almost always talk about the 'rate' (ritsu) or the 'progress' (susumu) of inflation.
While インフレ is the most common term for inflation, there are several related words that offer more specific nuances. The most direct synonym is the full version, インフレーション, which is used in academic or highly formal settings. When focusing specifically on the rising cost of goods, 物価上昇 (bukka joushou) is used. If you want to express the hardship of high prices, 物価高 (bukkadaka) is the go-to term for daily conversation. In a more technical sense, 通貨膨張 (tsuuka bouchou) literally means 'currency expansion' and is used to describe the monetary cause of inflation. There is also the relatively new term シュリンクフレーション (shrinkflation), which describes when prices stay the same but the product size decreases—a very common complaint in Japan recently. For the opposite phenomenon, デフレ (deflation) is the essential antonym. Understanding these distinctions helps you choose the right word for the right situation, whether you are writing an economic report or complaining about the price of eggs.
- インフレ vs. 物価上昇
- 'Infure' is the economic phenomenon; 'Bukka joushou' is the literal rising of prices. They are often interchangeable, but 'Bukka joushou' sounds slightly more descriptive and less like a 'loanword' label.
- インフレ vs. 物価高
- 'Infure' is the process (the balloon getting bigger); 'Bukkadaka' is the result (the balloon is big). People feel 'bukkadaka' in their wallets every day.
- スタグフレーション
- A combination of 'stagnation' and 'inflation.' This is often used to describe the current Japanese economy, where prices rise but wages and growth remain stagnant.
「インフレ」よりも「物価上昇」の方が、年配の方には伝わりやすいかもしれません。(The term 'Bukka joushou' might be easier for elderly people to understand than 'Infure'.)
最近のポテトチップス、値段は同じだけど量が減ったよね。これってシュリンクフレーションだよね。(Recent potato chips are the same price but the quantity decreased. That's shrinkflation, isn't it?)
デフレ脱却を目指してきましたが、今は逆にインフレが問題になっています。(We aimed to break free from deflation, but now, conversely, inflation has become a problem.)
ハイパーインフレの歴史を学ぶことで、通貨の重要性がわかります。(By studying the history of hyperinflation, we can understand the importance of currency.)
この国はスタグフレーションの危機に瀕しています。(This country is on the verge of a stagflation crisis.)
By mastering these alternatives, you can tailor your Japanese to be more precise, whether you're discussing the nuances of monetary policy or simply chatting about the rising cost of living with a neighbor.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
Japanese has a strong tendency to shorten loanwords to four morae (beats). However, 'infure' is only three beats (in-fu-re), which makes it exceptionally punchy. This shortening likely happened because 'infure' is easier to say repeatedly in news broadcasts than the seven-beat 'infurēshon'.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'fu' with strong lip-to-teeth contact like the English 'f'.
- Making the 're' sound like an English 'r' with a curled tongue.
- Adding an 'u' sound at the very end (infure-u).
- Elongating the 'e' at the end (infureee).
- Pronouncing the 'n' too strongly like a separate syllable 'ni'.
Difficulty Rating
Easy to read as it is a common katakana word with a clear English origin.
Simple to write in katakana: イ-ン-フ-レ.
Very easy to pronounce for English speakers.
Easy to recognize, but must be distinguished from 'defure'.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Noun + の影響で (Due to the influence of...)
インフレの影響で、多くの店が閉店した。
Noun + に伴って (Accompanying... / Along with...)
インフレに伴って、金利も上昇した。
Noun + を背景に (Against the background of...)
世界的なインフレを背景に、円安が進んでいる。
Verb (dictionary form) + 恐れがある (There is a fear that...)
インフレがさらに加速する恐れがある。
Noun + に対応する (To respond to...)
急激なインフレに対応するための策を練る。
Examples by Level
インフレでパンが高くなりました。
Bread became expensive because of inflation.
Using 'de' to indicate the cause (inflation).
インフレは怖いです。
Inflation is scary.
Simple Subject + wa + Adjective structure.
日本は今、インフレですか?
Is Japan in inflation now?
Asking a state-of-being question with 'desu ka'.
インフレのニュースを見ました。
I saw news about inflation.
Using 'no' to connect 'infure' and 'news'.
インフレで卵がありません。
There are no eggs due to inflation (shortages/prices).
Using 'de' to show the reason for the lack of eggs.
インフレは嫌いです。
I hate inflation.
Expressing a simple like/dislike with 'wa' and 'kirai'.
これもインフレの影響ですか?
Is this also the influence of inflation?
Using 'mo' (also) and 'no eikyou' (influence of).
インフレで生活が変わります。
Life changes because of inflation.
Simple verb 'kawarimasu' (to change).
最近のインフレのせいで、外食が減りました。
Because of the recent inflation, eating out has decreased.
'No sei de' indicates a negative cause.
インフレになると、お金の価値が下がります。
When inflation happens, the value of money goes down.
Using 'to' to show a natural consequence (when A happens, B follows).
インフレを抑えるのは難しいです。
Curbing inflation is difficult.
Nominalizing the verb 'osaeru' (to curb) with 'no'.
インフレ率が2パーセントを超えました。
The inflation rate exceeded 2 percent.
Using 'ritsu' for rate and 'wo koeru' for exceeding.
このゲーム、武器の強さがインフレしています。
In this game, the strength of weapons is inflating (power creep).
Using 'infure' in a modern slang/gaming context.
インフレに強い資産を持ちたいです。
I want to have assets that are strong against inflation.
'Ni tsuyoi' means to be resistant to or strong against something.
インフレが進むと、貯金が心配になります。
As inflation progresses, I get worried about my savings.
Using 'susumu' to describe the progression of inflation.
世界中でインフレが起きています。
Inflation is occurring all over the world.
Using 'okite iru' to describe an ongoing occurrence.
円安がインフレをさらに加速させているようです。
It seems the weak yen is further accelerating inflation.
Causative form 'kasoku saseru' (to make accelerate).
インフレ対策として、政府は補助金を出すことにしました。
As an anti-inflation measure, the government decided to provide subsidies.
Using 'toushite' to mean 'as' or 'in the capacity of'.
急激なインフレは、人々の生活を直撃します。
Rapid inflation hits people's lives directly.
'Chokugeki suru' (to hit directly) is a common news term.
インフレの見通しについて、専門家に話を聞きました。
I listened to an expert talk about the inflation outlook.
Using 'ni tsuite' to mean 'about' or 'concerning'.
給料が上がらないのにインフレだけが進むのは困ります。
It's a problem that only inflation progresses while wages don't rise.
Using 'noni' to express contrast or frustration.
インフレの影響で、多くの企業が値上げを発表しました。
Due to the effect of inflation, many companies announced price increases.
Using 'no eikyou de' for cause and effect.
デフレからインフレへの転換点はいつだったのでしょうか。
When was the turning point from deflation to inflation?
Using 'kara... e no' to show a transition.
インフレ傾向が続くと、消費が冷え込む恐れがあります。
If the inflationary trend continues, there is a fear that consumption will cool down.
Using 'osore ga aru' to express a fear or risk.
日本銀行は、安定的なインフレ目標の達成を目指しています。
The Bank of Japan aims to achieve a stable inflation target.
Using 'mezasu' (to aim for) with a complex noun phrase.
コストプッシュ型のインフレは、景気後退を招く危険性があります。
Cost-push inflation has the risk of leading to an economic recession.
'Maneku' (to invite/lead to) used with 'kikensei' (risk).
インフレ期待が高まると、企業は価格を上げやすくなります。
When inflation expectations rise, it becomes easier for companies to raise prices.
Using 'yasuku naru' to mean 'becomes easier to...'.
実質賃金がマイナスになるのは、インフレに賃金が追いついていないからです。
Real wages become negative because wage growth is not keeping up with inflation.
Explaining a reason with 'kara desu' at the end of a long sentence.
インフレヘッジとして、不動産や金への投資が注目されています。
Investment in real estate and gold is attracting attention as an inflation hedge.
Using 'toushite' and 'chuumoku sarete iru' (is being noticed).
過度なインフレを抑制するために、金利を引き上げる必要があります。
To suppress excessive inflation, it is necessary to raise interest rates.
Using 'tame ni' to express purpose.
インフレ局面においては、現金の価値が相対的に低下します。
In an inflationary phase, the value of cash relatively decreases.
Using 'ni oite wa' to specify a context or period.
この統計データは、インフレの加速を明確に示しています。
This statistical data clearly shows the acceleration of inflation.
Using 'meikaku ni shimesu' (to clearly show).
構造的な人手不足が、サービス価格のインフレを誘発しています。
Structural labor shortages are inducing inflation in service prices.
Using 'yuuhatsu suru' (to induce/trigger) for causal relationships.
インフレの恒常化は、中長期的な経済成長を阻害する要因となり得ます。
The normalization of inflation can become a factor that hinders medium-to-long-term economic growth.
Using 'touri uru' (can become/is possible to be).
サプライチェーンの分断が、世界的な供給サイドのインフレをもたらしました。
The disruption of supply chains brought about global supply-side inflation.
Using 'motharashita' (brought about) for significant outcomes.
インフレ心理が定着すると、物価と賃金のスパイラルが生じる懸念があります。
If inflationary psychology takes root, there is a concern that a price-wage spiral will occur.
Using 'ken-en ga aru' (there is a concern/fear).
通貨供給量の過剰な拡大が、歴史的にハイパーインフレの引き金となってきました。
Excessive expansion of the money supply has historically been the trigger for hyperinflation.
Using 'hikigane to naru' (to become the trigger).
インフレ調整後の実質GDP成長率は、経済の真の姿を映し出します。
The real GDP growth rate after inflation adjustment reflects the true state of the economy.
Using 'utsushidasu' (to project/reflect) metaphorically.
デフレ脱却後のインフレ制御は、金融政策における極めて高度な舵取りを要します。
Controlling inflation after escaping deflation requires extremely sophisticated steering in monetary policy.
Using 'kajitori' (steering) as a metaphor for management/policy.
インフレによる購買力の低下は、低所得者層に不均衡な打撃を与えます。
The decline in purchasing power due to inflation deals a disproportionate blow to low-income groups.
Using 'fukinkou na dageki' (disproportionate blow).
インフレは、単なる経済現象に留まらず、社会契約そのものを変容させる力を持っています。
Inflation does not stop at being a mere economic phenomenon; it has the power to transform the social contract itself.
Using 'ni todomarazu' (not limited to) for expansive arguments.
資産価格のインフレと実体経済の乖離は、富の再分配における深刻な歪みを生じさせています。
The divergence between asset price inflation and the real economy is creating serious distortions in the redistribution of wealth.
Using 'kairi' (divergence) and 'hizumi' (distortion) for technical critique.
グローバル化の揺り戻しが、構造的なインフレ圧力を永続させる可能性を否定できません。
One cannot deny the possibility that the backlash against globalization will perpetuate structural inflationary pressures.
Using a double negative 'hitei dekinai' for a cautious but strong assertion.
インフレのダイナミズムを解明することは、マクロ経済学における永遠の命題の一つです。
Elucidating the dynamism of inflation is one of the eternal propositions in macroeconomics.
Using 'kaimei suru' (to elucidate/unravel) for intellectual pursuits.
歴史を紐解けば、インフレの制御不能な昂進が政治体制の崩壊を招いた例は枚挙に暇がありません。
If one unrolls history, examples of uncontrollable surges in inflation leading to the collapse of political regimes are too numerous to mention.
Using the idiomatic expression 'maikyo ni itoma ga arimasen' (too numerous to count).
中央銀行の信認が揺らげば、インフレ期待のアンカーが外れ、経済は混迷を極めるでしょう。
If the credibility of the central bank wavers, the anchor of inflation expectations will be lost, and the economy will reach the heights of turmoil.
Using 'konpaku wo kiwameru' (to reach the peak of confusion/turmoil).
インフレというレンズを通して社会を見渡すと、既存の価値体系の脆弱性が浮き彫りになります。
Looking across society through the lens of inflation highlights the vulnerability of existing value systems.
Using 'ukibori ni naru' (to be brought into sharp relief/highlighted).
デジタル通貨の台頭が、伝統的なインフレの定義とその測定手法に再考を迫っています。
The rise of digital currencies is forcing a reconsideration of the traditional definition of inflation and its measurement methods.
Using 'saikou wo semaru' (to force a rethink).
Synonyms
Antonyms
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— Inflation progresses or advances. Used to describe the ongoing trend of rising prices.
インフレが進むにつれて、生活が苦しくなる。
— Inflation occurs. Used to describe the start or presence of an inflationary period.
世界中で急激なインフレが起きている。
— To curb or suppress inflation. Used when discussing government or central bank actions.
中央銀行はインフレを抑えるために苦心している。
— To be strong against inflation. Used for assets or investments that retain value.
不動産は一般的にインフレに強いと言われる。
— To lose to inflation. Used when the value of savings or wages fails to keep up with rising prices.
銀行預金だけではインフレに負けてしまう。
— The shadow of inflation. A metaphorical way to describe the looming threat of rising prices.
経済回復の裏で、インフレの影が忍び寄っている。
— The wave of inflation. Used to describe a widespread trend affecting many sectors.
インフレの波が地方の商店街にも押し寄せている。
— To decrease in real value due to inflation. Usually refers to savings or fixed income.
インフレで年金の実質的な価値が目減りする。
— To factor in inflation. Used in finance to mean the market has already adjusted for expected inflation.
株価はすでに将来のインフレを織り込んでいる。
— To bring about or lead to inflation. Used to describe the cause of rising prices.
過剰な財政出動はインフレを招く恐れがある。
Often Confused With
The opposite: falling prices. People often mix them up when speaking quickly.
An economic bubble. While related to high prices, a 'bubble' refers to asset prices (like stocks/land) specifically, while 'infure' is general prices.
Short for 'infrastructure.' It sounds very similar to 'infure' but means roads, bridges, and systems.
Idioms & Expressions
— To extinguish the fire of inflation. Used when aggressive measures are needed to stop rapid price rises.
政府はインフレの火を消すために躍起になっている。
Journalistic— To spur on/accelerate inflation. Used when a new factor makes existing inflation worse.
燃料価格の上昇でインフレに拍車がかかった。
Neutral— Inflation bares its fangs. A dramatic way to say inflation is starting to cause serious harm.
ついにインフレが家計に牙を向き始めた。
Literary/Metaphorical— The footsteps of inflation. Used when inflation is just beginning to be felt.
静かに、しかし確実にインフレの足音が聞こえてくる。
Journalistic— A storm of inflation. Describes a period of very high and chaotic price increases.
世界は今、インフレの嵐の中にいる。
Metaphorical— To be swallowed by inflation. Used when a business or individual can no longer cope with rising costs.
多くの中小企業がインフレに飲み込まれようとしている。
Dramatic— The inflation trap. A situation where efforts to stop inflation cause other economic problems.
政策の失敗により、国はインフレの罠に陥った。
Economic/Formal— To tame inflation. Used when a government successfully manages inflation at a low, stable level.
中央銀行の役割は、インフレを適切に飼い慣らすことだ。
Metaphorical/Professional— Inflation runs wild/out of control. Used for hyperinflation or very rapid increases.
一度インフレが暴走し始めると、止めるのは至難の業だ。
Neutral— The exit from inflation. Refers to the end of an inflationary period or the end of anti-inflation policies.
インフレの出口戦略を模索している。
ProfessionalEasily Confused
Sounds almost identical.
Infura (infrastructure) refers to physical systems like roads and internet; Infure (inflation) refers to rising prices.
インフラを整備する (Develop infrastructure) vs インフレを抑える (Curb inflation).
Both are three-syllable katakana starting with 'In'.
Infuru is short for 'influenza' (the flu). Infure is inflation.
インフルにかかる (To catch the flu) vs インフレが進む (Inflation progresses).
They both mean prices are high.
Infure is the process/phenomenon; Bukkadaka is the descriptive state of high prices.
インフレが原因で物価高になる (Inflation causes the state of high prices).
Formal term for price rise.
Touki is very formal and usually refers to a specific asset or commodity price jumping up, rather than general inflation.
地価の騰貴 (Rise in land prices).
They often happen at the same time.
Enyasu is the weak yen (exchange rate); Infure is the domestic rise in prices.
円安の影響でインフレが加速する (Inflation accelerates due to the weak yen).
Sentence Patterns
インフレで [Noun] が高いです。
インフレで野菜が高いです。
最近のインフレのせいで [Verb-te form] しまいました。
最近のインフレのせいで、貯金が減ってしまいました。
インフレが進むと、[Clause] という問題が起きます。
インフレが進むと、生活が苦しくなるという問題が起きます。
政府はインフレを抑制するために [Noun] を実施しました。
政府はインフレを抑制するために、利上げを実施しました。
[Noun] がインフレの引き金となったことは否定できません。
原材料費の高騰がインフレの引き金となったことは否定できません。
インフレ期待の定着は、[Noun] を招く懸念があります。
インフレ期待の定着は、賃金スパイラルを招く懸念があります。
インフレというレンズを通して見れば、[Clause] ことが浮き彫りになります。
インフレというレンズを通して見れば、社会の格差が広がっていることが浮き彫りになります。
インフレの昂進は、[Noun] の信認を揺るがしかねません。
インフレの昂進は、通貨制度の信認を揺るがしかねません。
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Very high in current Japanese society due to economic shifts.
-
Using 'infure' to blow up a balloon.
→
風船を膨らませる (Fukuramaseru).
'Infure' is strictly an economic or abstract term. It is never used for physical inflation like air in a balloon.
-
Saying 'Infure wo suru'.
→
インフレが起きる / 進む.
Inflation isn't an action you 'do.' It is a state that 'happens' or 'progresses.'
-
Confusing 'Infure' with 'Infra'.
→
インフラ (Infrastructure).
These sound similar but mean completely different things. 'Infra' is roads/systems; 'Infure' is rising prices.
-
Using 'Infure' for a single item's price hike.
→
値上げ (Neage).
If just one company raises prices, it's 'neage.' If all prices in the country go up, it's 'infure.'
-
Saying 'Infure ga takai'.
→
インフレ率が高い.
You should say the 'inflation rate' is high, not the 'inflation' is high. Or just say 'Infure ga hidoi' (Inflation is terrible).
Tips
Short vs Long
Always use 'infure' when talking to friends or coworkers. Using 'infurēshon' is like wearing a tuxedo to a casual lunch.
The 'N' sound
The 'n' in 'infure' is nasal. Don't pronounce it like a clear 'na' or 'ni'. It should blend into the 'fu'.
Particle Choice
Use 'de' to say 'because of inflation' (e.g., Infure de...). Use 'ni' to say 'strong against inflation' (e.g., Infure ni tsuyoi).
The Deflation Mindset
Remember that many Japanese people are used to prices never changing. When you talk about 'infure,' you are talking about a major cultural shift.
Related Katakana
Learn 'defure' and 'infure' as a pair. They are the two sides of the economic coin.
Gamer Slang
If you play Japanese mobile games, use 'infure' to describe new characters being too strong. It's a great way to sound like a native gamer.
News Keywords
Look for 'infure-ritsu' in the news. It's the most common compound word you will encounter.
Inflation/Infure
Just take the first two sounds of IN-FLation and change them to IN-FU-RE. It's one of the easiest loanwords to remember!
Red Arrows
In Japanese news graphics, 'infure' is almost always represented by a red arrow pointing up. Associate the word with that visual.
Empathy
When someone mentions 'infure,' nodding and saying 'Taihen desu ne' (It's tough, isn't it?) is a very common social interaction.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of an 'IN-FLating' (IN-FU-RE) balloon. As the balloon (prices) gets bigger, your money inside it gets stretched thin and loses its value. Just remember the first two syllables of IN-FLation and add an 'e' sound: IN-FU-RE.
Visual Association
Imagine a price tag on a carton of milk that is physically growing larger and larger until it takes up the whole room, while your 1000 yen bill looks like a tiny postage stamp in comparison.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to find three items in your local supermarket that have increased in price over the last year. Point at them and say out loud: 'Kore mo infure no eikyou desu ne' (This is also the effect of inflation, right?).
Word Origin
The word 'インフレ' is a truncated form of 'インフレーション', which was borrowed from the English word 'inflation' during the early 20th century as Japan modernized its economic systems. The English word itself comes from the Latin 'inflationem', meaning 'a blowing into' or 'a swelling.'
Original meaning: The original Latin and early English meaning referred to physical swelling or being puffed up with pride. The economic sense emerged in the 19th century.
English (Germanic/Latinate) -> Japanese Katakana Loanword.Cultural Context
Be sensitive when discussing inflation with people on fixed incomes, such as retirees, as it directly reduces their quality of life.
In English-speaking countries, inflation is a standard economic term, but the shortened form 'infure' doesn't exist. We just say 'inflation.'
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Watching the News
- インフレ率の上昇
- インフレの背景
- インフレの見通し
- インフレへの警戒
At the Supermarket
- インフレの影響
- 値上げラッシュ
- 家計への打撃
- 節約志向
Business Meetings
- インフレリスクの検討
- 価格転嫁の必要性
- コスト上昇分
- インフレ動向
Discussing Investments
- インフレヘッジとしての金
- 実質利回り
- 資産の目減り
- インフレに強い銘柄
Gaming / Hobbies
- ステータスのインフレ
- インフレキャラ
- インフレについていけない
- 環境のインフレ
Conversation Starters
"最近のインフレについてどう思いますか? (What do you think about the recent inflation?)"
"インフレのせいで、何か買うのを諦めたものはありますか? (Is there anything you've given up on buying because of inflation?)"
"あなたの国でもインフレは進んでいますか? (Is inflation progressing in your country too?)"
"インフレ対策として、何か特別なことをしていますか? (Are you doing anything special as an anti-inflation measure?)"
"インフレが続くと、将来が少し不安になりますよね。 (When inflation continues, it makes you a bit anxious about the future, doesn't it?)"
Journal Prompts
今日の買い物で、インフレを感じた瞬間について書いてください。 (Write about a moment during today's shopping when you felt the inflation.)
インフレが自分の貯金や将来の計画にどのような影響を与えるか考察してください。 (Reflect on how inflation affects your savings and future plans.)
もしハイパーインフレが起きたら、あなたはどう行動しますか? (If hyperinflation occurred, how would you act?)
「物価上昇」と「賃金上昇」のバランスについて、自分の意見を述べてください。 (State your opinion on the balance between 'price increases' and 'wage increases'.)
インフレ時代を賢く生き抜くための自分なりのルールを3つ考えてください。 (Think of three of your own rules for wisely surviving the era of inflation.)
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsNo, 'infure' is only for economics or gaming power creep. For a balloon, use 'fukuramaseru' (to blow up/expand).
'Infure' is the common, shortened form. 'Infurēshon' is the formal, full word used in textbooks or serious reports. Use 'infure' in 90% of situations.
The Bank of Japan wants a small amount (2%) of inflation to keep the economy moving. However, regular people usually dislike it because it makes things more expensive.
It is 'shrinkflation'—when the price stays the same but the amount of product inside the package gets smaller.
In standard Japanese, it is a noun. In gamer slang, you might hear 'infure-shiteiru' (it's power-creeping), but in business, you say 'infure ga susunde iru'.
You say 'infure-ritsu' (インフレ率).
Yes, it is a standard professional term. If you want to sound extra formal, you can use 'infurēshon,' but 'infure' is acceptable.
The opposite is 'defure' (deflation).
Because Japan had almost no inflation for 30 years, so recent price increases are a big shock to the culture and economy.
You say 'infure-taisaku' (インフレ対策).
Test Yourself 180 questions
Write a simple sentence in Japanese saying 'Inflation is progressing.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Translate: 'Prices rose because of inflation.'
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Write a sentence using 'インフレ率' (inflation rate).
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Write a sentence using 'インフレ対策' (anti-inflation measures).
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Translate: 'Retirement funds are decreasing in value due to inflation.'
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Explain 'shrinkflation' in Japanese using the word 'インフレ'.
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Write a sentence about the Bank of Japan's inflation target.
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Translate: 'Inflation is a global phenomenon.'
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Write a sentence using 'インフレに強い' (strong against inflation).
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Translate: 'The weak yen is accelerating inflation.'
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Write a sentence using 'ハイパーインフレ'.
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Write a sentence about how inflation affects your daily life.
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Translate: 'There is a concern about an inflationary spiral.'
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Write a sentence using 'インフレ期待' (inflation expectations).
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Translate: 'We must curb excessive inflation.'
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Write a sentence about 'cost-push inflation'.
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Translate: 'Real wages are not keeping up with inflation.'
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Write a sentence using 'インフレ局面'.
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Translate: 'Inflation hits low-income households hard.'
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Write a sentence about the difference between 'infure' and 'defure'.
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Say 'Inflation is happening' in Japanese.
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Say 'Prices are high due to inflation' in Japanese.
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Ask 'Is the inflation rate rising?' in Japanese.
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Say 'I am worried about inflation' in Japanese.
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Say 'This is an anti-inflation measure' in Japanese.
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Say 'Inflation decreases the value of money' in Japanese.
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Say 'Wages are not keeping up with inflation' in Japanese.
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Say 'Inflation is a global problem' in Japanese.
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Say 'I want to buy assets strong against inflation' in Japanese.
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Say 'The news is talking about inflation every day' in Japanese.
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Say 'Hyperinflation is scary, isn't it?' in Japanese.
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Say 'Recently, inflation is really terrible' in Japanese.
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Say 'This game is power-creeping (infure)' in Japanese.
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Say 'Let's discuss the inflation outlook' in Japanese.
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Say 'Curbing inflation is the bank's job' in Japanese.
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Say 'Inflation affects everyone' in Japanese.
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Say 'Prices are rising due to the weak yen and inflation' in Japanese.
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Say 'Inflation is finally starting in Japan' in Japanese.
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Say 'My savings are decreasing in value' in Japanese.
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Say 'Inflation is a complex phenomenon' in Japanese.
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Listen and identify the keyword: '最近、インフレの影響で電気代が上がりました。'
Listen and identify: 'インフレ率の目標は2パーセントです。'
Listen and identify: 'デフレではなく、今はインフレの時代です。'
Listen and identify: '政府のインフレ対策が注目されています。'
Listen and identify: 'ハイパーインフレは経済を破壊します。'
Listen and identify: 'インフレが進むと購買力が落ちます。'
Listen and identify: 'インフレ期待が高まっています。'
Listen and identify: 'コストプッシュ・インフレの懸念があります。'
Listen and identify: '資産をインフレから守りましょう。'
Listen and identify: 'インフレ局面での投資戦略。'
Listen and identify: 'インフレが加速しています。'
Listen and identify: 'インフレを抑制する必要があります。'
Listen and identify: 'このゲームは完全にインフレした。'
Listen and identify: 'インフレヘッジとしての金。'
Listen and identify: 'インフレの波が来ています。'
Write a sentence using 'インフレスパイラル'.
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/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word インフレ (infure) is the most common way to say 'inflation' in Japanese. Use it to discuss rising prices (物価上昇) or the economic climate. Remember it is a noun, often paired with verbs like 進む (to progress) or 抑える (to curb). Example: インフレで生活が苦しい (Life is hard due to inflation).
- Infure is the standard Japanese word for inflation, used in news and daily life.
- It is a katakana loanword shortened from the full term 'infurēshon'.
- It describes the economic state where prices rise and money loses its value.
- The word is essential for understanding current Japanese social and economic trends.
Short vs Long
Always use 'infure' when talking to friends or coworkers. Using 'infurēshon' is like wearing a tuxedo to a casual lunch.
The 'N' sound
The 'n' in 'infure' is nasal. Don't pronounce it like a clear 'na' or 'ni'. It should blend into the 'fu'.
Particle Choice
Use 'de' to say 'because of inflation' (e.g., Infure de...). Use 'ni' to say 'strong against inflation' (e.g., Infure ni tsuyoi).
The Deflation Mindset
Remember that many Japanese people are used to prices never changing. When you talk about 'infure,' you are talking about a major cultural shift.
Example
インフレの影響で、食料品の価格が急騰している。
Related Content
More economics words
累積
B1The act of accumulating or the state of being accumulated over time. Often used for totals that grow steadily.
付加価値
B2Added value. The extra value created by a company or individual through processing, branding, or services beyond the original cost of materials.
便益
B2The benefit, utility, or advantage that individuals or society gain from a service, product, or policy. Often used in formal cost-benefit analyses.
資本主義
B2An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
徴収
B2The act of collecting money, such as taxes, fees, or fines, by an authority or organization.
消費
A1The act of using resources, energy, money, or time to satisfy needs or desires. In an economic context, it refers specifically to the spending of money on goods and services by individuals or households.
貨幣
B1A medium of exchange in the form of coins and banknotes; money or currency.
債務不履行
B2Failure to fulfill the obligations of a debt; default. It is often used in the context of national economies (sovereign default) or large-scale corporate finance.
先進国
B2A sovereign state that has a high quality of life, a developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure. These nations are typically contrasted with developing countries in academic discussions.
発展途上国
B2A nation with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.