Use 'mijikai' to describe something that lacks sufficient length or duration.
Word in 30 Seconds
- Used for physical length or duration of time.
- Commonly used to describe hair, pencils, or meetings.
- Focuses on the short end of a measurement scale.
概要:「みじかい」は、物理的な長さや、時間の経過が少ないことを指す基本的な形容詞です。空間的な距離や、ある出来事が終わるまでの期間など、幅広い状況で使用されます。
- 1使用パターン:名詞を修飾する場合、「みじかい鉛筆」「みじかい時間」のように「みじかい+名詞」の形をとります。述語として使う場合は「この鉛筆はみじかいです」のように活用します。また、副詞的に使う場合は「みじかく切る」のように「く」をつけて活用します。
一般的な文脈:日常会話では、髪の毛の長さ(ショートヘア)、休暇の期間、あるいは会議の長さなどを話題にする際によく登場します。また、比喩的に「命がみじかい」といった表現にも使われます。
- 1類語との比較:「ちいさい」はサイズ全体を指しますが、「みじかい」は特定の方向(長さ)に焦点を当てています。例えば、背が低い場合は「せがひくい」と言い、「みじかい」は使いません。また、「すくない」は量や回数に関係し、時間の長さには「みじかい」を使うのが一般的です。
Examples
髪をみじかく切りました。
everydayI cut my hair short.
会議がみじかかったので助かりました。
formalThe meeting was short, so it helped.
休みがみじかい。
informalThe vacation is short.
この文章は非常にみじかい。
academicThis text is very short.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
三日坊主
Giving up easily (short-lived interest)
短気は損気
Short temper is a loss
短時間
Short time
Often Confused With
Sukuna-i refers to quantity or frequency, whereas mijikai refers to dimension or duration. You use sukuna-i for counting objects, not for measuring length.
Hikui is for vertical height. Mijikai is for horizontal length or time span.
Grammar Patterns
How to Use It
Usage Notes
Mijikai is a standard adjective used in all registers. It is highly versatile for both physical objects and abstract concepts like time. Ensure you follow standard i-adjective conjugation rules.
Common Mistakes
Learners often use mijikai for height, which is incorrect. Another common error is using it for the number of people, where 'sukunai' should be used instead.
Tips
Focus on the direction of measurement
Think of 'mijikai' as a horizontal line or a duration of time. If you can measure it with a ruler or a clock, 'mijikai' is likely the right choice.
Do not use for height
Never use 'mijikai' for human height or building height. Always use 'hikui' for height in a vertical context.
Short hair and style
In Japan, 'mijikai kami' (short hair) is often associated with cleanliness and professionalism. It is a common descriptor in fashion and workplace grooming standards.
Word Origin
Derived from the classical Japanese 'mijika'. It has been used since the Heian period to describe both physical shortness and brief time spans.
Cultural Context
In Japanese culture, 'mijikai' is often used in the context of 'shun' (seasonal peak), implying that the best time for something is short and should be enjoyed immediately.
Memory Tip
Think of a 'Midget' who is 'mijikai' (short). This helps associate the sound with the meaning of shortness.
Frequently Asked Questions
4 questions「みじかい」は長さや時間を指し、「ひくい」は高さや音程を指します。身長や山の高さには「ひくい」を使い、髪の毛や鉛筆の長さには「みじかい」を使います。
対義語は「ながい」です。長さや時間が十分にあることを意味します。
動詞を修飾するときに使います。例えば「髪をみじかく切る」のように、動作の結果として短くなる状態を表す際に便利です。
身体の一部(髪や爪)には使えますが、人そのものに対しては使いません。人を指す場合は「せがひくい」などを使います。
Test Yourself
この鉛筆はもう___から、新しいのを使いましょう。
鉛筆の長さについて話しているため、「みじかい」が適切です。
Score: /1
Summary
Use 'mijikai' to describe something that lacks sufficient length or duration.
- Used for physical length or duration of time.
- Commonly used to describe hair, pencils, or meetings.
- Focuses on the short end of a measurement scale.
Focus on the direction of measurement
Think of 'mijikai' as a horizontal line or a duration of time. If you can measure it with a ruler or a clock, 'mijikai' is likely the right choice.
Do not use for height
Never use 'mijikai' for human height or building height. Always use 'hikui' for height in a vertical context.
Short hair and style
In Japan, 'mijikai kami' (short hair) is often associated with cleanliness and professionalism. It is a common descriptor in fashion and workplace grooming standards.
Examples
4 of 4髪をみじかく切りました。
I cut my hair short.
会議がみじかかったので助かりました。
The meeting was short, so it helped.
休みがみじかい。
The vacation is short.
この文章は非常にみじかい。
This text is very short.
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
Related Vocabulary
More general words
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
~について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
~ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
ごろ
A2About, approximately (time).
うえ
A2At a higher position than.
絶対
B1Absolutely; definitely; never.
絶対に
B1Absolutely; definitely.