A2 Determiners 1 min read 简单

Demonstrative Pronouns

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'Бұл' for things near you, 'Сол' for things previously mentioned, and 'Ол' for things far away.

  • Бұл (this): Use for items close to the speaker. Example: Бұл — кітап (This is a book).
  • Сол (that/the): Use for items already mentioned or in sight. Example: Сол үй үлкен (That house is big).
  • Ол (that/it): Use for items far away or distant in time. Example: Ол — менің досым (That is my friend).
Бұл/Сол/Ол + [Noun] + [Suffix/Copula]

Meanings

Demonstratives in Kazakh function as both pronouns (replacing a noun) and determiners (modifying a noun). They indicate the physical or mental distance of an object from the speaker.

1

Proximity

Indicating objects within immediate reach.

“Бұл — алма.”

“Бұл жерде суық.”

2

Reference

Referring to something previously discussed.

“Сол адам келді.”

“Сол күні жаңбыр жауды.”

3

Distance

Indicating objects far from both speaker and listener.

“Ол тау биік.”

“Ол жақта кім бар?”

Demonstrative Pronoun Usage

Pronoun Meaning Proximity Usage Type
Бұл This Near Determiner/Pronoun
Сол That (the) Mentioned Determiner/Pronoun
Ол That/He/She/It Far Determiner/Pronoun

Reference Table

Reference table for Demonstrative Pronouns
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Бұл + Noun Бұл кітап
Negative Бұл + Noun + емес Бұл кітап емес
Question Бұл + Noun + ба? Бұл кітап па?
Plural Бұлар + Noun Бұлар — кітаптар
Case (Dative) Бұған Бұған қара
Case (Ablative) Бұдан Бұдан артық

正式程度

正式
Бұл — менің үйім.

Бұл — менің үйім. (Introducing home)

中性
Бұл — менің үйім.

Бұл — менің үйім. (Introducing home)

非正式
Бұл — менің үйім.

Бұл — менің үйім. (Introducing home)

俚语
Мынау — менің үйім.

Мынау — менің үйім. (Introducing home)

Demonstrative Proximity

Speaker

Near

  • Бұл This

Mentioned

  • Сол That/The

Far

  • Ол That/He/She
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按水平分级的例句

1

Бұл — кітап.

This is a book.

2

Ол — менің үйім.

That is my house.

3

Бұл — алма ма?

Is this an apple?

4

Ол — үлкен.

That is big.

1

Сол күні біз демалдық.

That day we rested.

2

Бұл жерде суық емес.

It is not cold here.

3

Ол адамды танисың ба?

Do you know that person?

4

Сол кітапты оқыдың ба?

Did you read that book?

1

Бұған сену қиын.

It is hard to believe this.

2

Сол себепті мен келмедім.

For that reason, I did not come.

3

Ол жақта жағдай қалай?

How is the situation over there?

4

Бұл мәселені шешу керек.

This problem must be solved.

1

Сол уақыттан бері көп өзгерді.

Much has changed since that time.

2

Бұл — өте маңызды сұрақ.

This is a very important question.

3

Ол — менің ойымша, дұрыс емес.

That, in my opinion, is not correct.

4

Сол бағытта жүріңіз.

Walk in that direction.

1

Бұл — біздің болашағымыз.

This is our future.

2

Сол кездегі жағдай мүлдем басқа еді.

The situation at that time was completely different.

3

Ол жақтың мәдениеті ерекше.

The culture of that place is unique.

4

Бұдан артық не керек?

What more is needed than this?

1

Сол бір сәтте бәрі өзгерді.

In that very moment, everything changed.

2

Бұл — тарихи шындық.

This is historical truth.

3

Ол — өзінің қағидаларына адал.

He is loyal to his principles.

4

Бұған дейін біз білмеген едік.

Before this, we did not know.

容易混淆

Demonstrative Pronouns 对比 Ол vs. Сол

Both mean 'that', but 'Сол' implies shared knowledge.

Demonstrative Pronouns 对比 Бұл vs. Мына

Both mean 'this'.

Demonstrative Pronouns 对比 Pronoun vs. Determiner

Learners try to decline the demonstrative when it's just a determiner.

常见错误

✗

Бұлы кітап

✓

Бұл кітап

Do not add suffixes to the demonstrative.
✗

Ол кітап — бұл

✓

Бұл — кітап

Word order is important.
✗

Бұл — менің

✓

Бұл — менікі

Missing possessive suffix.
✗

Ол — кітаптар

✓

Олар — кітаптар

Plural agreement.
✗

Сол — кітап

✓

Бұл — кітап

Using 'Сол' for something in hand.
✗

Ол — кітап па?

✓

Бұл — кітап па?

Using 'Ол' for immediate objects.
✗

Бұл — адамдар

✓

Бұлар — адамдар

Plural demonstrative needed.
✗

Бұған кітап

✓

Бұл кітап

Using dative case for a simple determiner.
✗

Сол — менің досым

✓

Ол — менің досым

Using 'Сол' for a person who is far away.
✗

Бұдан кейін

✓

Содан кейін

Wrong reference pronoun for time.
✗

Бұл — өте алыс

✓

Ол — өте алыс

Using 'Бұл' for distant objects.
✗

Сол — менің үйім

✓

Ол — менің үйім

Using 'Сол' for a distant house.
✗

Бұлар — олар

✓

Бұлар — мыналар

Using wrong plural form.

句型

Бұл ___.

Сол ___ қызық.

Ол ___ алыс.

Бұл ___ емес.

Real World Usage

Shopping constant

Бұл қанша?

Texting very common

Сол жерде кездесеміз.

Classroom common

Бұл — дұрыс жауап.

Directions common

Ол жаққа жүріңіз.

Social Media common

Сол күнгі суреттер.

Job Interview occasional

Бұл жұмысқа дайынмын.

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💡

Use the context

If you are unsure, use 'Ол' as it is the most versatile.
⚠️

Don't decline determiners

Keep 'Бұл', 'Сол', 'Ол' in their base form when they modify a noun.
🎯

The 'Сол' trick

Use 'Сол' to sound like a native speaker when referring to past topics.
💬

Politeness

Avoid pointing at people with 'Ол'; it can be seen as rude.

Smart Tips

Always use 'Сол' instead of 'Бұл'.

Бұл күні біз оқыдық. → Сол күні біз оқыдық.

Use 'Бұлар' or 'Олар' instead of 'Бұл' or 'Ол'.

Бұл адамдар келді. → Бұлар келді.

Use the 'ba/be' suffix.

Бұл кітап? → Бұл кітап па?

Use 'Ол' to emphasize distance.

Бұл тау биік. → Ол тау биік.

发音

bʊl

Vowel Harmony

Demonstratives like 'Бұл' have back vowels, so following suffixes must also be back.

Question

Бұл кітап па? ↑

Rising intonation for yes/no questions.

记住它

记忆技巧

Бұл is for the 'Bull' in your hand, Сол is for the 'Soul' we talked about, Ол is for the 'All' that is far away.

视觉联想

Imagine holding an apple (Бұл), pointing to a photo of a friend we discussed (Сол), and pointing to a mountain on the horizon (Ол).

Rhyme

Бұл is near, Сол is clear, Ол is far, like a star.

Story

I hold this apple (Бұл). I remember the apple we ate yesterday (Сол). I see the apple tree far away (Ол).

Word Web

БұлСолОлБұларСоларОлар

挑战

Point to 3 things in your room and say 'Бұл [item]'. Then point to 3 things outside and say 'Ол [item]'.

文化笔记

Using 'Ол' for elders is considered rude; use their name or title instead.

These pronouns evolved from ancient Turkic deictic roots.

对话开场白

“

Бұл не?

“

Сол кітап қызық па?

“

Ол жақта ауа райы қандай?

“

Бұл мәселені қалай шешеміз?

日记主题

Describe your room using 'Бұл'.
Talk about a book you read recently using 'Сол'.
Describe a place you want to visit using 'Ол'.
Compare your past and present using 'Бұл' and 'Сол'.
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Test Yourself

Fill in the blank with the correct demonstrative.

___ — менің досым (near).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл
Near distance requires 'Бұл'.
Choose the correct demonstrative. 多项选择

___ кітапты кеше оқыдым.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Сол
Reference to past requires 'Сол'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Бұлы кітап қызық.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл кітап қызық
Remove suffix from demonstrative.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл кітап қызық.
Standard order is Demonstrative + Noun + Adjective.
Translate to Kazakh. 翻译

That (far) is a mountain.

Answer starts with: Ол ...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ол — тау.
Far distance requires 'Ол'.
Match the demonstrative to its meaning. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This, That(ref), That(far)
Correct mapping of proximity.
Select the correct form. 多项选择

___ адамдарды танисың ба?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұлар
Plural noun requires plural demonstrative.
Fill in the blank.

___ себепті мен кешіктім.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Сол
Reference to a reason requires 'Сол'.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct demonstrative.

___ — менің досым (near).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл
Near distance requires 'Бұл'.
Choose the correct demonstrative. 多项选择

___ кітапты кеше оқыдым.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Сол
Reference to past requires 'Сол'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Бұлы кітап қызық.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл кітап қызық
Remove suffix from demonstrative.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

кітап / Бұл / қызық / .

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұл кітап қызық.
Standard order is Demonstrative + Noun + Adjective.
Translate to Kazakh. 翻译

That (far) is a mountain.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ол — тау.
Far distance requires 'Ол'.
Match the demonstrative to its meaning. Match Pairs

Бұл, Сол, Ол

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This, That(ref), That(far)
Correct mapping of proximity.
Select the correct form. 多项选择

___ адамдарды танисың ба?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Бұлар
Plural noun requires plural demonstrative.
Fill in the blank.

___ себепті мен кешіктім.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Сол
Reference to a reason requires 'Сол'.

Score: /8

常见问题 (8)

Yes, but it's informal. Use names or titles for respect.

It's the primary way to refer to previous topics in conversation.

Yes, it becomes 'Олар'.

Use 'Ол' as a safe default.

Yes, 'Мына' and 'Ана' exist but are less common.

Yes, they are essential for cohesion.

Demonstratives don't take suffixes when modifying nouns.

Add 'ba/be' to the noun: 'Бұл кітап па?'

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

este/ese/aquel

Spanish has gender agreement; Kazakh does not.

Japanese high

kore/sore/are

Japanese particles are more complex.

German moderate

dieser/jener

German has case and gender agreement.

French moderate

ce/cet/cette

French requires gender agreement.

Chinese low

zhè/nà

Chinese lacks case and gender.

Arabic moderate

hādha/dhālika

Arabic has gender and dual forms.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Demonstrative Adjectives

Related Grammar Rules

A0

Basic Demonstratives
A2

Demonstrative Adjectives
A2

Demonstrative Usage
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