단절되다
단절되다 in 30 Seconds
- A formal verb meaning 'to be cut off' or 'severed'.
- Used for relationships, communication, electricity, and traditions.
- Passive form of 단절하다; subject is the thing being cut.
- Common in news, academic writing, and formal social contexts.
The Korean verb 단절되다 (dan-jeol-doe-da) is a sophisticated term used to describe the state of being severed, cut off, or disconnected. It is a passive verb derived from the Hanja roots 斷 (단 - to cut) and 絶 (절 - to end/sever), combined with the auxiliary verb 되다 (to become). Unlike the simple verb '끊기다', which can refer to a string breaking or a phone call dropping in a casual context, 단절되다 carries a weightier, often more abstract or formal connotation. It is frequently employed in social, historical, and technical contexts to describe the cessation of a flow that was once continuous.
- Social Context
- It is most commonly used to describe the breakdown of human relationships or communication. For example, when two people stop speaking entirely, or when a generation gap becomes so wide that understanding is lost, we say communication has been '단절되었다'.
현대 사회에서 이웃 간의 대화가 단절되는 경우가 많습니다. (In modern society, there are many cases where conversation between neighbors is cut off.)
- Physical and Technical Context
- In technical terms, it refers to the interruption of a supply or connection, such as electricity, water, or internet traffic, particularly when the interruption is significant or systemic.
폭설로 인해 산간 마을의 교통이 외부와 단절되었다. (Due to heavy snow, the mountain village's traffic was cut off from the outside world.)
- Historical and Cultural Context
- Historians use it to describe periods where a lineage or a cultural practice was stopped. If a traditional craft has no more masters to teach it, the tradition is said to be '단절되다'.
전쟁 중에 수많은 전통문화가 단절되었다. (During the war, numerous traditional cultures were severed/lost.)
In summary, while '끊기다' is the everyday word for 'to be cut', 단절되다 is the word of choice for newspapers, academic papers, and deep personal reflections on isolation and the lack of continuity.
Using 단절되다 correctly requires understanding its passive nature. Since it ends in '되다', the subject of the sentence is the entity that is experiencing the disconnection. It is rarely used with an object marker (~을/를). Instead, you use the subject markers (~이/가).
- With Relationships
- When describing social isolation, the subject is usually '관계' (relationship) or '소통' (communication).
가족 간의 대화가 단절되면 오해가 생기기 쉽습니다. (If communication between family members is cut off, misunderstandings are likely to occur.)
- With Resources
- When a supply of energy or information is stopped, 단절되다 emphasizes the totality of the break.
섬 지역은 태풍이 오면 외부 소식이 단절되기도 합니다. (On islands, news from the outside can sometimes be cut off when a typhoon hits.)
- Abstract Concepts
- It is used for the 'flow' of thoughts or the 'continuity' of time.
너무 놀라서 사고의 흐름이 잠시 단절되었다. (I was so surprised that my train of thought was momentarily severed.)
When you want to describe the ACT of cutting something off, use the active form 단절하다. For example, '관계를 단절하다' (to sever a relationship). However, '단절되다' is much more common when describing the resulting state of isolation.
You will encounter 단절되다 in various professional and daily settings. It is a staple of news broadcasts, particularly when reporting on disasters, international relations, or social trends. If a country breaks diplomatic ties with another, the news anchor will say '국교가 단절되었습니다'.
- The News and Media
- Reporters use it to describe 'social isolation' (사회적 단절) among the elderly or the 'severance of supply chains' (공급망 단절) in the global economy.
남북 간의 통신 연락선이 다시 단절되었습니다. (The communication lines between North and South Korea have been severed again.)
- In Literature and Drama
- In K-Dramas, a character might lament how they feel 'disconnected' from their family or society. It emphasizes a deep, painful loneliness rather than just being 'busy'.
나는 세상과 단절된 기분이야. (I feel like I'm cut off from the world.)
- Technical Reports
- In engineering or IT, it refers to a complete loss of signal or power that requires intervention.
서버 점검 중에는 데이터 전송이 단절될 수 있습니다. (Data transmission may be interrupted during server maintenance.)
Because it is a B2/C1 level word, you won't hear it in very simple cartoons, but it is everywhere in newspapers, documentaries, and serious adult conversations.
One of the most common mistakes learners make with 단절되다 is using it for small, everyday physical objects. You wouldn't say your shoelace is '단절되었다' if it broke; you would say '끊어졌다'. 단절되다 is reserved for things that are meant to be continuous flows or systems.
- Mistake 1: Misusing the Active vs. Passive
- Learners often use '단절되다' when they mean they actively cut something off. If YOU decided to stop talking to someone, you should use '단절했다'. '단절되었다' implies it happened to you or it's a general state.
Incorrect: 나는 그 친구와 소통을 단절되었다.
Correct: 나는 그 친구와 소통이 단절되었다.
- Mistake 2: Overusing it for simple 'breaks'
- If your internet is just a bit slow or cuts out for a second, '인터넷이 끊겨요' is more natural. '인터넷이 단절되었다' sounds like a major infrastructure failure.
- Mistake 3: Particles
- Don't forget the '와/과' particle. You aren't just 'cut off'; you are 'cut off FROM' something. Using '에서' is sometimes possible but '와/과' is the standard for relationships.
사회와 단절되다 (To be cut off from society).
Mastering these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a textbook translator.
Korean has several ways to say 'cut off'. Choosing the right one depends on the formality and the nature of what is being cut.
- 단절되다 vs. 끊기다
- 끊기다 is the general, everyday passive verb. Use it for phone calls, shoelaces, or internet. 단절되다 is for systemic, social, or historical breaks.
- 단절되다 vs. 중단되다
- 중단되다 means 'to be suspended' or 'to stop in the middle'. It often implies a temporary pause. 단절되다 implies a more permanent or severe severance.
- 단절되다 vs. 격리되다
- 격리되다 means 'to be isolated' or 'to be quarantined'. While '단절되다' focuses on the break in connection, '격리되다' focuses on the physical or social separation of a person from a group.
Comparison: '대화가 단절되다' (Conversation is cut off) vs. '대화가 중단되다' (Conversation is paused/stopped).
In academic writing, you might also see 차단되다 (to be blocked/cut off), which is often used for blocking signals, paths, or access.
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The character 絶 (절) also appears in '절대' (absolute), meaning something so finished or extreme that nothing else compares.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing '단절' as '단저' (dropping the final l).
- Confusing the 'doe' sound with 'du'.
- Over-aspirating the 'd' sounds.
Difficulty Rating
Common in news and books, requires Hanja knowledge for deep understanding.
Requires correct particle usage (와/과) and passive voice understanding.
Used in serious discussions; '끊기다' is more common in casual speech.
Essential for understanding news broadcasts and documentaries.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Passive verbs with -되다
연결하다 -> 연결되다, 단절하다 -> 단절되다
Particles 와/과 for 'with/from'
세상과 단절되다
Noun + 로 인해 (Due to)
사고로 인해 단절되다
Adjective form -ㄴ/은
단절된 관계
State of being -어 있다
단절되어 있다
Examples by Level
전화가 단절되었어요.
The phone was cut off.
Simple past tense.
길이 단절되었습니다.
The road is cut off.
Formal ending.
전기가 단절되었어요.
The electricity was cut off.
Subject + 이/가.
물 공급이 단절되었습니다.
The water supply was cut off.
Noun + 이/가.
인터넷이 단절되었어요.
The internet was cut off.
Common daily use.
연락이 단절되었습니다.
Contact was cut off.
Abstract noun.
흐름이 단절되었어요.
The flow was cut off.
Basic structure.
가스가 단절되었습니다.
The gas was cut off.
Formal.
폭설로 도로가 단절되었습니다.
The road was cut off due to heavy snow.
Reason + 로/으로.
친구와 연락이 단절되었어요.
I lost contact with my friend.
With particle 와/과.
이 마을은 외부와 단절되어 있어요.
This village is cut off from the outside.
State of being (-어 있다).
뉴스가 갑자기 단절되었습니다.
The news was suddenly cut off.
Adverb + 단절되다.
대화가 단절되어서 슬퍼요.
I'm sad because the conversation was cut off.
Reason + 어서/아서.
기차가 단절되어 못 가요.
The train (service) is cut off, so I can't go.
Causality.
전통이 단절되면 안 됩니다.
Tradition must not be cut off.
Conditional + 면.
관계가 단절되지 않게 노력해요.
Try so that the relationship isn't cut off.
Negative form -지 않다.
현대인은 이웃과 단절된 삶을 삽니다.
Modern people live lives cut off from their neighbors.
Adjective form (단절된).
사고로 인해 전기가 완전히 단절되었다.
Due to an accident, the electricity was completely cut off.
Formal written style.
부모님과 대화가 단절된 지 오래됐다.
It's been a long time since communication with my parents was cut off.
Time duration (-ㄴ 지 오래됐다).
회사가 어려워져서 지원이 단절되었다.
The company got into trouble, so support was cut off.
Passive result.
역사의 흐름이 여기서 단절되었습니다.
The flow of history was severed here.
Metaphorical use.
인터넷이 단절되면 업무를 할 수 없다.
If the internet is cut off, you cannot work.
Conditional.
사회가 개인을 단절시키기도 합니다.
Society sometimes causes individuals to be cut off.
Causative form (단절시키다).
전통 기술이 단절될 위기에 처했다.
Traditional technology is in danger of being cut off.
Noun phrase + 위기.
세대 간의 소통이 단절되는 것이 큰 문제다.
The breakdown of communication between generations is a big problem.
Gerund form (-는 것).
결혼 후 경력이 단절된 여성이 많습니다.
There are many women whose careers were interrupted after marriage.
Career interruption (경력 단절).
전쟁으로 인해 국교가 단절되었습니다.
Diplomatic ties were severed due to the war.
Diplomatic context.
그는 세상과 단절된 채 산속에서 산다.
He lives in the mountains, cut off from the world.
State of being (-ㄴ 채).
기술의 발전이 인간관계를 단절시키기도 한다.
The development of technology sometimes severs human relationships.
Causative nuance.
공급망이 단절되어 물가가 폭등했다.
The supply chain was severed, causing prices to skyrocket.
Economic context.
전통문화가 단절되지 않도록 계승해야 한다.
We must inherit traditional culture so it isn't cut off.
Purpose (-도록).
갑작스러운 사고로 의식이 단절되었다.
Consciousness was severed due to a sudden accident.
Medical/Psychological use.
도시화는 인간을 자연으로부터 단절시켰다.
Urbanization has severed humans from nature.
Active/Causative shift.
과거와의 단절 없이는 새로운 미래도 없다.
Without a break from the past, there is no new future.
Philosophical context.
정보의 단절은 사회적 불평등을 초래한다.
The disconnection of information causes social inequality.
Sociological analysis.
문맥이 단절되어 글의 의미를 알 수 없다.
The context is severed, so the meaning of the writing cannot be known.
Literary analysis.
디지털 격차로 인해 정보 단절이 심화되고 있다.
Information disconnection is deepening due to the digital divide.
Progressive form (-고 있다).
그의 논리는 중간에 단절되어 설득력이 없다.
His logic is severed in the middle, so it lacks persuasion.
Logical critique.
전통적인 공동체 의식이 현대에 와서 단절되었다.
The traditional sense of community has been severed in modern times.
Historical shift.
혈연 관계가 단절되는 아픔을 겪었다.
I experienced the pain of blood relations being severed.
Emotional/Personal context.
존재와 사유의 단절은 근대 철학의 화두였다.
The severance between existence and thought was a topic of modern philosophy.
Academic terminology.
언어의 단절은 곧 문화의 소멸을 의미한다.
The severance of language means the extinction of culture.
Logical equivalence.
그 작가는 서사의 단절을 통해 소외를 표현했다.
The author expressed alienation through the severance of narrative.
Literary criticism.
역사적 연속성이 단절된 민족은 정체성을 잃는다.
A nation whose historical continuity is severed loses its identity.
Political philosophy.
기술 관료주의는 인간성을 생산 과정에서 단절시킨다.
Technocracy severs humanity from the production process.
Critical theory.
그의 시는 시각적 이미지의 단절을 실험적으로 보여준다.
His poetry experimentally shows the severance of visual images.
Artistic analysis.
생태계의 단절은 인류의 생존을 위협하는 요소다.
The severance of the ecosystem is a factor threatening human survival.
Environmental science.
의식의 단절을 경험하는 해리 장애 환자들이 있다.
There are patients with dissociative disorders who experience the severance of consciousness.
Medical/Psychological.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— A feeling of being cut off. Used when describing loneliness.
사회와 단절된 느낌을 받아요.
— Severed history. Refers to gaps in historical records or continuity.
단절된 역사를 복원해야 합니다.
— An isolated or cut-off space.
그곳은 외부와 단절된 공간이다.
— Disconnection of information flow.
정보의 단절은 오해를 낳는다.
— Generation gap/disconnection.
세대 간의 단절을 극복해야 한다.
— Loss of context.
맥락의 단절 때문에 이해가 안 된다.
— Complete disconnection.
과거와의 완전한 단절을 선언했다.
— Temporary disconnection.
통신망의 일시적 단절이 있었다.
— Cultural severance.
급격한 변화로 문화적 단절이 일어났다.
— Psychological disconnection.
그는 타인과 심리적 단절을 느낀다.
Often Confused With
More casual and physical. '단절되다' is more formal and abstract.
Implies a pause or stopping an action. '단절되다' implies a break in connection.
Focuses on 'blocking' access or signals, whereas '단절되다' is the 'severance' of a link.
Idioms & Expressions
— To build a wall with the world. Similar to being '단절되다'.
그는 사고 이후 세상과 담을 쌓고 지낸다.
Informal/Idiomatic— The string is cut. Refers to losing a connection or supporter.
후원자와 끈이 떨어져서 힘들다.
Informal— To cut the bridge. To stop visiting or communicating with someone.
그 집과는 다리를 끊은 지 오래다.
Informal— News is cut off. No more contact.
고향 친구와 소식이 끊겼다.
Neutral— To stop visiting a place.
단골 식당에 발길을 끊었다.
Neutral— To sever ties/relationships.
그와는 인연을 끊기로 했다.
Neutral— To be speechless. A momentary '단절' of speech.
너무 당황해서 말문이 막혔다.
Neutral— The pulse/flow is cut. Used for traditions or sequences.
가업의 맥이 끊기면 안 된다.
Formal— To be uprooted. A severe form of being cut off from origins.
전통의 뿌리가 뽑히고 있다.
Metaphorical— To put up a wall. To create a '단절' intentionally.
그녀는 사람들에게 벽을 치는 경향이 있다.
InformalEasily Confused
Both share Hanja '절'.
절단되다 is usually for physical cutting (like a wire or a limb). 단절되다 is for flows and relationships.
손가락이 절단되었다 (Physical) vs. 관계가 단절되었다 (Social).
Both mean cut off.
두절되다 is specifically used for communication/news (소식, 연락). 단절되다 is broader.
소식이 두절되었다.
Both involve separation.
분리되다 is 'to be separated' into parts. 단절되다 is the 'break' in the link between parts.
쓰레기가 분리되었다.
Both imply isolation.
고립되다 is the state of being alone. 단절되다 is the process/state of the connection being gone.
섬에 고립되었다.
Both mean things are closed off.
폐쇄되다 is for buildings or systems being 'closed'. 단절되다 is for the 'link' being gone.
공항이 폐쇄되었다.
Sentence Patterns
A와 B가 단절되다
나와 친구가 단절되었다.
N(이/가) 완전히 단절되다
전기가 완전히 단절되었다.
N(이/가) 단절된 지 (시간)이 되다
연락이 단절된 지 5년이 되었다.
N의 단절을 초래하다
오해가 소통의 단절을 초래했다.
N(으)로부터 단절되다
사회로부터 단절되다.
단절된 N을 복구하다
단절된 통신을 복구하다.
N의 단절을 막다
전통의 단절을 막아야 한다.
N(이/가) 단절될 위기에 처하다
공급이 단절될 위기에 처했다.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
High in news, medium-high in adult conversation.
-
Using 을/를 with 단절되다.
→
Using 이/가 with 단절되다.
단절되다 is passive; it cannot take an object.
-
Saying '고무줄이 단절되었다'.
→
Saying '고무줄이 끊어졌다'.
단절되다 is not for simple physical items like rubber bands.
-
Confusing it with '단결되다' (to be united).
→
단절되다 (cut) vs. 단결되다 (united).
One letter change (절 vs 결) changes the meaning to the opposite!
-
Using '에서' instead of '와/과' for people.
→
친구와 단절되다.
When cut off from a person, '와/과' is the standard particle.
-
Using it for a short pause.
→
Using '중단되다' for a short pause.
단절되다 implies a more significant or permanent break.
Tips
Check the Subject
Ensure the subject is something that can be 'severed' like a relationship or a supply.
Learn with Nouns
Memorize it with '소통', '관계', and '경력' for the most natural usage.
Formal Situations
Use this word in essays or presentations to sound more sophisticated.
Clear Syllables
Don't rush the word; each syllable should be clear: dan-jeol-doe-da.
Societal Issues
Watch Korean news to see how they use '단절' when discussing social problems.
Passive Voice
Remember that '되다' makes it passive. You don't need to say who cut it if it's not important.
vs. 끊기다
If it's a physical object breaking, use '끊어지다'. If it's a system, use '단절되다'.
Modern Korea
Understand '경단녀' to understand a major part of modern Korean social discourse.
D-Disconnect
Associate the 'D' in 'Dan' with 'Disconnect' to remember the meaning.
Drama Contexts
Notice how characters use it to express feeling lonely or isolated from others.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'Dan' (단) as 'Done' and 'Jeol' (절) as 'Jail'. If you are in jail, your connection to the world is DONE (단절되다).
Visual Association
Imagine a bridge that has a huge gap in the middle. The two sides cannot reach each other. That gap is '단절'.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to write a sentence about a 'career break' (경력 단절) and one about 'losing touch with a friend' using '단절되다'.
Word Origin
Derived from Sino-Korean (Hanja). 斷 (단) means 'to cut/sever' and 絶 (절) means 'to end/finish/sever'.
Original meaning: To completely cut off the flow or link of something.
Sino-KoreanCultural Context
Be sensitive when using this word regarding North/South Korean relations or family estrangement, as it implies a deep and often painful break.
While English uses 'cut off' for both physical and social things, Korean uses '단절되다' to sound more serious or systemic.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Relationships
- 가족과 단절되다
- 친구와 연락이 단절되다
- 관계를 단절하다
- 소통이 단절되다
Technology
- 전기가 단절되다
- 인터넷이 단절되다
- 신호가 단절되다
- 공급이 단절되다
Society
- 사회와 단절되다
- 이웃과 단절된 삶
- 정보의 단절
- 문화적 단절
Work
- 경력이 단절되다
- 업무가 단절되다
- 지원이 단절되다
- 연락망이 단절되다
History/Tradition
- 전통이 단절되다
- 맥이 단절되다
- 역사가 단절되다
- 계보가 단절되다
Conversation Starters
"요즘 세대 간의 대화가 단절되는 이유가 무엇이라고 생각하세요?"
"경력 단절 여성을 돕기 위해 사회는 어떤 노력을 해야 할까요?"
"인터넷이 하루 동안 단절된다면 어떤 일이 벌어질까요?"
"친구와 오해로 연락이 단절된 적이 있나요?"
"전통 문화가 단절되지 않으려면 우리가 무엇을 해야 할까요?"
Journal Prompts
내가 세상과 단절되었다고 느꼈던 순간에 대해 써 보세요.
기술의 발전이 사람 사이의 소통을 단절시킨다고 생각하는지 자신의 의견을 적어 보세요.
나의 경력이 단절되지 않기 위해 어떤 계획을 세우고 있나요?
과거의 나 자신과 현재의 나 사이에 단절된 부분이 있다면 무엇인가요?
사회적 단절을 겪는 노인들을 돕는 방법에 대해 생각해 보세요.
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsYes, but it sounds very dramatic or technical. Use '끊기다' for everyday phone drops.
It refers to an interruption in one's career, usually due to personal life events like child-rearing.
Usually, yes, as it implies a break in something that should be continuous. However, one might '단절' themselves from a toxic environment positively.
단절하다 is active (someone cuts something); 단절되다 is passive (something is cut).
Yes, '수도가 단절되다' means the water supply is cut off.
Use '사회와 단절되다' or '사회로부터 단절되다'.
Yes, it is a standard Korean word used in both the North and South.
斷 (단 - sever) and 絶 (절 - cut off).
No, use '끊어지다' for a rope.
Yes, it is a very common word in TOPIK II reading and writing sections.
Test Yourself 191 questions
Write a sentence using '단절되다' to describe losing contact with a friend.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Write a sentence about a 'career break' (경력 단절).
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Translate: 'Communication between generations is cut off.'
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Write a sentence using '세상과 단절되다'.
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Write a sentence about a power outage using '단절되다'.
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Translate: 'Tradition must not be cut off.'
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Write a sentence about a road being blocked.
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Translate: 'The flow of information is severed.'
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Use '단절된' as an adjective for 'society'.
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Write a sentence about diplomatic ties.
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Translate: 'I feel disconnected from my family.'
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Write a sentence about a broken supply chain.
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Translate: 'His logic was severed in the middle.'
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Write a sentence about a historical gap.
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Translate: 'The news was suddenly cut off.'
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Use '단절될 위기' in a sentence.
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Write a sentence using '완전히 단절되다'.
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Translate: 'Disconnection causes loneliness.'
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Write a sentence about a server maintenance break.
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Translate: 'We must overcome the disconnection.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Pronounce: 단절되다
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Pronounce: 소통의 단절
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Pronounce: 경력 단절
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Say: 'Communication is cut off.'
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Say: 'I am cut off from the world.'
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Pronounce: 완전히 단절되다
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Say: 'Electricity was cut off.'
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Say: 'The road is cut off.'
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Pronounce: 단절된 관계
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Say: 'Contact was lost.'
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Pronounce: 단절되지 않게
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Say: 'Tradition is cut off.'
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Say: 'The flow is cut off.'
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Pronounce: 단절될 위기
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Say: 'News was cut off.'
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Say: 'Diplomatic ties were severed.'
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Pronounce: 단절된 역사
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Say: 'The internet is cut off.'
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Say: 'The supply is cut off.'
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Say: 'The context is cut off.'
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Listen and write: '전기가 단절되었습니다.'
Listen and write: '소통의 단절이 심각합니다.'
Listen and write: '외부와 단절된 삶.'
Listen and write: '경력 단절 여성.'
Listen and write: '관계가 단절되었다.'
Listen and write: '전통이 단절될 위기다.'
Listen and write: '연락이 단절된 지 오래다.'
Listen and write: '데이터 전송이 단절되었다.'
Listen and write: '국교가 단절되었습니다.'
Listen and write: '흐름이 단절되어 이해가 안 된다.'
Listen and write: '세상과 단절된 느낌.'
Listen and write: '교통이 단절되었습니다.'
Listen and write: '공급망이 단절되었습니다.'
Listen and write: '단절된 역사를 복원하자.'
Listen and write: '대화가 단절된 사회.'
/ 191 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
단절되다 is your 'go-to' word for describing serious disconnections, whether it's a 'career break' (경력 단절) or a 'breakdown in communication' (소통의 단절). It sounds more professional and impactful than the common word '끊기다'.
- A formal verb meaning 'to be cut off' or 'severed'.
- Used for relationships, communication, electricity, and traditions.
- Passive form of 단절하다; subject is the thing being cut.
- Common in news, academic writing, and formal social contexts.
Check the Subject
Ensure the subject is something that can be 'severed' like a relationship or a supply.
Learn with Nouns
Memorize it with '소통', '관계', and '경력' for the most natural usage.
Formal Situations
Use this word in essays or presentations to sound more sophisticated.
Clear Syllables
Don't rush the word; each syllable should be clear: dan-jeol-doe-da.
Example
도시화가 진행되면서 이웃 간의 대화가 단절되었다.
Related Content
More social issues words
옹호하다
B2To support or defend a person, idea, or cause, especially when it is being criticized by others.
주창하다
B2To take the lead in asserting or advocating for a specific doctrine, movement, or theory. It is more formal than simply 'suggesting' or 'claiming'.
가중시키다
B1To make a bad situation, burden, or pressure even worse or heavier.
소외되다
B2To be marginalized, excluded, or isolated from a group or society.
완화하다
B2To make something less severe, painful, or strict; to mitigate or alleviate a problem or tension.
변모
B2A change in appearance, shape, or character. It is often used to describe how a city, society, or concept has transformed over time into something new.
타협
B2An agreement reached by each side making concessions. It is a way to resolve conflict by finding a middle ground.
타협점
B2A middle ground or a point of mutual agreement reached by parties with conflicting interests.
우려하다
B1To worry about, be concerned about, or feel apprehensive about something negative potentially happening.
갈등
B2A state of disagreement or opposition between ideas, interests, or people. It can range from internal mental struggles to large-scale social or international disputes.