되돌아가다
되돌아가다 in 30 Seconds
- 되돌아가다 means to physically go back to a place you left or metaphorically return to a previous state or habit.
- It is a compound of '되' (back), '돌아' (turn), and '가다' (go), emphasizing the reversal of a previous action.
- Commonly used with the particle -로 (to) and often appears in the phrase '원점으로 되돌아가다' (back to square one).
- Distinguish it from '되돌아오다', which means 'to come back' toward the speaker, whereas '되돌아가다' is 'to go back' away from them.
The Korean verb 되돌아가다 is a compound verb that combines the prefix '되-' (meaning back or again), the connective form '돌아' (from the verb '돌다' meaning to turn or rotate), and '가다' (to go). In its most literal sense, it describes the physical act of turning around and going back to a place you have previously departed from. However, its usage extends far beyond mere physical movement, reaching into the realms of time, status, and abstract concepts. When you use this word, you are emphasizing the reversal of a journey or a process. Unlike the simpler '돌아가다' (to go back), '되돌아가다' often carries a stronger nuance of returning to an original or former state, sometimes implying that the progress made was undone or that a mistake required a return to the starting point.
- Physical Return
- This is the most common usage. It refers to going back to a location you just left, perhaps because you forgot something or decided not to proceed. For example, if you are halfway to work and realize you left your stove on, you would '되돌아가다' to your house.
지갑을 집에 두고 와서 다시 집으로 되돌아갔어요.
- Metaphorical Reversion
- This describes returning to a previous condition, status, or habit. It is frequently used in discussions about health, relationships, or social progress. If a person recovers from an illness but then falls ill again, they are said to have 'returned' to a state of sickness. In business, if a project fails and needs to start from scratch, you return to the 'starting point' (원점).
In conversational Korean, you will hear this word in various social contexts. A teacher might tell students to '되돌아가서' (go back and) check their work if they made many mistakes. In a romantic drama, a character might lament that they cannot '되돌아갈 수 없다' (cannot go back) to the happy days of the past. The emotional weight of the word changes depending on whether the return is desired or forced. When returning to a peaceful past, it feels nostalgic; when returning to square one after hard work, it feels frustrating.
우리의 관계가 예전으로 되돌아갈 수 있을까요?
Furthermore, '되돌아가다' is often paired with specific nouns to form common collocations. '원점으로 되돌아가다' (to go back to the starting point) is a very frequent expression in news and professional settings when negotiations break down or plans are reset. '고향으로 되돌아가다' (to return to one's hometown) implies a permanent or significant move back to one's roots. Understanding these patterns helps in recognizing the word's versatility in both formal writing and daily speech.
Using 되돌아가다 correctly requires attention to particles and the direction of movement. Since it is an intransitive verb indicating movement, it primarily takes the destination particle -로 (to/toward) or -에 (to). When the destination is a person, -에게로 is used. Because it implies a return, the context usually involves a place or state where the subject was previously located.
- Grammar Pattern: [Destination] + -(으)로 되돌아가다
- This is the standard way to express returning to a physical location. Use '-으로' if the noun ends in a consonant (except 'ㄹ') and '-로' if it ends in a vowel or 'ㄹ'.
그는 군 복무를 마치고 다시 학교로 되돌아갔다.
When dealing with abstract states, the particle -로 is almost exclusively used. It indicates the direction of change. For instance, '과거로 되돌아가다' (to go back to the past) or '일상으로 되돌아가다' (to return to daily life). This usage is very common in literature and media when discussing time travel or recovery from a crisis.
- The Role of '다시' (Again)
- While '되돌아가다' already implies 'again', it is very common for Koreans to add the adverb '다시' before the verb to emphasize the repetition of the action or the restoration of the previous state.
휴가가 끝나고 우리는 다시 일상으로 되돌아가야 합니다.
In terms of conjugation, it follows the standard pattern for verbs ending in '-가다'. In polite speech, it becomes '되돌아가요', and in formal speech, '되돌아갑니다'. In the past tense, it is '되돌아갔어요'. It can also be combined with auxiliary verbs like '-고 싶다' (want to) or '-야 하다' (must). For example, '처음으로 되돌아가고 싶어요' (I want to go back to the beginning) is a sentiment often expressed in moments of regret.
잘못된 길임을 깨달았을 때는 빨리 되돌아가는 것이 상책이다.
Finally, consider the honorific forms. When speaking about someone highly respected, use '되돌아가시다'. For example, '할아버지는 고향으로 되돌아가셨어요' (Grandfather went back to his hometown). This shows proper respect while maintaining the specific meaning of returning to a point of origin.
The word 되돌아가다 is a staple in various domains of Korean life, from the dramatic dialogue of soap operas to the precise language of news reports. Understanding the context helps you grasp the subtle nuances that a dictionary might miss. In daily life, it is most often used when a plan is interrupted or when a mistake is corrected. If you are walking with a friend and they realize they left their phone at the cafe, they will say, '아, 카페로 되돌아가야겠어' (Ah, I'll have to go back to the cafe).
- In Media and News
- Journalists use this word to describe stalled progress. If a peace treaty is violated, the news might report that the situation has '전쟁 상태로 되돌아갔다' (returned to a state of war). In economics, it might describe a stock price '되돌아가는' (returning) to its previous level after a sudden spike.
협상이 결렬되면서 모든 논의가 원점으로 되돌아갔습니다.
In the world of K-Dramas, '되돌아가다' is a word filled with emotion. It is the central theme of 'Time Slip' dramas where characters literally '과거로 되돌아갑니다' (go back to the past) to change their destiny. It is also used in romantic contexts when a character wants to '되돌리고 싶다' (wants to turn back - the causative form) the time to when they were happy with their partner. The word often signals a desire for redemption or a longing for a lost era.
In academic or scientific contexts, the word describes cycles or reversible processes. In biology, it might refer to a cell '되돌아가는' (reverting) to an undifferentiated state. In environmental science, it describes a system '되돌아가는' (returning) to its natural equilibrium after a disturbance. This demonstrates the word's ability to handle highly technical and objective descriptions.
오염되었던 강이 수년간의 노력 끝에 원래의 깨끗한 상태로 되돌아갔다.
Lastly, you will encounter this word in literature and poetry. It is used to express the cyclical nature of life or the inevitability of returning to the earth. Phrases like '흙으로 되돌아가다' (to return to the soil/dust) are poetic ways of discussing death. This variety of use cases—from the mundane to the philosophical—makes '되돌아가다' an essential verb for any B2-level learner to master.
While 되돌아가다 seems straightforward, learners often stumble over its distinction from similar verbs and its specific grammatical requirements. The most frequent error is confusing it with 돌아오다 (to come back). Remember the fundamental difference between '가다' (go) and '오다' (come). Use '되돌아가다' when the movement is away from the speaker's current location toward a previous one. Use '되돌아오다' when the movement is toward the speaker's current location.
- Mistake 1: Confusing -가다 and -오다
- If you are at home and someone returns home, you say '그가 집으로 되돌아왔다' (He came back home). If you are at work and you are going back home, you say '나는 집으로 되돌아간다' (I am going back home).
❌ 내가 학교에 되돌아왔어요. (If you are currently at school, this is okay, but if you are telling someone else while you are NOT at school, it's wrong.)
✅ 내가 학교로 되돌아갔어요.
Another common mistake involves the misuse of the object particle '-을/를'. Because English speakers think 'return the book', they might try to say '책을 되돌아가다'. This is incorrect. '되돌아가다' is an intransitive verb (movement of the subject). To say 'return an object', you must use the causative form 되돌려주다 (to give back) or 반납하다 (to return/hand in).
- Mistake 2: Using as a Transitive Verb
- Never put a direct object before '되돌아가다'. It only describes where the *subject* is going, not what the subject is returning.
Learners also sometimes confuse '되돌아가다' with '돌아가다'. While they are often interchangeable, '되돌아가다' is more specific. '돌아가다' can also mean 'to pass away' (euphemism for death) or 'to detour'. Using '되돌아가다' to mean 'to die' is incorrect and would sound very strange. Use '돌아가시다' for that purpose. Additionally, '되돌아가다' emphasizes the *reversal* of a path already taken, whereas '돌아가다' can just mean returning in a general sense.
❌ 할아버지가 고향으로 되돌아가셨다. (This means he physically went back to his hometown, NOT that he passed away.)
✅ 할아버지가 돌아가셨다. (This is the euphemism for death.)
Finally, watch out for the particle choice. While '에' is sometimes used, '-로' (toward/direction) is much more natural with '되돌아가다' because it emphasizes the direction of the return. Using '에서' (from) is a common error; '에서' marks the starting point, but '되돌아가다' focuses on the destination of the return.
To truly master 되돌아가다, you must see how it sits within a family of related verbs. Each has a specific shade of meaning that makes it suitable for different situations. Choosing the right one will make your Korean sound much more natural and precise.
- 돌아가다 (To Return / To Go Back)
- The most general term. It is less emphatic than '되돌아가다'. It can mean returning home, detouring around an obstacle, or even a machine running/operating. Use this when the 'reversal' aspect isn't the main point.
- 복귀하다 (To Come Back / To Return to a Position)
- A formal Sino-Korean word (復歸). It is used specifically for returning to a post, a job, or a duty after an absence. You'll hear this regarding celebrities returning to the screen or soldiers returning to their unit.
- 회귀하다 (To Recur / To Return to an Original State)
- A highly formal and often academic or literary term (回歸). It describes a cyclical return or a return to a fundamental state. It's often used in philosophy or biology (like salmon returning to their birth river).
부상당한 선수가 드디어 경기장으로 복귀했습니다.
When you want to focus on the result of returning rather than the action of going, you might use 되돌아오다 (to come back). As discussed in the mistakes section, this is entirely dependent on the speaker's location. If you are waiting for someone, you hope they '되돌아오기를' (come back). If you are the one leaving to go back, you '되돌아갑니다'.
In a metaphorical sense, if you are talking about habits, you might use 도루묵이 되다 (to come to nothing / to return to the previous bad state). This is an idiomatic expression used when all your effort is wasted and things go back to how they were. For example, '다이어트를 열심히 했지만 요요 현상으로 다시 도루묵이 됐다' (I dieted hard, but due to the yo-yo effect, it all went back to nothing).
- 반전하다 (To Reverse)
- If you are talking about a trend or a plot in a story reversing, '반전하다' is more appropriate. It implies a sudden 180-degree turn in the situation.
By learning these alternatives, you can tailor your language to the specific context. Use '되돌아가다' for general physical or state-based reversals, '복귀하다' for professional contexts, and '회귀하다' for grander, more abstract themes. This level of precision is what separates an intermediate learner from an advanced speaker.
Examples by Level
저는 지금 집으로 되돌아가요.
I am going back home now.
Present tense, -로 destination particle.
길을 몰라서 처음 곳으로 되돌아갔어요.
I didn't know the way, so I went back to the first place.
Past tense, -어서 reason connective.
학교로 되돌아가세요.
Please go back to school.
Imperative form -세요.
우리는 다시 카페로 되돌아갑니다.
We are going back to the cafe again.
Formal polite ending -습니다.
그는 사무실로 되돌아갔습니까?
Did he go back to the office?
Formal question form -습니까?
우체국으로 되돌아가고 싶어요.
I want to go back to the post office.
-고 싶다 (want to) auxiliary.
버스를 타러 정류장으로 되돌아가요.
I'm going back to the stop to take the bus.
-(으)러 (in order to) purpose.
친구가 집으로 되돌아갔어요.
My friend went back home.
Simple past tense.
비가 와서 실내로 되돌아갔어요.
It rained, so I went back indoors.
-아서 reason, 실내 (indoors) as destination.
지갑을 찾으러 다시 식당으로 되돌아갔습니다.
I went back to the restaurant again to find my wallet.
-(으)러 purpose, 다시 (again) for emphasis.
너무 멀리 왔어요. 이제 되돌아갑시다.
We've come too far. Let's go back now.
-읍시다 suggestive form.
그는 고향으로 되돌아갈 거예요.
He will go back to his hometown.
-(으)ㄹ 거예요 future tense.
휴대전화를 두고 와서 되돌아가야 해요.
I left my phone behind, so I have to go back.
-아야 하다 (must/have to).
강아지가 집으로 되돌아가지 않아요.
The puppy won't go back home.
-지 않다 negation.
우리는 산 입구로 되돌아가는 중이에요.
We are in the middle of going back to the mountain entrance.
-는 중이다 (in the middle of).
어제는 일찍 집으로 되돌아갔습니다.
Yesterday, I went back home early.
Adverb 일찍 (early).
실패를 겪은 후 그는 처음부터 다시 시작하기 위해 원점으로 되돌아갔다.
After experiencing failure, he went back to the starting point to start over from the beginning.
원점 (starting point) metaphorical use.
건강이 나빠져서 예전의 나쁜 습관으로 되돌아가지 않기로 결심했다.
Since my health got worse, I decided not to go back to my old bad habits.
-기로 결심하다 (decide to).
여행 중에 여권을 잃어버려서 대사관으로 되돌아가야만 했다.
I lost my passport during the trip, so I had to go back to the embassy.
-아야만 하다 (strong necessity).
그 소설의 주인공은 과거로 되돌아가는 능력이 있다.
The protagonist of that novel has the ability to go back to the past.
Noun modification -는 능력.
회의 내용이 자꾸 딴 길로 새서 다시 주제로 되돌아갔습니다.
The meeting kept drifting off, so we went back to the topic again.
Abstract destination (주제 - topic).
그는 은퇴 후에 자기가 태어난 마을로 되돌아갔다.
He went back to the village where he was born after retiring.
Relative clause 자기가 태어난.
우리는 이미 너무 많이 와서 되돌아갈 수 없어요.
We've already come too far, so we can't go back.
-(으)ㄹ 수 없다 (cannot).
다이어트가 끝나자마자 원래 몸무게로 되돌아갔어요.
As soon as the diet ended, I went back to my original weight.
-자마자 (as soon as).
양측의 의견 차이가 좁혀지지 않아 협상은 다시 원점으로 되돌아갔다.
Because the difference in opinions between both sides didn't narrow, the negotiation went back to square one.
Passive voice 좁혀지지 않다.
오랫동안 외국에서 살았지만 결국 그는 고국으로 되돌아가는 것을 선택했다.
He lived abroad for a long time, but in the end, he chose to go back to his home country.
-는 것을 선택하다 (choose to do).
전쟁이 끝나고 평화로운 일상으로 되돌아가는 데는 많은 시간이 걸렸다.
It took a lot of time to return to a peaceful daily life after the war ended.
-는 데 (in doing something/the process of).
그는 자신의 잘못을 깨닫고 바른 길로 되돌아가려고 노력하고 있다.
He realized his mistake and is trying to go back to the right path.
Metaphorical 'right path' (바른 길).
기술의 발전이 오히려 인간을 과거의 단순한 삶으로 되돌아가게 만든다.
Technological advancement ironically makes humans return to the simple life of the past.
-게 만들다 (make/cause to).
한번 내뱉은 말은 결코 입속으로 되돌아갈 수 없다.
Words once spoken can never go back into the mouth.
Proverbial usage.
경기가 불황에 빠지면서 소비 심리가 위축되어 과거로 되돌아간 듯하다.
As the economy fell into recession, consumer sentiment shrank, appearing to have gone back to the past.
-ㄴ 듯하다 (it seems that).
그는 명예를 회복하기 위해 원래의 자리로 되돌아가기로 했다.
He decided to go back to his original position to restore his honor.
원래의 자리 (original position).
역사는 반복된다고 하지만, 우리는 결코 똑같은 과거로 되돌아갈 수는 없다.
They say history repeats itself, but we can never return to the exact same past.
Contrastive use of -는.
생태계가 파괴되면 그것이 원래의 상태로 되돌아가는 데 수십 년이 소요된다.
If an ecosystem is destroyed, it takes decades for it to return to its original state.
Formal verb 소요되다 (to be required/take time).
그의 연구는 철학의 근본적인 질문으로 되돌아가 인간의 본성을 탐구한다.
His research returns to the fundamental questions of philosophy to explore human nature.
Abstract academic use.
정치적 혼란이 지속되면서 민주주의가 퇴보하여 독재 시절로 되돌아갈까 봐 두렵다.
As political turmoil continues, I am afraid that democracy will regress and return to the era of dictatorship.
-(으)ㄹ까 봐 두렵다 (fear that...).
예술가는 끊임없이 본질로 되돌아가는 과정을 통해 자신만의 색깔을 찾는다.
An artist finds their own color through the process of constantly returning to the essence.
끊임없이 (constantly) adverb.
부와 명예를 모두 잃은 그는 결국 빈손으로 고향에 되돌아가는 신세가 되었다.
Having lost both wealth and fame, he eventually ended up in the situation of returning to his hometown empty-handed.
-는 신세가 되다 (to end up in a pathetic state).
인간은 죽어서 결국 흙으로 되돌아간다는 자연의 섭리를 거스를 수 없다.
Humans cannot defy the providence of nature that they eventually return to the earth after death.
Poetic/Philosophical register.
논의가 겉돌기만 할 뿐 진전이 없자 위원장은 다시 첫 번째 안건으로 되돌아갔다.
When the discussion was just going in circles without progress, the chairman went back to the first agenda item.
-기만 할 뿐 (only doing... and nothing else).
우주의 팽창이 멈추고 다시 한 점으로 되돌아가는 '빅 크런치' 이론은 흥미롭다.
The 'Big Crunch' theory, where the expansion of the universe stops and returns to a single point, is interesting.
Scientific terminology.
문명이 고도로 발달할수록 오히려 원시적인 삶의 가치로 되돌아가려는 회귀 본능이 꿈틀댄다.
The more highly developed a civilization becomes, the more the instinct to return to primitive life values squirms within.
Advanced vocabulary (회귀 본능, 꿈틀대다).
언어는 시대에 따라 변하지만, 가끔은 고어의 형태나 의미로 되돌아가는 보수성을 띠기도 한다.
Language changes with the times, but sometimes it exhibits a conservatism that returns to archaic forms or meanings.
-성을 띠다 (to take on a characteristic).
그의 배신으로 인해 공들여 쌓아온 신뢰가 순식간에 무너지고 증오의 단계로 되돌아갔다.
Due to his betrayal, the trust built with great effort collapsed in an instant and returned to the stage of hatred.
Idiomatic '공들여 쌓다'.
노화는 생물학적으로 피할 수 없는 과정이며, 세포가 초기 상태로 되돌아가는 것은 불가능에 가깝다.
Aging is a biologically unavoidable process, and it is near impossible for cells to return to their initial state.
-에 가깝다 (close to/near).
작가는 작품을 통해 독자들이 잃어버린 순수함으로 되돌아갈 수 있는 통로를 마련해준다.
Through their work, the author provides a passage through which readers can return to their lost innocence.
Metaphorical '통로' (passage).
사회적 합의가 도출되지 않는다면 우리는 다시 갈등과 대립의 시대로 되돌아갈 수밖에 없다.
If a social consensus is not reached, we have no choice but to return to an era of conflict and confrontation.
-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 (no choice but to).
기억의 파편들을 모아 조각을 맞추다 보면 어느덧 유년 시절의 그 방으로 되돌아가게 된다.
As you gather the fragments of memory and fit the pieces together, you eventually find yourself returning to that room from your childhood.
어느덧 (before one knows it) adverb.
Common Collocations
Summary
Mastering '되돌아가다' allows you to express the concept of 'restoration' or 'reversal' in both physical and abstract senses. For example, '일상으로 되돌아가다' (returning to daily life) is a vital phrase for describing recovery or the end of a special event.
- 되돌아가다 means to physically go back to a place you left or metaphorically return to a previous state or habit.
- It is a compound of '되' (back), '돌아' (turn), and '가다' (go), emphasizing the reversal of a previous action.
- Commonly used with the particle -로 (to) and often appears in the phrase '원점으로 되돌아가다' (back to square one).
- Distinguish it from '되돌아오다', which means 'to come back' toward the speaker, whereas '되돌아가다' is 'to go back' away from them.
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More general words
몇몇
A2An unspecified small number of; some or a few.
조금
A1A little/a bit
적게
A1A little / Few
약간
A2A little; slightly; somewhat.
많이
A1A lot/much
잠시
A2For a moment; briefly.
잠깐
A2For a short time; a moment.
아까
A2A little while ago, earlier.
대해
A2About, concerning.
~에 대해서
A2Concerning or regarding a particular subject; about.