संपवणे
संपवणे in 30 Seconds
- Sampavane is a transitive verb meaning 'to finish' or 'to complete' an action or task.
- It is different from 'Sampne', which means something ended by itself without an agent.
- In the past tense, the verb ending must agree with the gender and number of the object.
- It is commonly used for food, work, books, movies, and even abstract disputes or conversations.
The Marathi verb संपवणे (Sampavane) is a fundamental transitive verb that primarily translates to "to finish," "to complete," or "to end" something. In the Marathi language, verbs often come in pairs: intransitive and transitive. संपणे (Sampane) means "to come to an end" (intransitive), whereas संपवणे (Sampavane) means "to bring something to an end" (transitive). This distinction is crucial for English speakers because while English uses "finish" for both (e.g., "The movie finished" vs. "I finished the movie"), Marathi requires different words. When you are the agent performing the action of ending a task, a meal, or a book, you must use संपवणे.
- Daily Chores
- Used when telling someone to finish their food: "जेवण संपव" (Finish your meal). It implies consuming the entirety of what was served.
- Professional Context
- Used when discussing deadlines or tasks: "आज काम संपवायचे आहे" (The work must be finished today). It carries a sense of duty and completion.
तू तुझे गृहपाठ लवकर संपव, मग आपण खेळायला जाऊ. (Finish your homework quickly, then we will go to play.)
Beyond physical tasks, the word is also used in more abstract or even aggressive contexts. For instance, in a debate, one might say they want to "end the discussion" (चर्चा संपवणे). In informal or slang contexts, it can even mean to "finish someone off," though this is highly situational and should be used with caution. The beauty of this verb lies in its versatility across all levels of formality. Whether you are a mother speaking to a child or a manager speaking to an employee, संपवणे is the go-to word for concluding an activity that was initiated.
त्याने सर्व पैसे संपवले. (He finished/spent all the money.)
- Emotional Closure
- Used to describe ending a relationship or a long-standing feud: "आम्ही वाद संपवला" (We ended the dispute).
लेखकाने कादंबरीचा शेवट खूप छान संपवला. (The author finished the novel's end very beautifully.)
In terms of grammar, the verb follows the standard rules for transitive verbs in the past tense, where the verb agrees with the object rather than the subject (the Karmani Prayog). For example, "त्याने काम संपवले" (He finished the work) vs. "त्याने गोष्ट संपवली" (He finished the story). Notice how the ending of the verb changes from -le to -li based on the gender of the object (Kam - neuter, Goshta - feminine). This is a common hurdle for English speakers but mastering संपवणे provides a perfect template for understanding this grammatical structure.
Using संपवणे correctly requires understanding its conjugation across different tenses and moods. Since it is a transitive verb, the subject often takes the -ne suffix in the past tense. Let's explore how to integrate this verb into your daily Marathi conversations with precision.
- Present Tense (Continuous)
- To say you are currently finishing something: "मी काम संपवत आहे" (I am finishing the work). Here, sampavat is the present participle.
मुले खेळ संपवत आहेत. (The children are finishing the game.)
- Past Tense (Completed)
- This is the most common usage. "मी पुस्तक संपवले" (I finished the book). Remember, the verb changes based on the object's gender and number.
तिने तिची बॅग संपवली. (She finished packing her bag - implied context.)
In the future tense, the verb expresses intention. "मी उद्यापर्यंत हे काम संपवेन" (I will finish this work by tomorrow). The root sampav- takes the suffix -en for the first person singular. This is essential for setting expectations in a workplace or academic setting. If you want to express a necessity, you use the form sampavayla have: "मला हे संपवायला हवे" (I need to finish this).
आपण हा वाद इथेच संपवूया. (Let's end this dispute right here.)
Imperative forms are also very common. "लवकर संपव!" (Finish quickly!) is something you'll hear often. If you are being polite or addressing an elder, you would say "संपवा" (Sampava). This distinction between sampav (informal) and sampava (formal) is vital for social etiquette in Maharashtra. Furthermore, the verb can be combined with other verbs to create compound meanings, such as करून संपवणे (to finish doing something), which emphasizes the completion of a specific action.
- Negative Forms
- To say you didn't finish: "मी काम संपवले नाही" (I did not finish the work). The auxiliary nahi is added after the past tense form.
तू अजून दूध का नाही संपवले? (Why haven't you finished the milk yet?)
The word संपवणे is ubiquitous in Maharashtra. You will hear it from the moment you wake up until you go to bed. It is not just a word for "work"; it is a word for the rhythm of daily life. In a typical household, the most common place to hear it is at the dining table. Indian hospitality often involves pushing for seconds, but once you are full, you might say, "मी माझे जेवण संपवले आहे" (I have finished my meal) to signal you are done.
- In Schools and Colleges
- Teachers constantly use it: "पेपर लवकर संपवा" (Finish the paper quickly). Students ask each other: "तुझा अभ्यास संपला का?" (Is your study finished? - note the intransitive use here for the state, but 'me abhyas sampavla' for the action).
सर, मी माझा प्रोजेक्ट संपवला आहे. (Sir, I have finished my project.)
In the corporate world in cities like Mumbai or Pune, संपवणे is used in every meeting. "ही मीटिंग पाच मिनिटांत संपवूया" (Let's finish this meeting in five minutes). It denotes efficiency and time management. You will also see it in news headlines, especially concerning the conclusion of events, strikes, or political sessions. For example, "संप संपवला" (The strike was ended/called off). Here, the transitive form implies that an authority or a group took the action to end it.
मुख्यमंत्र्यांनी आपली सभा लवकर संपवली. (The Chief Minister finished his meeting early.)
- In Literature and Movies
- In Marathi cinema (Mollywood), you might hear a villain say, "मी तुला संपवून टाकीन!" (I will finish you off!). In this context, it's a threat of physical harm, showing the word's darker potential.
चित्रपटाचा शेवट दिग्दर्शकाने खूप प्रभावीपणे संपवला. (The director finished the movie's end very effectively.)
Finally, in social gatherings, when a story is being told and someone is dragging it out, a friend might jokingly say, "आता संपव ती गोष्ट!" (Now finish that story!). It acts as a social lubricant to move conversations along. Understanding the settings where this word appears helps you grasp not just the definition, but the cultural intent behind its use.
The most frequent mistake learners make with संपवणे is confusing it with its intransitive counterpart, संपणे (Sampane). This is a classic "transitive vs. intransitive" error that can change the meaning of your sentence entirely. In English, we use "finish" for both, but in Marathi, the distinction is mandatory.
- Mistake 1: Wrong Verb Type
- Saying "मी संपलो" (I finished) when you mean "I finished the work." In Marathi, "मी संपलो" actually means "I am finished/ruined" or "I am dead" (metaphorically). To say you finished something, you must say "मी काम संपवले."
- Mistake 2: Gender Agreement
- In the past tense, learners often forget to change the verb ending based on the object. They might say "मी चहा संपवले" (I finished the tea). Since 'Chaha' (tea) is masculine, it should be "मी चहा संपवला."
Incorrect: मी गोष्ट संपवला. (I finished the story - wrong gender).
Correct: मी गोष्ट संपवली. (Story is feminine).
Another mistake is overusing संपवणे for things that have better, more specific verbs. For example, to "finish" a relationship, नाते तोडणे (breaking a relationship) might be more common, or to "finish" a journey, प्रवास पूर्ण करणे (completing a journey) sounds more sophisticated. Using संपवणे for everything can make your Marathi sound a bit basic or "child-like."
- Mistake 3: Pronunciation
- Mistaking the 'v' sound for a 'w'. In Marathi, 'v' is labio-dental (teeth on lip). Pronouncing it as 'Sampawane' with rounded lips makes it sound non-native. Aim for a sharp 'v' sound.
लक्षात ठेवा: संपवणे हे सकर्मक क्रियापद आहे. (Remember: Sampavane is a transitive verb.)
Lastly, learners often forget the ergative subject marker -ne in the past tense. Instead of saying "त्याने काम संपवले" (He finished the work), they might say "तो काम संपवले." This is a major grammatical error. The subject To (He) must become Tyane because the verb is transitive and in the past tense.
While संपवणे is a great all-purpose word, Marathi offers several alternatives that can add nuance to your speech. Depending on whether you are finishing a meal, a task, or a conversation, you might choose a different term.
- पूर्ण करणे (Purna Karane)
- Meaning: To complete. This is more formal and used for projects, education, or promises. "मी माझे शिक्षण पूर्ण केले" (I completed my education).
- आटोपणे (Atopane)
- Meaning: To wrap up. This is used when you are in a hurry or ending a routine task. "लवकर आटोप, आपल्याला उशीर होतोय" (Wrap up quickly, we are getting late).
Comparison:
- संपवणे: Neutral/General finish.
- आटोपणे: Quick wrap-up.
- पूर्ण करणे: Formal completion.
There is also खलास करणे (Khalas Karane), which is borrowed from Persian/Urdu. It means to finish something off completely, often used for food or even in a more aggressive sense like "destroying" something. It's very informal and common in street Marathi. For instance, "त्याने सगळी बिर्याणी खलास केली" (He polished off all the biryani).
- विल्हेवाट लावणे (Vilhevat Lavane)
- Meaning: To dispose of or settle. This is used when "finishing" involves getting rid of something, like trash or a difficult problem.
मी हे जुने कागद संपवले (I finished [reading/dealing with] these old papers) vs. मी या कागदांची विल्हेवाट लावली (I disposed of these papers).
Understanding these alternatives allows you to be more descriptive. If you are finishing a marathon, you wouldn't just say "sampavle"; you would say "पूर्ण केली" (completed). If you are finishing a quick phone call, you might say "आटोपतो" (I'm wrapping up). This level of vocabulary enrichment is what separates a beginner from an intermediate speaker.
Fun Fact
The root 'Samp' is also found in the word 'Sampatti' (wealth), which originally meant something that is 'attained' or 'completed' successfully.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'v' as 'w' (rounded lips).
- Using a dental 'n' instead of the retroflex 'ṇ'.
- Aspirating the 'p' like 'ph'.
- Mispronouncing the nasal 'm' in 'sam' as a full 'm' instead of a nasalization.
- Making the final 'e' too long like 'eee'.
Examples by Level
मी जेवण संपवले.
I finished the meal.
Past tense, neuter object 'jevan'.
तू दूध संपव.
You finish the milk.
Imperative (command) form.
अभ्यास लवकर संपव.
Finish the study quickly.
Adverb 'lavkar' (quickly) modifying the verb.
त्याने पाणी संपवले.
He finished the water.
Subject 'Tyane' with ergative marker.
मी गोष्ट संपवली.
I finished the story.
Verb ends in -li for feminine 'goshta'.
चहा संपव.
Finish the tea.
Informal imperative.
तिने सफरचंद संपवले.
She finished the apple.
Past tense, neuter object 'sapharchand'.
आम्ही खेळ संपवला.
We finished the game.
Verb ends in -la for masculine 'khel'.
मी आज हे पुस्तक संपवणार आहे.
I am going to finish this book today.
Future intent form '-nar'.
तिने तिचे सर्व काम संपवले.
She finished all her work.
Use of 'sarva' (all) with neuter object.
तुम्ही तुमची बॅग संपवली का?
Did you finish (packing) your bag?
Interrogative with 'ka'.
आम्ही चित्रपट संपवला आणि घरी गेलो.
We finished the movie and went home.
Compound sentence with 'ani'.
तो त्याचे गाणे संपवत आहे.
He is finishing his song.
Present continuous tense.
मी माझे पत्र संपवले नाही.
I did not finish my letter.
Negative past tense.
लवकर काम संपवा, मग आपण जाऊ.
Finish the work quickly, then we will go.
Polite/Plural imperative 'sampava'.
तिने डबा संपवला.
She finished the tiffin/lunch box.
Masculine object 'daba' -> 'sampavla'.
मला हा प्रोजेक्ट शुक्रवारी संपवायचा आहे.
I want to finish this project on Friday.
Desiderative form '-aycha'.
आपण ही चर्चा इथेच संपवूया.
Let's finish/end this discussion right here.
Hortative 'Let's' form '-uya'.
त्याने सर्व पैसे संपवून टाकले.
He finished off/spent all the money.
Compound verb 'sampavun takle' for emphasis.
मी माझे बोलणे संपवतो.
I (will) finish my speaking/speech.
Present tense used for immediate future.
तिने स्वयंपाक करून संपवला.
She finished cooking.
Gerund + Verb 'karun sampavla'.
मुलांनी त्यांचा गोंधळ संपवला.
The children ended their chaos/noise.
Abstract object 'gondhal'.
तुम्ही हा धडा वाचून संपवा.
You finish reading this lesson.
Sequential action 'vachun sampava'.
मी माझे काम वेळेत संपवले.
I finished my work on time.
Locative 'velet' (in time).
सरकारने हा जुना कायदा संपवला.
The government ended/abolished this old law.
Formal/Political context.
त्यांनी आपला वाद सामंजस्याने संपवला.
They ended their dispute with mutual understanding.
Instrumental 'samajasyane'.
लेखकाने कादंबरीचा शेवट अनपेक्षितपणे संपवला.
The author finished the novel's end unexpectedly.
Adverb 'anapekshitpane'.
तिने तिचे मौन संपवले आणि बोलायला सुरुवात केली.
She ended her silence and started to speak.
Abstract object 'maun' (silence).
आपण हा विषय आता संपवायला हवा.
We should finish/close this subject now.
Obligatory 'hava' (should/must).
त्याने आपली कारकीर्द शिखरावर असताना संपवली.
He ended his career while at the peak.
Metaphorical 'career'.
त्यांनी ही परंपरा कायमची संपवली.
They ended this tradition forever.
Adverb 'kayamchi' (forever).
मी माझे सादरीकरण पाच मिनिटांत संपवेन.
I will finish my presentation in five minutes.
Future tense 'sampaven'.
न्यायाधीशांनी खटला त्वरित संपवण्याचे आदेश दिले.
The judge ordered to finish the case immediately.
Infinitive 'sampavnyache' with genitive.
त्यांच्या एका निर्णयाने सर्व संभ्रम संपवला.
Their one decision ended all confusion.
Abstract transitive use.
कवितेने मानवी अस्तित्वाचा प्रश्न संपवला नाही, तर तो अधिक गडद केला.
The poem did not end the question of human existence, but made it deeper.
Philosophical context.
विद्रोही गटाने आपला लढा संपवण्याची घोषणा केली.
The rebel group announced the ending of their struggle.
Formal announcement.
त्यांनी आपल्या भाषणाने श्रोत्यांच्या शंका संपवल्या.
He ended the audience's doubts with his speech.
Plural feminine object 'shanka' -> 'sampavlya'.
कंपनीने जुन्या तंत्रज्ञानाचा वापर पूर्णपणे संपवला आहे.
The company has completely ended the use of old technology.
Corporate/Technical context.
तिने आपल्या शब्दांनी सर्व कटुता संपवली.
She ended all bitterness with her words.
Metaphorical 'katuta' (bitterness).
हा करार संपवण्याची प्रक्रिया सुरू झाली आहे.
The process of terminating this contract has begun.
Noun phrase 'sampavnyachi prakriya'.
काळाच्या ओघात अनेक संस्कृतींनी स्वतःचे अस्तित्व संपवले.
In the course of time, many civilizations ended their own existence.
Reflexive 'swataha che'.
त्याच्या एका कृतीने अनेक वर्षांचे वैर संपवले.
His one act ended years of enmity.
Complex social context.
लेखकाने पात्राचा प्रवास ज्या पद्धतीने संपवला, तो थक्क करणारा आहे.
The way the author ended the character's journey is stunning.
Relative clause 'jya paddhatine'.
त्यांनी आपल्या सत्तेचा वापर करून विरोधकांचा आवाज संपवला.
They used their power to end/silence the voice of the opposition.
Political metaphor.
विज्ञानाने अनेक अंधश्रद्धा संपवल्या आहेत.
Science has ended many superstitions.
Abstract historical context.
तिने आपल्या आयुष्यातील एक महत्त्वाचा अध्याय संपवला.
She finished an important chapter of her life.
Metaphorical 'adhyaya' (chapter).
त्यांनी आपला उपवास सोडला आणि दिवसाची तपश्चर्या संपवली.
They broke their fast and ended the day's penance.
Religious/Cultural context.
या युद्धाने संपूर्ण पिढीचे भविष्य संपवले.
This war finished the future of an entire generation.
Tragic/High-stakes context.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
Idioms & Expressions
— To put an end to a recurring problem or discussion.
आज आपण हा विषय कायमचा संपवूया.
Neutral— To end one's life (suicide). Use with extreme sensitivity.
कोणीही टोकाचे पाऊल उचलून आयुष्य संपवू नये.
Formal/Serious— To exhaust resources, but can also mean to humiliate in some contexts.
त्याने विरोधकांचे पाणी संपवले.
Literary— To finish the story, often implying there's nothing left to say.
तिने रडत रडत आपली कथा संपवली.
Neutral— To finish shopping or to ruin someone's business.
त्याने प्रतिस्पर्ध्याचा बाजार संपवला.
Informal— To finish with a sense of finality or destruction.
वाघाने शिकार संपवून टाकली.
Neutral— To finish the leaf (traditional plate), meaning to eat everything.
अतिथींनी आपले पान संपवले.
CulturalWord Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'SUM-PA-VANE'. You 'SUM' up everything to 'PA'ss the finish line in your 'VANE' (van).
Visual Association
Imagine a person cleaning a plate completely until it shines—that act of finishing is 'Sampavane'.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to use 'Sampavane' three times today: once for a meal, once for a chore, and once for a book or show you are watching.
Word Origin
Derived from the Sanskrit root 'सम्' (sam - together/perfectly) + 'अप्' (ap - to reach/obtain). In Marathi, it evolved through Prakrit to mean the completion or exhaustion of something.
Original meaning: To accomplish perfectly or to reach a state of completion.
Indo-AryanCultural Context
English speakers often use 'finish' for both 'the milk finished' and 'I finished the milk'. In Marathi, you must distinguish between the two.
Summary
The word 'संपवणे' (Sampavane) is your primary tool for saying you finished something. Always remember that it requires an object and an agent. Example: 'मी काम संपवले' (I finished the work) — here, 'me' is the agent and 'kam' is the object.
- Sampavane is a transitive verb meaning 'to finish' or 'to complete' an action or task.
- It is different from 'Sampne', which means something ended by itself without an agent.
- In the past tense, the verb ending must agree with the gender and number of the object.
- It is commonly used for food, work, books, movies, and even abstract disputes or conversations.