输血 in 30 Seconds
- 输血 (shū xuè) is a verb meaning to have a blood transfusion.
- It's a medical term for receiving or giving blood.
- Essential for treating blood loss and certain illnesses.
- Distinguish from 捐血 (juān xuè) - to donate blood.
The Chinese word 输血 (shū xuè) directly translates to 'to transfuse blood'. It is a verb used in medical contexts to describe the process of giving blood or blood components from one person to another. This is a critical medical procedure often performed when a patient has lost a significant amount of blood due to injury, surgery, or certain medical conditions like anemia, leukemia, or during childbirth. It can also be used in a more figurative sense, meaning to support or help someone, though this is less common and usually understood from context.
- Literal Meaning
- To transfuse blood.
- Medical Context
- The act of receiving or giving blood in a hospital or clinic.
- Figurative Meaning (Less Common)
- To provide crucial support or assistance.
In emergency situations, doctors may need to 输血 to save a patient's life.
You will most frequently encounter 输血 in discussions about hospitals, doctors, patients, blood banks, and medical emergencies. It's a term associated with life-saving procedures. Understanding 输血 is important for anyone who might need to discuss medical situations in Chinese, whether it's for personal health or to understand news reports about healthcare.
The patient required immediate 输血 after the accident.
Donating blood is a way to help others who may need 输血.
- Key Scenarios
- Surgery, severe bleeding, anemia, childbirth complications, blood disorders.
Using 输血 (shū xuè) in sentences is quite straightforward, especially when referring to its medical meaning. The structure typically involves a subject performing or receiving the action, and often a context or reason for the transfusion.
Basic Structure: Subject + 输血 + (Object/Context)
Let's break down how it's used with examples:
- Receiving a transfusion
- The most common usage is when a patient needs to receive blood. The structure often implies the patient is the recipient.
病人需要输血才能恢复健康。
Bìngrén xūyào shū xuè cáinéng huīfù jiànkāng.
The patient needs a blood transfusion to recover.
- Giving a transfusion (less direct)
- While less common to say 'I gave a transfusion' directly with 输血, it's implied in a medical context where a doctor or hospital performs the action.
医生正在为他输血。
Yīshēng zhèngzài wèi tā shū xuè.
The doctor is giving him a blood transfusion.
- Reasons for transfusion
- Sentences often include the cause or purpose.
由于大出血，他必须接受输血。
Yóuyú dà chūxiě, tā bìxū jiēshòu shū xuè.
Due to severe bleeding, he had to receive a blood transfusion.
- Urgency
- The need for transfusion is often urgent.
情况紧急，需要立即输血。
Qíngkuàng jǐnjí, xūyào lìjí shū xuè.
The situation is urgent and requires an immediate blood transfusion.
医院为病人输血。
Yīyuàn wèi bìngrén shū xuè.
The hospital performs blood transfusions for patients.
输血 (shū xuè) is a term you'll primarily encounter in very specific environments, all related to healthcare and medical situations. It's not a word used in everyday casual conversation about weather or food, but rather in contexts where health and life are central.
Here are the main places you'll hear or read 输血:
- Hospitals and Clinics
- This is the most common setting. Doctors, nurses, and patients might discuss the need for, the process of, or the outcome of a blood transfusion. You might hear it in doctor's rounds, patient consultations, or in medical records.
病人的情况需要输血。
Bìngrén de qíngkuàng xūyào shū xuè.
The patient's condition requires a blood transfusion.
- Emergency Services (Ambulances, ERs)
- In emergency situations, the need for immediate 输血 is often discussed to stabilize a patient who has suffered trauma or severe blood loss.
救护车上的医生决定为他输血。
Jiùhùchē shàng de yīshēng juédìng wèi tā shū xuè.
The doctor in the ambulance decided to give him a blood transfusion.
- Blood Donation Centers
- While the act of donating is more often described with verbs like 'donate blood' (捐血 - juān xuè), discussions about the purpose of donation will naturally involve 输血, as donated blood is used for transfusions.
我们为需要输血的病人提供血液。
Wǒmen wèi xūyào shū xuè de bìngrén tígōng xuèyè.
We provide blood for patients who need transfusions.
- Medical News and Documentaries
- Reports on medical advancements, patient stories, or public health campaigns related to blood supply will often use this term.
新闻报道了这次紧急输血手术。
Xīnwén bàodào le zhè cì jǐnjí shū xuè shǒushù.
The news reported on this emergency blood transfusion surgery.
When learning 输血 (shū xuè), learners might make a few common mistakes, often related to confusing it with similar-sounding words or misapplying its usage. Here are some pitfalls to watch out for:
- Confusing 输血 with 捐血 (juān xuè)
- Mistake: Using 输血 when you mean to talk about donating blood.
- Explanation: 输血 (shū xuè) means 'to transfuse blood' (i.e., to receive or give blood to a patient). 捐血 (juān xuè) specifically means 'to donate blood' (i.e., to give your blood to a blood bank).
- Example: You should say '我想捐血' (Wǒ xiǎng juān xuè - I want to donate blood), not '我想输血' (Wǒ xiǎng shū xuè - I want to have a blood transfusion).
- Correct Usage:
他因为贫血需要输血。
Tā yīnwèi pínxiě xūyào shū xuè.
He needs a blood transfusion due to anemia.
很多人定期捐血。
Hěnduō rén dìngqí juān xuè.
Many people regularly donate blood.
- Overusing the Figurative Meaning
- Mistake: Using 输血 in general contexts to mean 'support' or 'help' without clear context.
- Explanation: While 输血 can have a figurative meaning of providing crucial support, it's not as common as its literal medical meaning. Using it figuratively without a very clear context might lead to confusion. More common words for support are 帮助 (bāngzhù) or 支持 (zhīchí).
- Example: Instead of saying '他给了我很多输血' (Tā gěi le wǒ hěn duō shū xuè - He gave me a lot of blood transfusion, which sounds odd), it's better to say '他给了我很多支持' (Tā gěi le wǒ hěn duō zhīchí - He gave me a lot of support).
- Incorrect Sentence Structure
- Mistake: Placing 输血 incorrectly in a sentence or using it as a noun without proper grammatical structure.
- Explanation: 输血 is primarily a verb. While it can be part of a noun phrase (e.g., 输血过程 - shū xuè guòchéng - transfusion process), it functions as a verb in most basic sentences. Ensure it's used after the subject or as part of a predicate.
- Correct Usage:
病人需要输血。
Bìngrén xūyào shū xuè.
The patient needs a blood transfusion.
While 输血 (shū xuè) is quite specific, understanding related terms can enhance your vocabulary and comprehension. The most important distinction is with 'donating blood'.
- 捐血 (juān xuè) - To donate blood
- Difference: This is the most crucial distinction. 捐血 is the act of giving blood voluntarily, usually at a blood bank or donation drive, with the intention of it being used for transfusions for others. 输血 is the act of receiving blood (or sometimes giving it directly to a patient).
- Example:
- * He needs a blood transfusion: 他需要输血 (Tā xūyào shū xuè).
- * She donated blood: 她捐血了 (Tā juān xuè le).
- 献血 (xiàn xuè) - To offer blood / To donate blood
- Difference: This is very similar to 捐血 and is often used interchangeably in mainland China. 献血 is a slightly more formal term for donating blood.
- Example:
- * The hospital is organizing a blood donation event: 医院正在组织献血活动 (Yīyuàn zhèngzài zǔzhī xiàn xuè huódòng).
- 血液 (xuèyè) - Blood
- Difference: This is the noun for 'blood' itself. You can't '输血液' in the same way you '输血'; 血液 is the substance being transfused.
- Example:
- * The patient lost a lot of blood: 病人流了很多血液 (Bìngrén liúle hěn duō xuèyè).
- 输液 (shūyè) - To administer an IV drip / To infuse fluid
- Difference: This is a very common point of confusion due to the similar first character '输' (shū). 输液 refers to administering fluids, medications, or nutrients intravenously via an IV drip. It does not involve blood.
- Example:
- * The patient is receiving an IV drip: 病人正在输液 (Bìngrén zhèngzài shūyè).
- 输血过程 (shū xuè guòchéng) - Blood transfusion process
- Difference: This is a noun phrase referring to the entire procedure of a blood transfusion. It uses 输血 as part of the name of the process.
- Example:
- * We need to explain the blood transfusion process to the patient: 我们需要向病人解释输血过程 (Wǒmen xūyào xiàng bìngrén jiěshì shū xuè guòchéng).
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The character '输' (shū) can also mean 'to lose' in contexts like '输钱' (shū qián - to lose money). In 输血, it refers to the act of conveying or transferring blood, rather than losing it, though the recipient is metaphorically 'receiving' or 'gaining' blood. The concept of transferring vital fluid is captured by this character.
Pronunciation Guide
- Pronouncing 'x' as a simple 's' or 'sh'.
- Incorrect tones: The rising tone on 'shū' and the falling-rising tone on 'xuè' are crucial for correct meaning.
- Confusing 'u' sound with 'ü' (like in 'lǜ').
Difficulty Rating
At the A2 CEFR level, reading materials containing 输血 will likely be straightforward medical contexts, such as patient information leaflets or simple news reports about health. The vocabulary will be limited to basic medical terms and common sentence structures. Advanced medical jargon would increase the difficulty.
Writing about 输血 at the A2 level involves using it in basic sentences, describing simple scenarios like needing a transfusion due to illness or injury. Constructing more complex sentences involving medical details, risks, or specific procedures would increase the difficulty.
Speaking about 输血 at the A2 level would involve basic communication, like stating a need for a transfusion or explaining a simple medical situation. Fluently discussing the nuances of transfusion procedures, risks, or different types of blood products would be more challenging.
Listening for 输血 at the A2 level would involve understanding it in clear, relatively slow speech, typically in a medical context. Distinguishing it from similar-sounding words like 输液 would be important. Understanding rapid or technical medical discussions would be significantly harder.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Using '需要' (xūyào - need) with verbs.
病人需要输血。(The patient needs a blood transfusion.)
Using '为' (wèi - for/to) to indicate the recipient of an action.
医生为病人输血。(The doctor transfuses blood for the patient.)
Using '因为' (yīnwèi - because) to state a reason.
因为失血过多，他需要输血。(Because of severe blood loss, he needs a blood transfusion.)
Using '进行' (jìnxíng - to carry out/perform) with medical procedures.
医院进行了成功的输血。(The hospital performed a successful blood transfusion.)
Using '接受' (jiēshòu - to accept/receive) for actions done to the subject.
他接受了输血。(He received a blood transfusion.)
Examples by Level
病人需要输血。
The patient needs a blood transfusion.
医生正在为他输血。
The doctor is giving him a blood transfusion.
他需要输血才能活。
He needs a blood transfusion to live.
她因为失血过多需要输血。
She needs a blood transfusion due to excessive blood loss.
医院有血可以输血。
The hospital has blood for transfusions.
紧急情况，需要立刻输血。
Emergency situation, immediate blood transfusion is needed.
我们可以为他输血。
We can give him a blood transfusion.
输血是为了救命。
Blood transfusion is for saving lives.
这位病人失血很多，需要立即输血。
This patient has lost a lot of blood and needs an immediate blood transfusion.
The phrase '失血很多' (shī xuè hěn duō - lost a lot of blood) provides context for the need for '输血'.
医生说，如果他不接受输血，情况会很危险。
The doctor said if he doesn't accept a blood transfusion, the situation will be very dangerous.
'接受输血' (jiēshòu shū xuè - accept a blood transfusion) is a common collocation.
在手术过程中，有时需要为病人输血。
During surgery, it is sometimes necessary to transfuse blood to patients.
'手术过程中' (shǒushù guòchéng zhōng - during the surgery process) sets the scene.
捐血是为了给需要输血的人提供帮助。
Donating blood is to provide help to people who need transfusions.
This sentence links the related concepts of donating and receiving blood.
我的朋友因为车祸需要输血。
My friend needs a blood transfusion because of a car accident.
The cause of the need for transfusion is clearly stated.
医院的血库储存了足够的血液以备紧急输血。
The hospital's blood bank stores enough blood for emergency transfusions.
'血库' (xuèkù - blood bank) and '紧急输血' (jǐnjí shū xuè - emergency transfusion) are relevant terms.
为了治疗这种疾病，病人必须定期输血。
To treat this disease, the patient must receive regular blood transfusions.
'定期输血' (dìngqí shū xuè - regular blood transfusion) indicates a chronic condition.
医生向家属解释了输血的风险和好处。
The doctor explained the risks and benefits of blood transfusion to the family.
'输血的风险和好处' (shū xuè de fēngxiǎn hé hǎochù - risks and benefits of blood transfusion) is a common medical discussion topic.
这位患者因严重的贫血，医生建议立即进行输血治疗。
Due to severe anemia, the doctor recommended immediate blood transfusion therapy for this patient.
'贫血' (pínxiě - anemia) is a common reason for transfusion. '输血治疗' (shū xuè zhìliáo - transfusion therapy) is a more formal term.
在器官移植手术中，术后大出血是常见的并发症，通常需要及时输血。
Post-operative hemorrhage is a common complication in organ transplant surgery, usually requiring timely blood transfusions.
'器官移植手术' (qìguān yízhí shǒushù - organ transplant surgery), '大出血' (dà chūxiě - severe bleeding), and '并发症' (bìngfāzhèng - complication) are advanced medical terms.
血液制品，如红细胞、血小板和血浆，都可以通过输血的方式提供给病人。
Blood products, such as red blood cells, platelets, and plasma, can all be provided to patients through blood transfusion.
'血液制品' (xuèyè zhìpǐn - blood products), '红细胞' (hóng xìbāo - red blood cells), '血小板' (xuèxiǎobǎn - platelets), '血浆' (xuèjiāng - plasma) are specific medical terms.
虽然现代医学技术发达，但对于某些危重情况，输血仍然是不可或缺的生命支持手段。
Although modern medical technology is advanced, blood transfusion remains an indispensable means of life support for certain critical conditions.
'不可或缺' (bùkě huò quē - indispensable) and '生命支持手段' (shēngmìng zhīchí shǒuduàn - life support measure) add complexity.
许多国家都设有专门的血液中心，负责收集、检测和储存血液，以满足各地医院的输血需求。
Many countries have dedicated blood centers responsible for collecting, testing, and storing blood to meet the transfusion needs of hospitals everywhere.
'血液中心' (xuèyè zhōngxīn - blood center) and '输血需求' (shū xuè xūqiú - transfusion needs) are relevant organizational terms.
在战地医疗中，快速有效地为伤员输血是提高生存率的关键。
In battlefield medicine, rapidly and effectively transfusing blood to the wounded is key to improving survival rates.
'战地医疗' (zhàndì yīliáo - battlefield medicine) and '伤员' (shāngyuán - wounded soldier) provide a specific context.
由于罕见血型，找到合适的血液进行输血可能非常困难。
Due to rare blood types, finding suitable blood for transfusion can be very difficult.
'罕见血型' (hǎnjiàn xuèxíng - rare blood types) and '合适的血液' (héshì de xuèyè - suitable blood) are specific details.
医院严格遵守输血前的配血原则，确保输血安全。
Hospitals strictly adhere to the blood matching principles before transfusion to ensure transfusion safety.
'配血原则' (pèixuè yuánzé - blood matching principles) and '输血安全' (shū xuè ānquán - transfusion safety) are important procedural aspects.
尽管现代医疗技术日新月异，但对于因外伤或疾病导致严重失血的患者而言，输血依然是维持生命体征的基石。
Despite the rapid advancements in modern medical technology, blood transfusion remains a cornerstone for maintaining vital signs in patients suffering from severe blood loss due to trauma or illness.
'日新月异' (rìxīn yuèyì - changing rapidly), '外伤' (wàishāng - external injury/trauma), '生命体征' (shēngmìng tǐzhēng - vital signs), and '基石' (jīshí - cornerstone) are advanced vocabulary.
输血反应虽然罕见，但其潜在的严重性不容忽视，因此医护人员必须严格遵循操作规程，最大限度地降低风险。
Although transfusion reactions are rare, their potential severity cannot be ignored, thus medical personnel must strictly follow operational procedures to minimize risks to the greatest extent possible.
'输血反应' (shū xuè fǎnyìng - transfusion reaction), '潜在的严重性' (qiánzài de yánzhòngxìng - potential severity), '操作规程' (cāozuò guīchéng - operational procedures), '最大限度地降低风险' (zuì dà xiàndù de jiàngdī fēngxiǎn - minimize risks to the greatest extent possible) are complex phrases.
在一些发展中国家，由于医疗资源匮乏，许多本可以通过输血挽救的生命最终未能得到及时治疗。
In some developing countries, due to scarce medical resources, many lives that could have been saved by blood transfusion ultimately do not receive timely treatment.
'发展中国家' (fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā - developing countries), '医疗资源匮乏' (yīliáo zīyuán kuìfá - scarcity of medical resources), '挽救' (wǎnjiù - save/rescue) are higher-level terms.
随着基因工程和细胞治疗技术的飞速发展，未来或许能够开发出替代输血的治疗方案，但这仍是一个长远的目标。
With the rapid development of genetic engineering and cell therapy technologies, it may be possible to develop alternative treatment plans to blood transfusion in the future, but this remains a long-term goal.
'基因工程' (jīyīn gōngchéng - genetic engineering), '细胞治疗' (xìbāo zhìliáo - cell therapy), '替代' (tìdài - substitute/alternative), '长远的目标' (chángyuǎn de mùbiāo - long-term goal).
长期依赖输血的患者，尤其是有某些特定疾病的患者，需要定期监测其铁负荷，以防因反复输血而导致铁过载。
Patients who rely on long-term blood transfusions, especially those with certain specific diseases, need regular monitoring of their iron levels to prevent iron overload caused by repeated transfusions.
'长期依赖' (chángqī yīlài - long-term reliance), '铁负荷' (tiě fùhè - iron load/iron burden), '铁过载' (tiě guòzài - iron overload), '反复输血' (fǎnfù shū xuè - repeated transfusions).
在献血者招募和输血服务推广方面，有效的公众教育至关重要，旨在提高人们对血液重要性的认识并鼓励积极参与。
Effective public education is crucial in recruiting blood donors and promoting transfusion services, aiming to raise awareness of the importance of blood and encourage active participation.
'献血者招募' (xiànxuè zhě zhāomù - blood donor recruitment), '推广' (tuīguǎng - promotion), '公众教育' (gōngzhòng jiàoyù - public education), '至关重要' (zhìguān zhòngyào - critically important).
对于血型不合或有其他免疫学禁忌的患者，进行交叉配血试验是输血前不可或缺的步骤。
For patients with incompatible blood types or other immunological contraindications, performing crossmatch tests is an indispensable step before transfusion.
'血型不合' (xuèxíng bù hé - incompatible blood types), '免疫学禁忌' (miǎnyì xué jìnjì - immunological contraindications), '交叉配血试验' (jiāochā pèixuè shìyàn - crossmatch test).
鉴于血液的易损性和储存条件的限制，建立一个高效、可靠的冷链物流系统对于保障临床输血供应至关重要。
Given the perishability of blood and the limitations of storage conditions, establishing an efficient and reliable cold chain logistics system is vital for ensuring clinical transfusion supply.
'易损性' (yì sǔn xìng - perishability), '储存条件' (chǔcún tiáojiàn - storage conditions), '冷链物流系统' (lěng liàn wùliú xìtǒng - cold chain logistics system), '临床输血供应' (línchuáng shū xuè gōngyìng - clinical transfusion supply).
在应对大规模伤亡事件时，确保充足且兼容的血液储备以满足集约化输血需求，是对公共卫生体系应急能力的严峻考验。
In responding to mass casualty incidents, ensuring adequate and compatible blood reserves to meet intensive transfusion demands is a severe test of the emergency response capabilities of the public health system.
'大规模伤亡事件' (dà guīmó shāngwáng shìjiàn - mass casualty incident), '兼容的血液储备' (jiānróng de xuèyè chǔbèi - compatible blood reserves), '集约化输血需求' (jíyuē huà shū xuè xūqiú - intensive transfusion needs), '公共卫生体系' (gōnggòng wèishēng tǐxì - public health system), '应急能力' (yìngjí nénglì - emergency response capability), '严峻考验' (yánjùn kǎoyàn - severe test).
尽管成分输血（如仅输注红细胞或血小板）已成为常规，但对于某些复杂病例，全血输注的必要性及其潜在风险仍需审慎评估。
Although component therapy (e.g., transfusing only red blood cells or platelets) has become standard practice, the necessity of whole blood transfusion and its potential risks for certain complex cases still require careful assessment.
'成分输血' (chéngfèn shū xuè - component therapy), '全血输注' (quán xuè shūzhù - whole blood transfusion), '复杂病例' (fùzá bìnglì - complex cases), '审慎评估' (shěnshèn pínggū - careful assessment).
输血传播疾病的风险，虽然随着筛查技术的进步已大幅降低，但理论上仍然存在，故而建立完善的血液安全监测体系至关重要。
The risk of transfusion-transmitted infections, although significantly reduced with advancements in screening technology, theoretically still exists, hence establishing a comprehensive blood safety surveillance system is critically important.
'输血传播疾病' (shū xuè chuánbō jíbìng - transfusion-transmitted infections), '筛查技术' (shāichá jìshù - screening technology), '大幅降低' (dàfú jiàngdī - significantly reduced), '完善的血液安全监测体系' (wánshàn de xuèyè ānquán jiāncè tǐxì - comprehensive blood safety surveillance system).
在某些血液肿瘤患者的治疗方案中，异体输血是维持血红蛋白水平和改善生活质量的辅助手段，但需警惕移植物抗宿主病等并发症。
In the treatment regimens for certain hematologic malignancies, allogeneic transfusion serves as an adjunctive measure to maintain hemoglobin levels and improve quality of life, but vigilance is required against complications such as graft-versus-host disease.
'血液肿瘤' (xuèyè zhǒngliú - hematologic malignancies), '异体输血' (yìtǐ shū xuè - allogeneic transfusion), '辅助手段' (fǔzhù shǒuduàn - adjunctive measure), '移植物抗宿主病' (yízwù kàng sù zhǔ bìng - graft-versus-host disease).
血液冷藏保存的极限和输血过程中可能发生的免疫学调整，是血液学研究领域持续关注的课题。
The limitations of refrigerated blood storage and the immunological adjustments that may occur during transfusion are ongoing areas of focus in hematology research.
'血液冷藏保存的极限' (xuèyè lěngcáng bǎocún de jíxiàn - limitations of refrigerated blood storage), '免疫学调整' (miǎnyì xué tiáozhěng - immunological adjustments), '血液学研究领域' (xuèyè xué yánjiū lǐngyù - hematology research field).
对于孕妇因产后大出血而需要输血的情况，除了紧急输血外，还需考虑母婴血型不合可能引发的溶血病。
For pregnant women requiring blood transfusion due to severe postpartum hemorrhage, in addition to emergency transfusion, the possibility of hemolytic disease caused by maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility must also be considered.
'产后大出血' (chǎnhòu dà chūxiě - severe postpartum hemorrhage), '母婴血型不合' (mǔyīng xuèxíng bù hé - maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility), '溶血病' (róngxuè bìng - hemolytic disease).
在开发人工血液替代品的研究中，如何模拟红细胞的携氧能力和血浆的维持血容量功能，是实现安全有效输血的重大挑战。
In the research for developing artificial blood substitutes, how to simulate the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells and the plasma's function in maintaining blood volume are significant challenges to achieving safe and effective transfusion.
'人工血液替代品' (réngōng xuèyè tìdài pǐn - artificial blood substitutes), '携氧能力' (xiéyǎng nénglì - oxygen-carrying capacity), '维持血容量' (wéichí xuè róngliàng - maintain blood volume), '重大挑战' (zhòngdà tiǎozhàn - significant challenge).
对输血相关性急性肺损伤（TRALI）的病理生理机制的深入理解，有助于改进诊断和治疗策略，减少其发病率。
A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) can help improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, thereby reducing its incidence.
'输血相关性急性肺损伤' (shū xuè xiāngguān xìng jíxìng fèi sǔnshāng - transfusion-related acute lung injury), '病理生理机制' (bìnglǐ shēnglǐ jīzhì - pathophysiological mechanism), '发病率' (fābìnglǜ - incidence rate).
在现代输血医学领域，精准的个体化输血策略正逐渐取代经验性方案，以期最大化疗效并最小化潜在的免疫学和感染性风险。
In the field of modern transfusion medicine, precise individualized transfusion strategies are gradually replacing empirical protocols, aiming to maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize potential immunological and infectious risks.
'精准的个体化输血策略' (jīngzhǔn de gètǐ huà shū xuè cèlüè - precise individualized transfusion strategies), '经验性方案' (jīngyàn xìng fāng'àn - empirical protocols), '最大化疗效' (zuì dà huà liáoxiào - maximize therapeutic efficacy), '潜在的免疫学和感染性风险' (qiánzài de miǎnyì xué hé gǎnrǎnxìng fēngxiǎn - potential immunological and infectious risks).
输血的免疫调节效应及其在器官移植排斥反应中的作用，是血液学和免疫学交叉领域的重要研究课题。
The immunomodulatory effects of blood transfusion and their role in organ transplant rejection are significant research topics at the intersection of hematology and immunology.
'免疫调节效应' (miǎnyì tiáojié xiàoyìng - immunomodulatory effects), '器官移植排斥反应' (qìguān yízhí páichì fǎnyìng - organ transplant rejection), '交叉领域' (jiāochā lǐngyù - intersection field).
面对日益增长的老龄化人口和复杂疾病谱，血液制品的合理使用及输血服务体系的优化，对保障全民健康构成了严峻挑战。
Faced with an aging population and a complex disease spectrum, the rational use of blood products and the optimization of transfusion service systems pose a severe challenge to ensuring the health of the entire population.
'老龄化人口' (lǎolíng huà rénkǒu - aging population), '复杂疾病谱' (fùzá jíbìng pǔ - complex disease spectrum), '血液制品的合理使用' (xuèyè zhìpǐn de hélǐ shǐyòng - rational use of blood products), '输血服务体系的优化' (shū xuè fúwù tǐxì de yōuhuà - optimization of transfusion service systems), '全民健康' (quánmín jiànkāng - public health).
输血相关性疾病的预防和控制，需要跨学科的合作，整合临床实践、实验室检测、流行病学监测以及政策法规的制定。
The prevention and control of transfusion-related diseases require interdisciplinary collaboration, integrating clinical practice, laboratory testing, epidemiological surveillance, and policy formulation.
'输血相关性疾病' (shū xuè xiāngguān xìng jíbìng - transfusion-related diseases), '跨学科的合作' (kuà xuékē de hézuò - interdisciplinary collaboration), '流行病学监测' (liúxíngbìngxué jiāncè - epidemiological surveillance), '政策法规的制定' (zhèngcè fǎguī de zhìdìng - policy formulation).
在极端情况下，例如战时或大规模自然灾害，输血资源的有效调配和管理，成为衡量国家应急响应能力的关键指标。
In extreme circumstances, such as wartime or large-scale natural disasters, the effective allocation and management of blood transfusion resources become key indicators for measuring a nation's emergency response capacity.
'极端情况下' (jíduān qíngkuàng xià - in extreme circumstances), '有效调配' (yǒuxiào diàopèi - effective allocation), '管理' (guǎnlǐ - management), '衡量' (héngliáng - measure), '关键指标' (guānjiàn zhǐbiāo - key indicator).
输血的长期后果，如免疫耐受的诱导或抑制，以及对肿瘤复发率的影响，是血液学研究中持续探索的复杂议题。
The long-term consequences of blood transfusion, such as the induction or suppression of immune tolerance, and their impact on tumor recurrence rates, are complex issues of ongoing exploration in hematological research.
'长期后果' (chángqī hòuguǒ - long-term consequences), '免疫耐受的诱导或抑制' (miǎnyì nàishòu de yòudǎo huò yìzhì - induction or suppression of immune tolerance), '肿瘤复发率' (zhǒngliú fùfā lǜ - tumor recurrence rate), '持续探索' (chíxù tànsuǒ - ongoing exploration).
通过基因编辑技术改造供者细胞，以期在未来实现自体输血的理论，为解决血液短缺问题提供了新的视角。
Modifying donor cells through gene editing technology, with the aim of realizing the theory of autologous transfusion in the future, offers a new perspective for solving the problem of blood shortages.
'基因编辑技术' (jīyīn biānjí jìshù - gene editing technology), '自体输血' (zìtǐ shū xuè - autologous transfusion), '血液短缺' (xuèyè duǎnquē - blood shortage), '新的视角' (xīn de shìjiǎo - new perspective).
鉴于血液制品生产过程的复杂性和潜在的生物风险，对整个供应链的严格监管和质量控制体系的持续改进，是确保临床输血安全性的根本保障。
Given the complexity of blood product manufacturing and the potential biological risks, stringent regulation of the entire supply chain and continuous improvement of quality control systems are fundamental guarantees for ensuring clinical transfusion safety.
'血液制品生产过程' (xuèyè zhìpǐn shēngchǎn guòchéng - blood product manufacturing process), '潜在的生物风险' (qiánzài de shēngwù fēngxiǎn - potential biological risks), '整个供应链' (zhěnggè gōngyìng liàn - entire supply chain), '严格监管' (yángé jiānguǎn - stringent regulation), '质量控制体系' (zhìliàng kòngzhì tǐxì - quality control system), '根本保障' (gēnběn bǎozhàng - fundamental guarantee).
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— The patient needs a blood transfusion.
这位病人失血过多，需要输血。
— The doctor is giving him a blood transfusion.
看到医生熟练地操作，病人的家属感到安心，因为医生正在为他输血。
— Emergency blood transfusion.
车祸现场需要紧急输血来挽救伤员生命。
— To receive a blood transfusion.
他已经接受了两次输血。
— Blood transfusion therapy.
这种疾病的输血治疗效果很好。
— Blood transfusion safety.
确保输血安全是医院的首要任务。
— Donate blood to save lives.
宣传口号是‘捐血救人，传递爱心’，这与输血的最终目的相关。
— To transfuse plasma.
烧伤病人可能需要输血浆。
— To transfuse red blood cells.
严重贫血的病人需要输红细胞。
— Transfusion reaction.
医护人员密切监测病人是否有输血反应。
Often Confused With
This is a common confusion due to similar pronunciation. 输液 means to administer an IV drip (fluids, medication), while 输血 specifically refers to blood transfusions.
While related, 捐血 means to donate blood, which is the act of giving blood, whereas 输血 is about receiving or giving blood to a patient.
This means 'to lose blood', which is often the reason for needing a transfusion (输血), but it is the condition, not the procedure itself.
Idioms & Expressions
— To transfuse blood to save a life. This is a direct and literal use, emphasizing the life-saving aspect of a transfusion.
在危急关头，及时为伤员输血救命至关重要。
Medical/Formal— To identify kinship by mixing blood. This idiom uses '血' (blood) but is completely unrelated to transfusion. It's included to show how 'blood' can appear in other contexts.
古代的滴血认亲方法并不可靠。
Historical/Figurative— A drop in the bucket; a totally inadequate solution. While not directly involving '输血', it relates to situations where help is needed but insufficient, which can sometimes be the case with blood supply.
在如此大的灾难面前，这点援助简直是杯水车薪。
Figurative— Blood is thicker than water; family ties are stronger than other relationships. This idiom uses '血' but is about familial bonds, not medical transfusions.
虽然他们很久不见，但血浓于水，感情依然深厚。
Figurative/Emotional— A life-saving straw; a last resort. This relates to the concept of something vital for survival, similar to how a blood transfusion can be a '救命稻草'.
对于绝望的他来说，这笔钱就像救命稻草。
FigurativeEasily Confused
Both involve 'blood' (血) and the character '捐' and '输' can sometimes be confused due to similar meanings of giving/receiving or transferring.
捐血 means 'to donate blood' – the act of giving your blood. 输血 means 'to transfuse blood' – the act of receiving blood into your body (or giving it to someone else). Think of it as donating vs. receiving.
他去<strong>捐血</strong>了，因为他知道有人需要<strong>输血</strong>。
The first character '输' (shū) is the same, and both are medical procedures involving infusion.
输液 means 'to administer an IV drip' – giving fluids, medications, or nutrients intravenously. 输血 specifically means 'to transfuse blood' – transferring blood or blood components. The second character is key: 液 (yè) means liquid, while 血 (xuè) means blood.
病人需要<strong>输液</strong>来补充水分，但他也需要<strong>输血</strong>来增加血红蛋白。
Both involve the character '血' (xuè - blood), and '失' (shī - lose) is the opposite of receiving, which is part of transfusion.
失血 means 'to lose blood' – a condition of bleeding. 输血 means 'to transfuse blood' – the medical procedure to replenish lost blood. One is the problem, the other is the solution.
因为<strong>失血</strong>过多，他需要<strong>输血</strong>。
This is the noun for 'blood', the substance involved in a transfusion.
血液 is the noun 'blood'. 输血 is the verb 'to transfuse blood'. You can't '输血液' as a verb in the same way you can '输血'; rather, 输血 is the action performed with 血液.
<strong>血液</strong>的成分很重要，所以<strong>输血</strong>需要谨慎。
Both involve '血' (xuè - blood) and a verb indicating an action related to it.
止血 means 'to stop bleeding' – preventing blood loss. 输血 means 'to transfuse blood' – replenishing lost blood. They are opposing actions related to blood management.
首先要<strong>止血</strong>，然后才考虑是否需要<strong>输血</strong>。
Sentence Patterns
Subject + 需要 + 输血。
病人需要输血。
Subject + 接受 + 输血。
他接受了输血。
因为 + Reason + , + Subject + 需要/必须 + 输血。
因为车祸，他必须输血。
Subject + 为 + Object + 输血。
医生为他输血。
Subject + 进行 + 输血 + （治疗）。
医院进行了输血治疗。
Subject + 考虑 + 输血的 + (风险/好处)。
我们应该考虑输血的风险。
Subject + 旨在 + 通过 + 输血 + 来 + Verb。
新疗法旨在通过输血来改善病人的状况。
鉴于 + 输血 + 的 + Complexity/Importance + , + Subject + Verb + ...
鉴于输血的复杂性，需要严格的操作规程。
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Related
How to Use It
Common in medical contexts, less common in general conversation.
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Confusing 输血 (shū xuè) with 捐血 (juān xuè).
→
输血 is receiving/giving a transfusion; 捐血 is donating blood.
Learners often mix these up because both involve 'blood' (血). Remember 输 is about 'transferring to the patient,' while 捐 is about 'giving away.'
-
Confusing 输血 (shū xuè) with 输液 (shūyè).
→
输血 is for blood; 输液 is for IV fluids/medication.
The similar sound of 'shū' leads to confusion. The second character is key: 血 (xuè) means blood, and 液 (yè) means liquid. Always check that second character!
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Using 输血 as a noun meaning 'blood transfusion' without context.
→
输血 is primarily a verb. To refer to the procedure as a noun, often context or compound words like '输血治疗' are used.
While it can function nominally in some phrases, in basic sentences, treat it as a verb. For example, instead of saying 'This is a 输血', say 'This patient needs 输血' (病人需要输血).
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Using the figurative meaning of 'support' too broadly.
→
Use the literal medical meaning unless the context is very clear for figurative use.
While 输血 can mean 'to provide vital support', this is less common. In most situations, it strictly refers to blood transfusions. Overusing the figurative meaning can lead to misunderstanding.
-
Incorrect tones for 输血 (shū xuè).
→
Shū (2nd tone, rising), Xuè (4th tone, falling-rising).
Pronouncing the tones incorrectly can change the meaning or make the word difficult to understand, especially in medical contexts where clarity is vital.
Tips
Distinguish '输血' from '捐血'
Remember that 输血 (shū xuè) is about receiving or giving a blood transfusion, while 捐血 (juān xuè) is about donating blood. They are related but distinct actions. Think of '输' as 'transferring to the patient' and '捐' as 'giving away'.
Master the Tones
Pay close attention to the tones in 输血 (shū xuè). 输 has a rising tone (second tone), and 血 has a falling-rising tone (fourth tone). Correct tones are crucial for clear communication, especially in medical contexts.
Common Sentence Structures
Learn common patterns like '病人需要输血' (The patient needs a transfusion) and '医生为病人输血' (The doctor transfuses blood for the patient). These basic structures will help you use the word correctly.
Visual Association
Visualize a blood bag (血) being transported (输) into a person. This image can help you remember the meaning of the characters and the word as a whole.
Learn Related Terms
Familiarize yourself with terms like 输液 (shūyè - IV drip) and 捐血 (juān xuè - donate blood) to avoid confusion and expand your medical vocabulary.
Use it in Sentences
Try to create your own sentences using 输血, even simple ones. For example, '我听说他需要输血' (I heard he needs a blood transfusion).
Cultural Significance
Understand that in Chinese culture, blood donation (捐血) is highly valued as a way to save lives, directly supporting the need for 输血.
Be Aware of Potential Risks
While generally safe, understand that medical procedures like 输血 can have risks. This awareness helps in understanding discussions about transfusion safety and reactions.
Figurative Meaning
While less common, 输血 can sometimes mean providing essential support. However, always prioritize the literal medical meaning unless the context strongly suggests otherwise.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'shu' like 'shoe' and 'xue' like 'knew'. Imagine you need a new shoe to run, but instead, you need 'shu xue' (blood transfusion) to get the energy to run. The 'shu' sound can remind you of 'shoo!' the blood away from danger, and 'xue' sounds like 'knew' you needed it to live.
Visual Association
Picture a blood bag labeled with Chinese characters. The '输' character looks like it's directing or transporting something downwards. The '血' character has the radical for 'blood' (血) at the bottom, reinforcing the idea of blood being involved. Imagine blood flowing from the bag (输) into a body (血).
Word Web
Challenge
Try to explain to a friend (in Chinese, even if simple) why someone might need a blood transfusion, using the word 输血 and mentioning reasons like accidents or illness.
Word Origin
The term 输血 (shū xuè) is a modern Chinese compound word formed by combining two characters. '输' (shū) means to transport, convey, or lose (as in losing blood). '血' (xuè) means blood. Together, they literally mean 'to transport blood'. This formation is typical of modern scientific and medical terminology in Chinese, often translating concepts from Western medicine.
Original meaning: Literally 'transport blood'.
Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)Cultural Context
Blood transfusions are a sensitive medical topic. Discussions should be handled with care, especially when dealing with patients or their families. Respect for patient privacy and medical ethics is paramount. When discussing the procedure, it's important to use clear, respectful language and avoid sensationalism.
In English-speaking cultures, blood transfusions are a common and well-understood medical procedure. The term 'blood transfusion' is widely used. The act of donating blood is also highly promoted through campaigns like 'Give Blood, Give Life'.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
A patient discussing their medical condition with a doctor.
- 我需要输血吗？
- 为什么需要输血？
- 输血有什么风险？
- 我能接受输血吗？
A news report about a medical emergency or health campaign.
- 医院进行了紧急输血。
- 呼吁大家捐血以满足输血需求。
- 输血是救命的关键。
A conversation between family members about a sick relative.
- 他最近需要输血。
- 听医生说，情况需要输血。
- 希望输血能帮助他快点好起来。
A discussion at a blood donation center.
- 捐血是为了帮助需要输血的人。
- 我来捐血，支持输血事业。
- 献血可以让更多人得到输血。
Explaining a medical procedure.
- 输血就是把血液输进身体里。
- 这个过程是为了补充血液。
- 我们通过输血来治疗贫血。
Conversation Starters
"Have you ever heard about blood transfusions in Chinese? The word is 输血 (shū xuè)."
"What do you think is the most important reason someone might need a blood transfusion?"
"Do you know the difference between donating blood (捐血 juān xuè) and receiving a blood transfusion (输血 shū xuè)?"
"Imagine you're in a hospital in China and need a blood transfusion. How would you ask for it?"
"What are some of the risks associated with blood transfusions, and how do doctors ensure safety?"
Journal Prompts
Describe a situation where someone might need a blood transfusion. Use the word 输血 (shū xuè) in your description.
Compare and contrast the actions of donating blood (捐血 juān xuè) and receiving a blood transfusion (输血 shū xuè).
Write a short dialogue between a doctor and a patient about the necessity of a blood transfusion.
Imagine you are writing a public health announcement encouraging blood donation. How would you explain why donated blood is important, mentioning the word 输血 (shū xuè)?
Reflect on the importance of blood transfusions in modern medicine. What would happen if they weren't available?
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questionsThis is a very important distinction. 输血 (shū xuè) means to receive or give a blood transfusion, the medical procedure where blood is transferred into a patient's body. 捐血 (juān xuè) means to donate blood, which is the act of giving your blood, usually to a blood bank, so that it can be used for transfusions for others. Think of 捐血 as giving, and 输血 as receiving or the overall process involving a patient.
Blood transfusions are generally safe, especially with modern screening and matching techniques. However, like any medical procedure, there are potential risks, such as transfusion reactions or transmission of infections (though very rare now). Doctors and nurses take many precautions to ensure transfusion safety. The decision to transfuse is always based on a careful assessment of the benefits versus the risks for the patient.
A blood transfusion is usually necessary when a patient has lost a significant amount of blood due to injury, surgery, or childbirth. It is also used to treat conditions where the body doesn't produce enough healthy red blood cells, such as severe anemia, leukemia, or other blood disorders. The goal is to restore oxygen-carrying capacity or other blood functions.
No, saying '我输血' (Wǒ shū xuè) implies 'I am receiving a blood transfusion' or, in a medical context, 'I am giving a blood transfusion' (as a medical professional). If you want to say you are donating blood, you should use '我捐血' (Wǒ juān xuè) or '我献血' (Wǒ xiàn xuè).
While its primary and most common meaning is medical, 输血 can sometimes be used figuratively to mean providing crucial support or resources, like '输血式援助' (shū xuè shì yuánzhù - transfusion-style aid). However, this figurative use is less common and relies heavily on context. In most cases, assume it refers to a medical blood transfusion.
This is a common point of confusion! Both start with 输 (shū), meaning to transfuse or administer. However, 输血 (shū xuè) specifically refers to transfusing BLOOD. 输液 (shūyè) refers to administering an IV drip, which contains fluids, medications, or nutrients, but NOT blood. The second character is the key: 血 (xuè) is blood, and 液 (yè) is liquid.
Besides whole blood, doctors can transfuse specific components of blood. These include red blood cells (红细胞 hóng xìbāo) to treat anemia, platelets (血小板 xuèxiǎobǎn) to help with clotting, and plasma (血浆 xuèjiāng) to provide proteins and clotting factors. So, 输血 can sometimes refer to the transfusion of these specific components.
Blood banks rigorously screen all donated blood for infectious diseases like HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Blood types are also carefully matched between the donor and recipient to prevent dangerous reactions. This meticulous process is crucial for ensuring transfusion safety.
A transfusion reaction is an adverse event that can occur after a blood transfusion. It can range from mild symptoms like fever and rash to severe, life-threatening reactions. These are rare due to safety measures, but medical staff monitor patients closely during and after the transfusion to detect and manage any potential reactions.
Yes, it is possible, but it's not always the best option. While family members might be willing donors (捐血), their blood must be compatible in terms of blood type and other factors. Hospitals often rely on a central blood bank for a wider variety of blood types and to ensure the safety and availability of blood products. Direct transfusion from a family member requires careful medical evaluation.
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Summary
输血 (shū xuè) is the medical term for undergoing or performing a blood transfusion, a critical procedure for patients with severe blood loss or certain medical conditions.
- 输血 (shū xuè) is a verb meaning to have a blood transfusion.
- It's a medical term for receiving or giving blood.
- Essential for treating blood loss and certain illnesses.
- Distinguish from 捐血 (juān xuè) - to donate blood.
Distinguish '输血' from '捐血'
Remember that 输血 (shū xuè) is about receiving or giving a blood transfusion, while 捐血 (juān xuè) is about donating blood. They are related but distinct actions. Think of '输' as 'transferring to the patient' and '捐' as 'giving away'.
Master the Tones
Pay close attention to the tones in 输血 (shū xuè). 输 has a rising tone (second tone), and 血 has a falling-rising tone (fourth tone). Correct tones are crucial for clear communication, especially in medical contexts.
Context is Key
You'll most often hear 输血 in hospitals, clinics, or discussions about health emergencies. Understanding this context helps you interpret the word correctly and anticipate related vocabulary like 'doctor', 'patient', and 'blood'.
Common Sentence Structures
Learn common patterns like '病人需要输血' (The patient needs a transfusion) and '医生为病人输血' (The doctor transfuses blood for the patient). These basic structures will help you use the word correctly.
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A2One pill; a grain (for small, round objects like pills).
一片
A2One tablet; a slice (for flat objects like pills).
不正常
A2abnormal
以上
A2Above, over (a number)
酸痛
A2Sore; aching (especially muscles).
倒是
A2On the contrary; actually.
针灸
A2Acupuncture; traditional Chinese therapy.
扎针
A2to give an injection
急性
B1acute (illness)
急性病
B1Acute disease.
